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Heydarpour M, Parksook WW, Hopkins PN, Pojoga LH, Williams GH, Williams JS. A candidate locus in the renalase gene and susceptibility to blood pressure responses to the dietary salt. J Hypertens 2023; 41:723-732. [PMID: 36789764 PMCID: PMC10079562 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary salt confers a risk of elevating blood pressure (BP) and the development of hypertension. BP to salt intake may be determined in part by individual genetic predisposition. Identifying these genetic underpinnings will enhance our understanding of the biological mechanisms of BP regulation. This study aims to assess the genetic association with salt sensitivity of BP (SSBP) within two well-phenotyped multinational cohorts. METHODS A total of 720 white participants from the HyperPATH consortium program were selected and genotyped using a multiethnic genotyping array. Individuals consumed two study diets containing high (>200 mEq/day) and low (<10 mEq/day) sodium content, after which SSBP, aldosterone, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were assessed in a controlled inpatient research setting. RESULTS A top signal (rs10887801; beta = 4.57, P = 5.03E - 07) at the renalase gene ( RNLS ) region was significantly associated with SSBP. We also identified seven single nucleotide variants with linkage disequilibrium to the top signal at this region that comprised a significant haplotype (TCTTAGTT, P = 0.00081). Homozygous carriers of the T-risk allele of the key single nucleotide variant had higher SSBP ( P ≤ 0.00001) and lower PRA ( P = 0.0076) compared with the nonrisk allele. CONCLUSION We identified significant associations between genetic variants of the RNLS gene and BP responses to dietary salt intervention and PRA that suggest susceptibility to volume-driven hypertension. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying BP regulation, support the role of RNLS in the pathogenesis of SSBP, and identify individuals who may be at risk from excess dietary salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Heydarpour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wasita W. Parksook
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul N. Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics Research Unit, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Luminita H. Pojoga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon H. Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Dunaway LS, Cook AK, Botta D, Molina PA, d’Uscio LV, Katusic ZS, Pollock DM, Inscho EW, Pollock JS. Endothelial Histone Deacetylase 1 Activity Impairs Kidney Microvascular NO Signaling in Rats fed a High Salt Diet. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.08.531731. [PMID: 36945391 PMCID: PMC10028933 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.531731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to identify new mechanisms by which a high salt diet (HS) decreases NO production in kidney microvascular endothelial cells. Specifically, we hypothesized HS impairs NO signaling through a histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)-dependent mechanism. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed normal salt diet (NS; 0.49% NaCl) or high salt diet (4% NaCl) for two weeks. NO signaling was assessed by measuring L-NAME induced vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole using the blood perfused juxtamedullary nephron (JMN) preparation. In this preparation, kidneys were perfused with blood from a donor rat on a matching or different diet to that of the kidney donor. Kidney endothelial cells were isolated with magnetic activated cell sorting and HDAC1 activity was measured. Results We found that HS impaired NO signaling in the afferent arteriole. This was restored by inhibition of HDAC1 with MS-275. Consistent with these findings, HDAC1 activity was increased in kidney endothelial cells. We further found the loss of NO to be dependent upon the diet of the blood donor rather than the diet of the kidney donor and the plasma from HS fed rats to be sufficient to induce dysfunction suggesting a humoral factor, we termed Plasma Derived Endothelial-dysfunction Mediator (PDEM), mediates the endothelial dysfunction. The antioxidants, PEG-SOD and PEG-catalase, as well as the NOS cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin, restored NO signaling. Conclusion We conclude that HS activates endothelial HDAC1 through PDEM leading to decreased NO signaling. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which a HS decreases renal microvascular endothelial NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S. Dunaway
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Anthony K. Cook
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Davide Botta
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick A. Molina
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Livius V. d’Uscio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - David M. Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Edward W. Inscho
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jennifer S. Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Albertoni Borghese MF, Oronel LH, Ortiz MDC, Majowicz MP. Hypertension and renal disease programming: focus on the early postnatal period. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1303-39. [PMID: 36073779 DOI: 10.1042/CS20220293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origin of hypertension and renal disease is a concept highly supported by strong evidence coming from both human and animal studies. During development there are periods in which the organs are more vulnerable to stressors. Such periods of susceptibility are also called 'sensitive windows of exposure'. It was shown that as earlier an adverse event occurs; the greater are the consequences for health impairment. However, evidence show that the postnatal period is also quite important for hypertension and renal disease programming, especially in rodents because they complete nephrogenesis postnatally, and it is also important during preterm human birth. Considering that the developing kidney is vulnerable to early-life stressors, renal programming is a key element in the developmental programming of hypertension and renal disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the great number of studies, most of them performed in animal models, showing the broad range of stressors involved in hypertension and renal disease programming, with a particular focus on the stressors that occur during the early postnatal period. These stressors mainly include undernutrition or specific nutritional deficits, chronic behavioral stress, exposure to environmental chemicals, and pharmacological treatments that affect some important factors involved in renal physiology. We also discuss the common molecular mechanisms that are activated by the mentioned stressors and that promote the appearance of these adult diseases, with a brief description on some reprogramming strategies, which is a relatively new and promising field to treat or to prevent these diseases.
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Semenikhina M, Stefanenko M, Spires DR, Ilatovskaya DV, Palygin O. Nitric-Oxide-Mediated Signaling in Podocyte Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060745. [PMID: 35740870 PMCID: PMC9221338 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney. NO plays a complex role in glomerular ultrafiltration, vasodilation, and inflammation. Changes in NO bioavailability in pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension or diabetes may lead to podocyte damage, proteinuria, and rapid development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the extensive data highlighting essential functions of NO in health and pathology, related signaling in glomerular cells, particularly podocytes, is understudied. Several reports indicate that NO bioavailability in glomerular cells is decreased during the development of renal pathology, while restoring NO level can be beneficial for glomerular function. At the same time, the compromised activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) may provoke the formation of peroxynitrite and has been linked to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. It is known that the changes in the distribution of NO sources due to shifts in NOS subunits expression or modifications of NADPH oxidases activity may be linked to or promote the development of pathology. However, there is a lack of information about the detailed mechanisms describing the production and release of NO in the glomerular cells. The interaction of NO and other reactive oxygen species in podocytes and how NO-calcium crosstalk regulates glomerular cells’ function is still largely unknown. Here, we discuss recent reports describing signaling, synthesis, and known pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by the changes in NO homeostasis in the podocyte. The understanding and further investigation of these essential mechanisms in glomerular cells will facilitate the design of novel strategies to prevent or manage health conditions that cause glomerular and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Semenikhina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariia Stefanenko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Denisha R. Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (D.R.S.); (D.V.I.)
| | - Daria V. Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (D.R.S.); (D.V.I.)
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Correspondence:
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Gatzoflias S, Hao S, Ferreri NR. Induction of renal tumor necrosis factor-α and other autacoids and the beneficial effects of hypertonic saline in acute decompensated heart failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F1159-F1164. [PMID: 33969695 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00686.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although administration of hypertonic saline (HSS) in combination with diuretics has yielded improved weight loss, preservation of renal function, and reduction in hospitalization time in the clinical setting of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), the mechanisms that underlie these beneficial effects remain unclear and additional studies are needed before this approach can be adopted on a more consistent basis. As high salt conditions stimulate the production of several renal autacoids that exhibit natriuretic effects, renal physiologists can contribute to the understanding of mechanisms by which HSS leads to increased diuresis both as an individual therapy as well as in combination with loop diuretics. For instance, since HSS increases TNF-α production by proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop epithelial cells, this article is aimed at highlighting how the effects of TNF-α produced by these cell types may contribute to the beneficial effects of HSS in patients with ADHF. Although TNF-α produced by infiltrating macrophages and T cells exacerbates and attenuates renal damage, respectively, production of this cytokine within the tubular compartment of the kidney functions as an intrinsic regulator of blood pressure and Na+ homeostasis via mechanisms along the nephron related to inhibition of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isoform 2 activity and angiotensinogen expression. Thus, in the clinical setting of ADHF and hyponatremia, induction of TNF-α production along the nephron by administration of HSS may attenuate Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isoform 2 activity and angiotensinogen expression as part of a mechanism that prevents excessive Na+ reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, thereby mitigating volume overload.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoujin Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Nicholas R Ferreri
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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