1
|
Kong Y, Yin R, He Y, Pan F, Yang H, Wang H, Zhang J, Gao Y. Plasticity changes in iron homeostasis in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) may counteract chronically inactive skeletal muscle atrophy. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:191-202. [PMID: 38522042 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Disuse-induced muscular atrophy is frequently accompanied by iron overload. Hibernating animals are a natural animal model for resistance to disuse muscle atrophy. In this paper, we explored changes in skeletal muscle iron content of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during different periods of hibernation as well as the regulatory mechanisms involved. The results revealed that compared with the summer active group (SA), iron content in the soleus muscle (SOL) decreased (- 65%) in the torpor group (TOR), but returned to normal levels in the inter-bout arousal (IBA); splenic iron content increased in the TOR group (vs. SA, + 67%), decreased in the IBA group (vs. TOR, - 37%). Expression of serum hepcidin decreased in the TOR group (vs. SA, - 22%) and returned to normal levels in the IBA groups; serum ferritin increased in the TOR group (vs. SA, + 31%), then recovered in the IBA groups. Soleus muscle transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) expression increased in the TOR group (vs. SA, + 83%), decreased in the IBA group (vs. TOR, - 30%); ferroportin 1 increased in the IBA group (vs. SA, + 55%); ferritin increased in the IBA group (vs. SA, + 42%). No significant differences in extensor digitorum longus in iron content or iron metabolism-related protein expression were observed among the groups. Significantly, all increased or decreased indicators in this study returned to normal levels after the post-hibernation group, showing remarkable plasticity. In summary, avoiding iron overload may be a potential mechanism for hibernating Daurian ground squirrels to avoid disuse induced muscular atrophy. In addition, the different skeletal muscle types exhibited unique strategies for regulating iron homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 1229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Rongrong Yin
- Department of Biology, WuXi APP Tec Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Yue He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 1229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Fangyang Pan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 1229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Huajian Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 1229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 1229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 1229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miyazaki M, Shimozuru M, Tsubota T. Supplementing cultured human myotubes with hibernating bear serum results in increased protein content by modulating Akt/FOXO3a signaling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263085. [PMID: 35077510 PMCID: PMC8789107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernating bears remain in their dens for 5–7 months during winter and survive without eating or drinking while staying inactive. However, they maintain their physical functions with minimal skeletal muscle atrophy and metabolic dysfunction. In bears, resistance to skeletal muscle atrophy during hibernation is likely mediated by seasonally altered systemic factors that are independent of neuromuscular activity. To determine whether there are components in bear serum that regulate protein and energy metabolism, differentiated human skeletal muscle cells were treated with bear serum (5% in DMEM/Ham’s F-12, 24 h) collected during active summer (July) and hibernating winter (February) periods. The serum samples were collected from the same individual bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus, n = 7 in each season). Total protein content in cultured skeletal muscle cells was significantly increased following a 24 h treatment with hibernating bear serum. Although the protein synthesis rate was not altered, the expression of MuRF1 protein, a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase was significantly decreased along with a concomitant activation of Akt/FOXO3a signaling. Increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were also observed in hibernating bear serum. These observations suggest that protein metabolism in cultured human myotubes may be altered when incubated with hibernating bear serum, with a significant increase in serum IGF-1 and diminished MuRF1 expression, a potential target of Akt/FOXO3a signaling. A protein sparing phenotype in cultured muscle cells by treatment with hibernating bear serum holds potential for the development of methods to prevent human muscle atrophy and related disorders.
Collapse
|
3
|
Givre L, Crola Da Silva C, Swenson JE, Arnemo JM, Gauquelin-Koch G, Bertile F, Lefai E, Gomez L. Cardiomyocyte Protection by Hibernating Brown Bear Serum: Toward the Identification of New Protective Molecules Against Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:687501. [PMID: 34336951 PMCID: PMC8322573 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.687501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite intensive research on the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, no effective therapy has shown clinical success. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the heart from reperfusion injury. Interestingly, despite physical inactivity during hibernation, brown bears (Ursus arctos) cope with cardiovascular physiological conditions that would be detrimental to humans. We hypothesized that bear serum might contain circulating factors that could provide protection against cell injury. In this study, we sought to determine whether addition of bear serum might improve cardiomyocyte survival following hypoxia–reoxygenation. Isolated mouse cardiomyocytes underwent 45 min of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. At the onset of reoxygenation, cells received fetal bovine serum (FBS; positive control), summer (SBS) or winter bear serum (WBS), or adult serums of other species, as indicated. After 2 h of reoxygenation, propidium iodide staining was used to evaluate cell viability by flow cytometry. Whereas, 0.5% SBS tended to decrease reperfusion injury, 0.5% WBS significantly reduced cell death, averaging 74.04 ± 7.06% vs. 79.20 ± 6.53% in the FBS group. This cardioprotective effect was lost at 0.1%, became toxic above 5%, and was specific to the bear. Our results showed that bear serum exerts a therapeutic effect with an efficacy threshold, an optimal dose, and a toxic effect on cardiomyocyte viability after hypoxia–reoxygenation. Therefore, the bear serum may be a potential source for identifying new therapeutic molecules to fight against myocardial reperfusion injury and cell death in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Givre
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Jon E Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway.,Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Fabrice Bertile
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Gomez
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bertile F, Habold C, Le Maho Y, Giroud S. Body Protein Sparing in Hibernators: A Source for Biomedical Innovation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:634953. [PMID: 33679446 PMCID: PMC7930392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are not only the major structural components of living cells but also ensure essential physiological functions within the organism. Any change in protein abundance and/or structure is at risk for the proper body functioning and/or survival of organisms. Death following starvation is attributed to a loss of about half of total body proteins, and body protein loss induced by muscle disuse is responsible for major metabolic disorders in immobilized patients, and sedentary or elderly people. Basic knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control proteostasis is continuously growing. Yet, finding and developing efficient treatments to limit body/muscle protein loss in humans remain a medical challenge, physical exercise and nutritional programs managing to only partially compensate for it. This is notably a major challenge for the treatment of obesity, where therapies should promote fat loss while preserving body proteins. In this context, hibernating species preserve their lean body mass, including muscles, despite total physical inactivity and low energy consumption during torpor, a state of drastic reduction in metabolic rate associated with a more or less pronounced hypothermia. The present review introduces metabolic, physiological, and behavioral adaptations, e.g., energetics, body temperature, and nutrition, of the torpor or hibernation phenotype from small to large mammals. Hibernating strategies could be linked to allometry aspects, the need for periodic rewarming from torpor, and/or the ability of animals to fast for more or less time, thus determining the capacity of individuals to save proteins. Both fat- and food-storing hibernators rely mostly on their body fat reserves during the torpid state, while minimizing body protein utilization. A number of them may also replenish lost proteins during arousals by consuming food. The review takes stock of the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that promote body protein and muscle sparing during the inactive state of hibernation. Finally, the review outlines how the detailed understanding of these mechanisms at play in various hibernators is expected to provide innovative solutions to fight human muscle atrophy, to better help the management of obese patients, or to improve the ex vivo preservation of organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bertile
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Habold
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Ecology, Physiology & Ethology Department, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yvon Le Maho
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Ecology, Physiology & Ethology Department, Strasbourg, France.,Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are classified according to the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and other myofibrillar proteins expressed within these cells. In addition to 'pure' fibers expressing single MHC isoforms, many fibers are 'hybrids' that co-express two or more different isoforms of MHC or other myofibrillar proteins. Although hybrid fibers have been recognized by muscle biologists for more than three decades, uncertainty persists about their prevalence in normal muscles, their role in fiber-type transitions, and what they might tell us about fiber-type regulation at the cellular and molecular levels. This Review summarizes current knowledge on the relative abundance of hybrid fibers in a variety of muscles from different species. Data from more than 150 muscles from 39 species demonstrate that hybrid fibers are common, frequently representing 25% or more of the fibers in normal muscles. Hybrid fibers appear to have two main roles: (1) they function as intermediates during the fiber-type transitions associated with skeletal muscle development, adaptation to exercise and aging; and (2) they provide a functional continuum of fiber phenotypes, as they possess physiological properties that are intermediate to those of pure fiber types. One aspect of hybrid fibers that is not widely recognized is that fiber-type asymmetries - such as dramatic differences in the MHC composition along the length of single fibers - appear to be a common aspect of many fibers. The final section of this Review examines the possible role of differential activities of nuclei in different myonuclear domains in establishing fiber-type asymmetries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Medler
- Biology Department, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, NY 14063, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samson WK, Evans RG, Langhans W, Yosten GLC. Editors' Picks for 2018 demonstrate the diversity of research in regulatory, integrative, and comparative physiology. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R143-R146. [PMID: 31166690 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00151.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETHZ, Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chazarin B, Storey KB, Ziemianin A, Chanon S, Plumel M, Chery I, Durand C, Evans AL, Arnemo JM, Zedrosser A, Swenson JE, Gauquelin-Koch G, Simon C, Blanc S, Lefai E, Bertile F. Metabolic reprogramming involving glycolysis in the hibernating brown bear skeletal muscle. Front Zool 2019; 16:12. [PMID: 31080489 PMCID: PMC6503430 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, the hibernating state is characterized by biochemical adjustments, which include metabolic rate depression and a shift in the primary fuel oxidized from carbohydrates to lipids. A number of studies of hibernating species report an upregulation of the levels and/or activity of lipid oxidizing enzymes in muscles during torpor, with a concomitant downregulation for glycolytic enzymes. However, other studies provide contrasting data about the regulation of fuel utilization in skeletal muscles during hibernation. Bears hibernate with only moderate hypothermia but with a drop in metabolic rate down to ~ 25% of basal metabolism. To gain insights into how fuel metabolism is regulated in hibernating bear skeletal muscles, we examined the vastus lateralis proteome and other changes elicited in brown bears during hibernation. Results We show that bear muscle metabolic reorganization is in line with a suppression of ATP turnover. Regulation of muscle enzyme expression and activity, as well as of circulating metabolite profiles, highlighted a preference for lipid substrates during hibernation, although the data suggested that muscular lipid oxidation levels decreased due to metabolic rate depression. Our data also supported maintenance of muscle glycolysis that could be fuelled from liver gluconeogenesis and mobilization of muscle glycogen stores. During hibernation, our data also suggest that carbohydrate metabolism in bear muscle, as well as protein sparing, could be controlled, in part, by actions of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions Our work shows that molecular mechanisms in hibernating bear skeletal muscle, which appear consistent with a hypometabolic state, likely contribute to energy and protein savings. Maintenance of glycolysis could help to sustain muscle functionality for situations such as an unexpected exit from hibernation that would require a rapid increase in ATP production for muscle contraction. The molecular data we report here for skeletal muscles of bears hibernating at near normal body temperature represent a signature of muscle preservation despite atrophying conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Chazarin
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,10Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, F-75001 Paris, France
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- 2Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Anna Ziemianin
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,10Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, F-75001 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Chanon
- 3CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Marine Plumel
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Chery
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Durand
- 3CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Alina L Evans
- 4Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- 4Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway.,5Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Zedrosser
- 6Department of Environmental and Health Studies, University College of Southeast Norway, N-3800 Bø, Telemark Norway.,7Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jon E Swenson
- 8Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.,9Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Chantal Simon
- 3CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Stephane Blanc
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- 3CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France.,Université d'Auvergne, INRA, UNH UMR1019, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|