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Chen K, Li Y, Wu X, Tang X, Zhang B, Fan T, He L, Pei X, Li Y. Establishment of human hematopoietic organoids for evaluation of hematopoietic injury and regeneration effect. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:133. [PMID: 38704588 PMCID: PMC11070084 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hematopoietic organoids have a wide application value for modeling human bone marrow diseases, such as acute hematopoietic radiation injury. However, the manufacturing of human hematopoietic organoids is an unaddressed challenge because of the complexity of hematopoietic tissues. METHODS To manufacture hematopoietic organoids, we obtained CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) using stepwise induction and immunomagnetic bead-sorting. We then mixed these CD34+ HSPCs with niche-related cells in Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) to form a three-dimensional (3D) hematopoietic organoid. Additionally, we investigated the effects of radiation damage and response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in hematopoietic organoids. RESULTS The GelMA hydrogel maintained the undifferentiated state of hESCs-derived HSPCs by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The established hematopoietic organoids in GelMA with niche-related cells were composed of HSPCs and multilineage blood cells and demonstrated the adherence of hematopoietic cells to niche cells. Notably, these hematopoietic organoids exhibited radiation-induced hematopoietic cell injury effect, including increased intracellular ROS levels, γ-H2AX positive cell percentages, and hematopoietic cell apoptosis percentages. Moreover, G-CSF supplementation in the culture medium significantly improved the survival of HSPCs and enhanced myeloid cell regeneration in these hematopoietic organoids after radiation. CONCLUSIONS These findings substantiate the successful manufacture of a preliminary 3D hematopoietic organoid from hESCs-derived HSPCs, which was utilized for modeling hematopoietic radiation injury and assessing the radiation-mitigating effects of G-CSF in vitro. Our study provides opportunities to further aid in the standard and scalable production of hematopoietic organoids for disease modeling and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Hebei University, Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yunqiao Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xumin Wu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Hebei University, Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yanhua Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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2
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Frenz-Wiessner S, Fairley SD, Buser M, Goek I, Salewskij K, Jonsson G, Illig D, Zu Putlitz B, Petersheim D, Li Y, Chen PH, Kalauz M, Conca R, Sterr M, Geuder J, Mizoguchi Y, Megens RTA, Linder MI, Kotlarz D, Rudelius M, Penninger JM, Marr C, Klein C. Generation of complex bone marrow organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Methods 2024; 21:868-881. [PMID: 38374263 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The human bone marrow (BM) niche sustains hematopoiesis throughout life. We present a method for generating complex BM-like organoids (BMOs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). BMOs consist of key cell types that self-organize into spatially defined three-dimensional structures mimicking cellular, structural and molecular characteristics of the hematopoietic microenvironment. Functional properties of BMOs include the presence of an in vivo-like vascular network, the presence of multipotent mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, the support of neutrophil differentiation and responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a heterocellular composition including the presence of a hematopoietic stem/progenitor (HSPC) cluster expressing genes of fetal HSCs. BMO-derived HSPCs also exhibited lymphoid potential and a subset demonstrated transient engraftment potential upon xenotransplantation in mice. We show that the BMOs could enable the modeling of hematopoietic developmental aspects and inborn errors of hematopoiesis, as shown for human VPS45 deficiency. Thus, iPSC-derived BMOs serve as a physiologically relevant in vitro model of the human BM microenvironment to study hematopoietic development and BM diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Frenz-Wiessner
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Savannah D Fairley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Buser
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Goek
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirill Salewskij
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustav Jonsson
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Illig
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedicta Zu Putlitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Petersheim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pin-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Kalauz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaele Conca
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Geuder
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yoko Mizoguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika I Linder
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Ilic J, Koelbl C, Simon F, Wußmann M, Ebert R, Trivanovic D, Herrmann M. Liquid Overlay and Collagen-Based Three-Dimensional Models for In Vitro Investigation of Multiple Myeloma. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024. [PMID: 38545771 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) clones reside in the bone marrow (BM), which plays a role in its survival and development. The interactions between MM and their neighboring mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to promote MM growth and drug resistance. However, those interactions are often missing or misrepresented in traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture models. Application of novel three-dimensional (3D) models might recapitulate the BM niche more precisely, which will offer new insights into MM progression and survival. Here, we aimed to establish two 3D models, based on MSC spheroids and collagen droplets incorporating both MM cells and MSCs with the goal of replicating the native myeloma context of the BM niche. This approach revealed that although MSCs can spontaneously assemble spheroids with altered metabolic traits, MSC spheroid culture does not support the integration of MM cells. On the contrary, collagen-droplet culture supported the growth of both cell types. In collagen, MSC proliferation was reduced, with the correlating decrease in ATP production and Ki-67 expression, which might resemble in vivo conditions, rather than 2D abundance of nutrients and space. MSCs and MMs were distributed homogenously throughout the collagen droplet, with an apparent CXCL12 expression in MSCs. In addition, the response of MM cells to bortezomib was substantially reduced in collagen, indicating the importance of 3D culture in the investigation of myeloma cell behavior, as drug resistance is one of the most pertinent issues in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Ilic
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Koelbl
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Simon
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Wußmann
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies TLZ-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Drenka Trivanovic
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Drenka Trivanovic to Institute for Medical Research, Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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4
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Mina A, Pavletic S, Aplan PD. The evolution of preclinical models for myelodysplastic neoplasms. Leukemia 2024; 38:683-691. [PMID: 38396286 PMCID: PMC10997513 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS) are a group of clonal disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and morphologic dysplasia. Clinical manifestations of MDS vary widely and are dictated in large part by a range of genetic aberrations. The lack of robust in vitro models for MDS has limited the ability to conduct high throughput drug screens, which in turn has hampered the development of novel therapies for MDS. There are very few well-characterized MDS cell lines, and the available cell lines expand poorly in vitro. Conventional xenograft mouse models can provide an in vivo vessel to provide growth of cancer cells, but human MDS cells engraft poorly. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffold models that form human "ossicles" represent a promising new approach and can reproduce the intricate communication between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their environment. Genetically engineered mice utilize specific mutations and may not represent the entire array of human MDS; however, genetically engineered mice provided in vivo proof of principle for novel agents such as luspatercept, demonstrating the clinical utility of this approach. This review offers an overview of available preclinical MDS models and potential approaches to accelerate accurate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Mina
- Myeloid Malignancies Program, Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Steven Pavletic
- Myeloid Malignancies Program, Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Aplan
- Myeloid Malignancies Program, Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Olijnik AA, Rodriguez-Romera A, Wong ZC, Shen Y, Reyat JS, Jooss NJ, Rayes J, Psaila B, Khan AO. Generating human bone marrow organoids for disease modeling and drug discovery. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00971-7. [PMID: 38532070 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The bone marrow supports and regulates hematopoiesis, responding to physiological requirements for blood cell production over ontogeny and during pathological challenges. Interactions between hematopoietic cells and niche components are challenging to study mechanistically in the human context, but are important to delineate in order to explore the pathobiology of blood and bone marrow disorders. Organoids are proving transformative in many research settings, but an accurate human bone marrow model incorporating multiple hematopoietic and stromal elements has been lacking. This protocol describes a method to generate three-dimensional, multilineage bone marrow organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), detailing the steps for the directed differentiation of hiPSCs using a series of cytokine cocktails and hydrogel embedding. Over 18 days of differentiation, hiPSCs yield the key lineages that are present in central myelopoietic bone marrow, organized in a well-vascularized architecture that resembles native hematopoietic tissues. This presents a robust, in vitro system that can model healthy and perturbed hematopoiesis in a scalable three-dimensional microenvironment. Bone marrow organoids also support the growth of immortalized cell lines and primary cells from healthy donors and patients with myeloid and lymphoid cancers, including cell types that are poorly viable in standard culture systems. Moreover, we discuss assays for the characterization of organoids, including interrogation of pathogenic remodeling using recombinant TGF-ß treatment, and methods for organoid engraftment with exogenous cells. This protocol can be readily adapted to specific experimental requirements, can be easily implemented by users with tissue culture experience and does not require access to specialist equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude-Anais Olijnik
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Romera
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zoë C Wong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuqi Shen
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jasmeet S Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie J Jooss
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bethan Psaila
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Abdullah O Khan
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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6
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Bandyopadhyay S, Duffy M, Ahn KJ, Pang M, Smith D, Duncan G, Sussman J, Zhang I, Huang J, Lin Y, Xiong B, Imtiaz T, Chen CH, Thadi A, Chen C, Xu J, Reichart M, Pillai V, Snaith O, Oldridge D, Bhattacharyya S, Maillard I, Carroll M, Nelson C, Qin L, Tan K. Mapping the Cellular Biogeography of Human Bone Marrow Niches Using Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Proteomic Imaging. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.14.585083. [PMID: 38559168 PMCID: PMC10979999 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The bone marrow is the organ responsible for blood production. Diverse non-hematopoietic cells contribute essentially to hematopoiesis. However, these cells and their spatial organization remain largely uncharacterized as they have been technically challenging to study in humans. Here, we used fresh femoral head samples and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to profile 29,325 enriched non-hematopoietic bone marrow cells and discover nine transcriptionally distinct subtypes. We next employed CO-detection by inDEXing (CODEX) multiplexed imaging of 18 individuals, including both healthy and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples, to spatially profile over one million single cells with a novel 53-antibody panel. We discovered a relatively hyperoxygenated arterio-endosteal niche for early myelopoiesis, and an adipocytic, but not endosteal or perivascular, niche for early hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We used our atlas to predict cell type labels in new bone marrow images and used these predictions to uncover mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) expansion and leukemic blast/MSC-enriched spatial neighborhoods in AML patient samples. Our work represents the first comprehensive, spatially-resolved multiomic atlas of human bone marrow and will serve as a reference for future investigation of cellular interactions that drive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovik Bandyopadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Duffy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kyung Jin Ahn
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Minxing Pang
- Applied Mathematics & Computational Science Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Smith
- Center for Single Cell Biology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gwendolyn Duncan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan Sussman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Iris Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yulieh Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Barbara Xiong
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tamjid Imtiaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anusha Thadi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Changya Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason Xu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Melissa Reichart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vinodh Pillai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Oraine Snaith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Derek Oldridge
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Siddharth Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martin Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Single Cell Biology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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7
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Verbruggen SW, Freeman CL, Freeman FE. Utilizing 3D Models to Unravel the Dynamics of Myeloma Plasma Cells' Escape from the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:889. [PMID: 38473251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advancements have markedly increased the survival rates of individuals with multiple myeloma (MM), doubling survival compared to pre-2000 estimates. This progress, driven by highly effective novel agents, suggests a growing population of MM survivors exceeding the 10-year mark post-diagnosis. However, contemporary clinical observations indicate potential trends toward more aggressive relapse phenotypes, characterized by extramedullary disease and dominant proliferative clones, despite these highly effective treatments. To build upon these advances, it is crucial to develop models of MM evolution, particularly focusing on understanding the biological mechanisms behind its development outside the bone marrow. This comprehensive understanding is essential to devising innovative treatment strategies. This review emphasizes the role of 3D models, specifically addressing the bone marrow microenvironment and development of extramedullary sites. It explores the current state-of-the-art in MM modelling, highlighting challenges in replicating the disease's complexity. Recognizing the unique demand for accurate models, the discussion underscores the potential impact of these advanced 3D models on understanding and combating this heterogeneous and still incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan W Verbruggen
- Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Center for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Ciara L Freeman
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Fiona E Freeman
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Engineering and Materials Science Centre, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Flosdorf N, Böhnke J, de Toledo MAS, Lutterbach N, Lerma VG, Graßhoff M, Olschok K, Gupta S, Tharmapalan V, Schmitz S, Götz K, Schüler HM, Maurer A, Sontag S, Küstermann C, Seré K, Wagner W, Costa IG, Brümmendorf TH, Koschmieder S, Chatain N, Castilho M, Schneider RK, Zenke M. Proinflammatory phenotype of iPS cell-derived JAK2 V617F megakaryocytes induces fibrosis in 3D in vitro bone marrow niche. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:224-238. [PMID: 38278152 PMCID: PMC10874863 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The myeloproliferative disease polycythemia vera (PV) driven by the JAK2 V617F mutation can transform into myelofibrosis (post-PV-MF). It remains an open question how JAK2 V617F in hematopoietic stem cells induces MF. Megakaryocytes are major players in murine PV models but are difficult to study in the human setting. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from JAK2 V617F PV patients and differentiated them into megakaryocytes. In differentiation assays, JAK2 V617F iPSCs recapitulated the pathognomonic skewed megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation. JAK2 V617F iPSCs had a TPO-independent and increased propensity to differentiate into megakaryocytes. RNA sequencing of JAK2 V617F iPSC-derived megakaryocytes reflected a proinflammatory, profibrotic phenotype and decreased ribosome biogenesis. In three-dimensional (3D) coculture, JAK2 V617F megakaryocytes induced a profibrotic phenotype through direct cell contact, which was reversed by the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. The 3D coculture system opens the perspective for further disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Flosdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Janik Böhnke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcelo A S de Toledo
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Niklas Lutterbach
- Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanesa Gómez Lerma
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Graßhoff
- Institute of Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Olschok
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Siddharth Gupta
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vithurithra Tharmapalan
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Schmitz
- Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katrin Götz
- Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Herdit M Schüler
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genome Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, Medical Faculty, and University Hospital Düsseldorf Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Maurer
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Sontag
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Caroline Küstermann
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristin Seré
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute of Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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9
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Meaker GA, Wilkinson AC. Ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell expansion technologies: recent progress, applications, and open questions. Exp Hematol 2024; 130:104136. [PMID: 38072133 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare but potent cell type that support life-long hematopoiesis and stably regenerate the entire blood and immune system following transplantation. HSC transplantation represents a mainstay treatment for various diseases of the blood and immune systems. The ex vivo expansion and manipulation of HSCs therefore represents an important approach to ask biological questions in experimental hematology and to help improve clinical HSC transplantation therapies. However, it has remained challenging to expand transplantable HSCs ex vivo. This review summarizes recent progress in ex vivo HSC expansion technologies and their applications to biological and clinical problems and discusses current questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Meaker
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Zhang Y, Li G, Wang J, Zhou F, Ren X, Su J. Small Joint Organoids 3D Bioprinting: Construction Strategy and Application. Small 2024; 20:e2302506. [PMID: 37814373 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that causes pain and disability in adults, affecting ≈300 million people worldwide. It is caused by damage to cartilage, including cellular inflammation and destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to limited self-repairing ability due to the lack of blood vessels and nerves in the cartilage tissue. Organoid technology has emerged as a promising approach for cartilage repair, but constructing joint organoids with their complex structures and special mechanisms is still challenging. To overcome these boundaries, 3D bioprinting technology allows for the precise design of physiologically relevant joint organoids, including shape, structure, mechanical properties, cellular arrangement, and biological cues to mimic natural joint tissue. In this review, the authors will introduce the biological structure of joint tissues, summarize key procedures in 3D bioprinting for cartilage repair, and propose strategies for constructing joint organoids using 3D bioprinting. The authors also discuss the challenges of using joint organoids' approaches and perspectives on their future applications, opening opportunities to model joint tissues and response to joint disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200941, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fengjin Zhou
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Ren
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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11
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Zhou Z, Liu J, Xiong T, Liu Y, Tuan RS, Li ZA. Engineering Innervated Musculoskeletal Tissues for Regenerative Orthopedics and Disease Modeling. Small 2024:e2310614. [PMID: 38200684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders significantly burden patients and society, resulting in high healthcare costs and productivity loss. These disorders are the leading cause of physical disability, and their prevalence is expected to increase as sedentary lifestyles become common and the global population of the elderly increases. Proper innervation is critical to maintaining MSK function, and nerve damage or dysfunction underlies various MSK disorders, underscoring the potential of restoring nerve function in MSK disorder treatment. However, most MSK tissue engineering strategies have overlooked the significance of innervation. This review first expounds upon innervation in the MSK system and its importance in maintaining MSK homeostasis and functions. This will be followed by strategies for engineering MSK tissues that induce post-implantation in situ innervation or are pre-innervated. Subsequently, research progress in modeling MSK disorders using innervated MSK organoids and organs-on-chips (OoCs) is analyzed. Finally, the future development of engineering innervated MSK tissues to treat MSK disorders and recapitulate disease mechanisms is discussed. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying principles, engineering methods, and applications of innervated MSK tissues, paving the way for the development of targeted, efficacious therapies for various MSK conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tiandi Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
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12
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Chau CW, Sugimura R. Organoids in COVID-19: can we break the glass ceiling? J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:85-99. [PMID: 37616269 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in September 2020 as a disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The disease presented as pneumonia at first but later was shown to cause multisystem infections and long-term complications. Many efforts have been put into discovering the exact pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we aim to discuss an emerging tool in disease modeling, organoids, in the investigation of COVID-19. This review will introduce some methods and breakthroughs achieved by organoids and the limitations of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Wang Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, 17 Science Park W Ave, Science Park 999077, Hong Kong
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13
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Campanile M, Bettinelli L, Cerutti C, Spinetti G. Bone marrow vasculature advanced in vitro models for cancer and cardiovascular research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1261849. [PMID: 37915743 PMCID: PMC10616801 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1261849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases and cancer are among the most common diseases worldwide and are a serious concern to the healthcare system. These conditions, apparently distant, share common molecular and cellular determinants, that can represent targets for preventive and therapeutic approaches. The bone marrow plays an important role in this context as it is the main source of cells involved in cardiovascular regeneration, and one of the main sites of liquid and solid tumor metastasis, both characterized by the cellular trafficking across the bone marrow vasculature. The bone marrow vasculature has been widely studied in animal models, however, it is clear the need for human-specific in vitro models, that resemble the bone vasculature lined by endothelial cells to study the molecular mechanisms governing cell trafficking. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on in vitro models of bone marrow vasculature developed for cardiovascular and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Campanile
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bettinelli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS-IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Cerutti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS-IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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14
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Qing J, Guo Q, Lv L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Heng BC, Li Z, Zhang P, Zhou Y. Organoid Culture Development for Skeletal Systems. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2023; 29:545-557. [PMID: 37183418 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are widely considered to be ideal in vitro models that have been widely applied in many fields, including regenerative medicine, disease research and drug screening. It is distinguished from other three-dimensional in vitro culture model systems by self-organization and sustainability in long-term culture. The three core components of organoid culture are cells, exogenous factors, and culture matrix. Due to the complexity of bone tissue, and heterogeneity of osteogenic stem/progenitor cells, it is challenging to construct organoids for modeling skeletal systems. In this study, we examine current progress in the development of skeletal system organoid culture systems and analyze the current research status of skeletal stem cells, their microenvironmental factors, and various potential organoid culture matrix candidates to provide cues for future research trajectory in this field. Impact Statement The emergence of organoids has brought new opportunities for the development of many biomedical fields. The bone organoid field still has much room for exploration. This review discusses the characteristics distinguishing organoids from other three-dimensional model systems and examines current progress in the organoid production of skeletal systems. In addition, based on core elements of organoid cultures, three main problems that need to be solved in bone organoid generation are further analyzed. These include the heterogeneity of skeletal stem cells, their microenvironmental factors, and potential organoid culture matrix candidates. This information provides direction for the future research of bone organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- The Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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15
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Johnson PA, Ackerman JE, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Coles M, Buckley CD, Dakin SG. Three-dimensional, in-vitro approaches for modelling soft-tissue joint diseases. Lancet Rheumatol 2023; 5:e553-e563. [PMID: 38251499 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Diseases affecting the soft tissues of the joint represent a considerable global health burden, causing pain and disability and increasing the likelihood of developing metabolic comorbidities. Current approaches to investigating the cellular basis of joint diseases, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tendinopathy, and arthrofibrosis, involve well phenotyped human tissues, animal disease models, and in-vitro tissue culture models. Inherent challenges in preclinical drug discovery have driven the development of state-of-the-art, in-vitro human tissue models to rapidly advance therapeutic target discovery. The clinical potential of such models has been substantiated through successful recapitulation of the pathobiology of cancers, generating accurate predictions of patient responses to therapeutics and providing a basis for equivalent musculoskeletal models. In this Review, we discuss the requirement to develop physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) culture systems that could advance understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of diseases that affect the soft tissues of the joint. We discuss the practicalities and challenges associated with modelling the complex extracellular matrix of joint tissues-including cartilage, synovium, tendon, and ligament-highlighting the importance of considering the joint as a whole organ to encompass crosstalk across tissues and between diverse cell types. The design of bespoke in-vitro models for soft-tissue joint diseases has the potential to inform functional studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying disease onset, progression, and resolution. Use of these models could inform precision therapeutic targeting and advance the field towards personalised medicine for patients with common musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica E Ackerman
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mark Coles
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Colom Díaz PA, Mistry JJ, Trowbridge JJ. Hematopoietic stem cell aging and leukemia transformation. Blood 2023; 142:533-542. [PMID: 36800569 PMCID: PMC10447482 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have an impaired ability to regenerate, differentiate, and produce an entire repertoire of mature blood and immune cells. Owing to dysfunctional hematopoiesis, the incidence of hematologic malignancies increases among elderly individuals. Here, we provide an update on HSC-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors and processes that were recently discovered to contribute to the functional decline of HSCs during aging. In addition, we discuss the targets and timing of intervention approaches to maintain HSC function during aging and the extent to which these same targets may prevent or delay transformation to hematologic malignancies.
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17
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Huang J, Zhang L, Lu A, Liang C. Organoids as Innovative Models for Bone and Joint Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1590. [PMID: 37371060 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the key components of the musculoskeletal system. Bone and joint disease are the fourth most widespread disease, in addition to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, which seriously affect people's quality of life. Bone organoids seem to be a great model by which to promote the research method, which further could improve the treatment of bone and joint disease in the future. Here, we introduce the various bone and joint diseases and their biology, and the conditions of organoid culture, comparing the in vitro models among 2D, 3D, and organoids. We summarize the differing potential methods for culturing bone-related organoids from pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells, or progenitor cells, and discuss the current and promising bone disease organoids for drug screening and precision medicine. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and difficulties encountered in the application of bone organoids and look to the future in order to present potential methods via which bone organoids might advance organoid construction and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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18
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Yang F, Nourse C, Helgason GV, Kirschner K. Unraveling Heterogeneity in the Aging Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment: An Insight From Single-cell Approaches. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e895. [PMID: 37304939 PMCID: PMC10256339 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific cell types and, therefore, organs respond differently during aging. This is also true for the hematopoietic system, where it has been demonstrated that hematopoietic stem cells alter a variety of features, such as their metabolism, and accumulate DNA damage, which can lead to clonal outgrowth over time. In addition, profound changes in the bone marrow microenvironment upon aging lead to senescence in certain cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells and result in increased inflammation. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to pinpoint the molecular drivers of organismal aging gained from bulk approaches, such as RNA sequencing. A better understanding of the heterogeneity underlying the aging process in the hematopoietic compartment is, therefore, needed. With the advances of single-cell technologies in recent years, it is now possible to address fundamental questions of aging. In this review, we discuss how single-cell approaches can and indeed are already being used to understand changes observed during aging in the hematopoietic compartment. We will touch on established and novel methods for flow cytometric detection, single-cell culture approaches, and single-cell omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Nourse
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - G. Vignir Helgason
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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19
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Di Buduo CA, Miguel CP, Balduini A. Inside-to-outside and back to the future of megakaryopoiesis. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100197. [PMID: 37416054 PMCID: PMC10320384 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A State of the Art lecture titled "Megakaryocytes and different thrombopoietic environments" was presented at the ISTH Congress in 2022. Circulating platelets are specialized cells produced by megakaryocytes. Leading studies point to the bone marrow niche as the core of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, revealing interesting and complex environmental factors for consideration. Megakaryocytes take cues from the physiochemical bone marrow microenvironment, which includes cell-cell interactions, contact with extracellular matrix components, and flow generated by blood circulation in the sinusoidal lumen. Germinal and acquired mutations in hematopoietic stem cells may manifest in altered megakaryocyte maturation, proliferation, and platelet production. Diseased megakaryopoiesis may also cause modifications of the entire hematopoietic niche, highlighting the central role of megakaryocytes in the control of physiologic bone marrow homeostasis. Tissue-engineering approaches have been developed to translate knowledge from in vivo (inside) to functional mimics of native tissue ex vivo (outside). Reproducing the thrombopoietic environment is instrumental to gain new insight into its activity and answering the growing demand for human platelets for fundamental studies and clinical applications. In this review, we discuss the major achievements on this topic, and finally, we summarize relevant new data presented during the 2022 ISTH Congress that pave the road to the future of megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Zhao J, Fong A, Seow SV, Toh HC. Organoids as an Enabler of Precision Immuno-Oncology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081165. [PMID: 37190074 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the dawn of the past century, landmark discoveries in cell-mediated immunity have led to a greater understanding of the innate and adaptive immune systems and revolutionised the treatment of countless diseases, including cancer. Today, precision immuno-oncology (I/O) involves not only targeting immune checkpoints that inhibit T-cell immunity but also harnessing immune cell therapies. The limited efficacy in some cancers results mainly from a complex tumour microenvironment (TME) that, in addition to adaptive immune cells, comprises innate myeloid and lymphoid cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and the tumour vasculature that contribute towards immune evasion. As the complexity of TME has called for more sophisticated human-based tumour models, organoids have allowed the dynamic study of spatiotemporal interactions between tumour cells and individual TME cell types. Here, we discuss how organoids can study the TME across cancers and how these features may improve precision I/O. We outline the approaches to preserve or recapitulate the TME in tumour organoids and discuss their potential, advantages, and limitations. We will discuss future directions of organoid research in understanding cancer immunology in-depth and identifying novel I/O targets and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhao
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
- Doctor of Medicine Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Antoinette Fong
- Doctor of Medicine Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - See Voon Seow
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
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21
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El Harane S, Zidi B, El Harane N, Krause KH, Matthes T, Preynat-Seauve O. Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071001. [PMID: 37048073 PMCID: PMC10093533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air-liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bochra Zidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Bozhilov YK, Hsu I, Brown EJ, Wilkinson AC. In Vitro Human Haematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:896. [PMID: 36980237 PMCID: PMC10046976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic system plays an essential role in our health and survival. It is comprised of a range of mature blood and immune cell types, including oxygen-carrying erythrocytes, platelet-producing megakaryocytes and infection-fighting myeloid and lymphoid cells. Self-renewing multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and a range of intermediate haematopoietic progenitor cell types differentiate into these mature cell types to continuously support haematopoietic system homeostasis throughout life. This process of haematopoiesis is tightly regulated in vivo and primarily takes place in the bone marrow. Over the years, a range of in vitro culture systems have been developed, either to expand haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells or to differentiate them into the various haematopoietic lineages, based on the use of recombinant cytokines, co-culture systems and/or small molecules. These approaches provide important tractable models to study human haematopoiesis in vitro. Additionally, haematopoietic cell culture systems are being developed and clinical tested as a source of cell products for transplantation and transfusion medicine. This review discusses the in vitro culture protocols for human HSC expansion and differentiation, and summarises the key factors involved in these biological processes.
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23
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Abstract
Despite enormous advances, cardiovascular disorders are still a major threat to global health and are responsible for one-third of deaths worldwide. Research for new therapeutics and the investigation of their effects on vascular parameters is often limited by species-specific pathways and a lack of high-throughput methods. The complex 3-dimensional environment of blood vessels, intricate cellular crosstalks, and organ-specific architectures further complicate the quest for a faithful human in vitro model. The development of novel organoid models of various tissues such as brain, gut, and kidney signified a leap for the field of personalized medicine and disease research. By utilizing either embryonic- or patient-derived stem cells, different developmental and pathological mechanisms can be modeled and investigated in a controlled in vitro environment. We have recently developed self-organizing human capillary blood vessel organoids that recapitulate key processes of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and diabetic vasculopathy. Since then, this organoid system has been utilized as a model for other disease processes, refined, and adapted for organ specificity. In this review, we will discuss novel and alternative approaches to blood vessel engineering and explore the cellular identity of engineered blood vessels in comparison to in vivo vasculature. Future perspectives and the therapeutic potential of blood vessel organoids will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Salewskij
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna (K.S., J.M.P.).,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria (K.S.)
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna (K.S., J.M.P.).,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.M.P.)
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24
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Derecka M, Crispino JD. Bone Marrow Avatars: Mimicking Hematopoiesis in a Dish. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:263-265. [PMID: 36744319 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Faithful recapitulation of human bone marrow complexity has been a major challenge for the sci-entific community for many years. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Khan and colleagues present an improved induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocol that generates bone marrow organoids re-creating key characteristics of human marrow. See related article by Khan et al., p. 364 (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Derecka
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John D Crispino
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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