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Hettler SA, Picascia T, Pastene DO, Vajpayee S, Perciaccante R, Yard BA, Gretz N, Krämer BK. Hyperfiltration can be detected by transcutaneous assessment of glomerular filtration rate in diabetic obese mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1558-C1566. [PMID: 37955125 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00483.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We addressed if hyperfiltration can be assessed transcutaneously in male diabetic obese mice (BTBRob/ob) at 12 and 24 wk and how this relates to glomerular parameters indicative for hyperfiltration. Transcutaneous assessment of FITC-Sinistrin clearance [transcutaneous assessment of glomerular filtration rate (tGFR)] was compared against classical plasma clearance. Kidney from SV620C-01-PEI perfused mice were harvested at 24 wk and processed for tissue clearing and classical histology. Perfusion patterns of glomerular capillaries, glomerular size, and vasodilation of the afferent arterioles were assessed. Although at 12 wk FITC-Sinistrin half-life (t1/2) for both tGFR and plasma clearance suggested hyperfiltration, this was not significant anymore at 24 wk. In kidneys of diabetic mice the diameter of the afferent arteriole was significantly larger and positively correlated with glomerular size. Glomerular perfusion pattern in these mice was heterogeneous ranging from non- to well-perfused glomeruli. Nonperfused glomerular areas displayed a strong periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS) positive staining. Collectively our data demonstrate that tGFR is a valid method to detect hyperfiltration. Hyperfiltration occurs early in BTBRob/ob mice and disappears with disease progression as a consequence of a reduced filtration surface. It remains to be assessed if tGFR is also a valid method in diabetic mice with severely compromised renal function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY tGFR measurement is a relatively new method to assess kidney function in conscious rodents, which can be repeated multiple times in the same animal to track the course of the disease and/or the effect of potential treatments. Since the literature was inconclusive on the suitability of this technique in obese mice, we validated it for the first time against classical plasma clearance in the commonly used BTBRob/ob mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen A Hettler
- Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tiziana Picascia
- Medical Research Center, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Diego O Pastene
- V Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Benito A Yard
- V Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- V Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Saadati S, Cameron J, Menon K, Hodge A, Lu ZX, de Courten M, Feehan J, de Courten B. Carnosine Did Not Affect Vascular and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A 14-Week Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4835. [PMID: 38004228 PMCID: PMC10674211 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Carnosine has been suggested as a potential approach to reduce ASCVD risk factors. However, there is a paucity of human data. Hence, we performed a 14-week double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial to determine whether carnosine compared with placebo improves vascular and metabolic outcomes in individuals with prediabetes and T2DM. In total, 49 patients with prediabetes and T2DM with good glycemic control were randomly assigned either to receive 2 g/day carnosine or matching placebo. We evaluated endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, lipid parameters, blood pressure, heart rate, hepatic and renal outcomes before and after the intervention. Carnosine supplementation had no effect on heart rate, peripheral and central blood pressure, endothelial function (logarithm of reactive hyperemia (LnRHI)), arterial stiffness (carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (CF PWV)), lipid parameters, liver fibroscan indicators, liver transient elastography, liver function tests, and renal outcomes compared to placebo. In conclusion, carnosine supplementation did not improve cardiovascular and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with prediabetes and T2DM with good glycemic control. Therefore, it is improbable that carnosine supplementation would be a viable approach to mitigating the ASCVD risk in these populations. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02917928).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Saadati
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.S.); (K.M.); (A.H.); (Z.X.L.)
| | - James Cameron
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.S.); (K.M.); (A.H.); (Z.X.L.)
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash Heart, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Kirthi Menon
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.S.); (K.M.); (A.H.); (Z.X.L.)
| | - Alexander Hodge
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.S.); (K.M.); (A.H.); (Z.X.L.)
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Zhong X. Lu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.S.); (K.M.); (A.H.); (Z.X.L.)
- Monash Health Pathology, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Maximilian de Courten
- Mitchell Institute for Health and Education Policy, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
| | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.S.); (K.M.); (A.H.); (Z.X.L.)
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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Li C, Gao L, Lv C, Li Z, Fan S, Liu X, Rong X, Huang Y, Liu J. Active role of amino acid metabolism in early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1239838. [PMID: 37781128 PMCID: PMC10539689 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1239838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is one of the significant microvascular consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a complex etiology and protracted course. In the early stages of DKD, the majority of patients experience an insidious onset and few overt clinical symptoms and indicators, but they are prone to develop end-stage renal disease in the later stage, which is life-threatening. The abnormal amino acid metabolism is tightly associated with the development of DKD, which involves several pathological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and immune response and is also closely related to autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and iron death. With a focus on taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and glutamine, we explored the biological effects of various amino acid mechanisms linked to DKD, the impact of amino acid metabolism in the early diagnosis of DKD, and the role of amino acid metabolism in treating DKD, to offer fresh objectives and guidelines for later early detection and DKD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lidong Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Lv
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Rong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Pfeffer T, Wetzel C, Kirschner P, Bartosova M, Poth T, Schwab C, Poschet G, Zemva J, Bulkescher R, Damgov I, Thiel C, Garbade SF, Klingbeil K, Peters V, Schmitt CP. Carnosinase-1 Knock-Out Reduces Kidney Fibrosis in Type-1 Diabetic Mice on High Fat Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1270. [PMID: 37372000 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine and anserine supplementation markedLy reduce diabetic nephropathy in rodents. The mode of nephroprotective action of both dipeptides in diabetes, via local protection or improved systemic glucose homeostasis, is uncertain. Global carnosinase-1 knockout mice (Cndp1-KO) and wild-type littermates (WT) on a normal diet (ND) and high fat diet (HFD) (n = 10/group), with streptozocin (STZ)-induced type-1 diabetes (n = 21-23/group), were studied for 32 weeks. Independent of diet, Cndp1-KO mice had 2- to 10-fold higher kidney anserine and carnosine concentrations than WT mice, but otherwise a similar kidney metabolome; heart, liver, muscle and serum anserine and carnosine concentrations were not different. Diabetic Cndp1-KO mice did not differ from diabetic WT mice in energy intake, body weight gain, blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin and glucose tolerance with both diets, whereas the diabetes-related increase in kidney advanced glycation end-product and 4-hydroxynonenal concentrations was prevented in the KO mice. Tubular protein accumulation was lower in diabetic ND and HFD Cndp1-KO mice, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis were lower in diabetic HFD Cndp1-KO mice compared to diabetic WT mice. Fatalities occurred later in diabetic ND Cndp1-KO mice versus WT littermates. Independent of systemic glucose homeostasis, increased kidney anserine and carnosine concentrations reduce local glycation and oxidative stress in type-1 diabetic mice, and mitigate interstitial nephropathy in type-1 diabetic mice on HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Pfeffer
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wetzel
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip Kirschner
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology (CMCP), Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Schwab
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Zemva
- Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruben Bulkescher
- Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Damgov
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven F Garbade
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Klingbeil
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Wetzel C, Pfeffer T, Bulkescher R, Zemva J, Modafferi S, Polimeni A, Salinaro AT, Calabrese V, Schmitt CP, Peters V. Anserine and Carnosine Induce HSP70-Dependent H 2S Formation in Endothelial Cells and Murine Kidney. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010066. [PMID: 36670928 PMCID: PMC9855136 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anserine and carnosine have nephroprotective actions; hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects from ischemic tissue damage, and the underlying mechanisms are debated. In view of their common interaction with HSP70, we studied possible interactions of both dipeptides with H2S. H2S formation was measured in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2); three endothelial cell lines (HUVEC, HUAEC, MCEC); and in renal murine tissue of wild-type (WT), carnosinase-1 knockout (Cndp1-KO) and Hsp70-KO mice. Diabetes was induced by streptozocin. Incubation with carnosine increased H2S synthesis capacity in tubular cells, as well as with anserine in all three endothelial cell lines. H2S dose-dependently reduced anserine/carnosine degradation rate by serum and recombinant carnosinase-1 (CN1). Endothelial Hsp70-KO reduced H2S formation and abolished the stimulation by anserine and could be restored by Hsp70 transfection. In female Hsp70-KO mice, kidney H2S formation was halved. In Cndp1-KO mice, kidney anserine concentrations were several-fold and sex-specifically increased. Kidney H2S formation capacity was increased 2-3-fold in female mice and correlated with anserine and carnosine concentrations. In diabetic Cndp1-KO mice, renal anserine and carnosine concentrations as well as H2S formation capacity were markedly reduced compared to non-diabetic Cndp1-KO littermates. Anserine and carnosine induce H2S formation in a cell-type and Hsp70-specific manner within a positive feedback loop with CN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wetzel
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Pfeffer
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruben Bulkescher
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Zemva
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Polimeni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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