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Skugor K, Gilic B, Mladenovic M, Stajer V, Roklicer R, Slacanac K, Bagaric D, Karnincic H. Motivation Profile of Youth Greco-Roman Wrestlers; Differences According to Performance Quality. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020043. [PMID: 36828328 PMCID: PMC9962245 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Athletes have to possess high motivation levels to perform each training session and competition at the highest level. Thus, the motivation of the wrestler is essential to reach the highest performance quality. The research included 47 Greco-Roman wrestlers aged 17.71 ± 1.62 years. Variables included anthropometric indices, sports motivation assessed by the revised Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II), and competitive success (medal winners and non-winners at the National Championship). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients checked the internal consistency of the SMS-II. Differences between performance quality were determined by Cohen's d effect sizes, and MANOVA for motivation and anthropometric variables/body build variables. In the total sample, wrestlers had high levels of intrinsic motivation (5.97 ± 0.90), integrated (5.99 ± 0.83), and identified (6.08 ± 0.82) regulation, while they had low amotivation (2.53 ± 0.98) and external regulation (3.26 ± 1.24). Successful wrestlers had significantly higher intrinsic motivation than less successful wrestlers (Cohen's d = 0.76, moderate effect size). Results evidenced that wrestlers have high self-determined motivation, which is vital for maximal performance and persisting in sports. Future research should investigate wrestlers from other age groups to ultimately determine the sport motivation profile of wrestlers and enable their optimal sports development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kreso Skugor
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Marijana Mladenovic
- College of Sports and Health, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valdemar Stajer
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Roberto Roklicer
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Domagoj Bagaric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Karnincic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Amaro N, Monteiro D, Rodrigues F, Matos R, Jacinto M, Cavaco B, Jorge S, Antunes R. Task-Involving Motivational Climate and Enjoyment in Youth Male Football Athletes: The Mediation Role of Self-Determined Motivation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3044. [PMID: 36833738 PMCID: PMC9966829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at examining the mediation role of self-determined motivation (identified and integrated regulation and intrinsic motivation) in the association between task-involving climate and enjoyment in youth male football athletes. METHODS A total of 109 youth males (M = 14.38; SD = 1.55) were recruited to participate in this study. The survey included sociodemographic data and validated instruments such as the Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale, the Behavioral Regulation Sport Questionnaire, and the Sports Enjoyment Scale. RESULTS The results showed that the task-involving climate was a positive and significant predictor of integrated regulation and intrinsic motivation. In addition, integrated regulation and intrinsic motivation were positive and significant predictors of enjoyment. The results of the mediation analysis revealed a partial mediation role of self-determined motivation in the relationship between task-involving climate and enjoyment. Significant indirect effects only occurred through intrinsic motivation. CONCLUSIONS Providing higher levels of enjoyment in the sport context could be an excellent option for leisure activities for children and youth, as long as self-determined motivation and task-involving climates provided by the coaches are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Amaro
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-558 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Miguel Jacinto
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | | | - Sandro Jorge
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Raúl Antunes
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), 2415-396 Leiria, Portugal
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Cid L, Monteiro D, Teixeira DS, Evmenenko A, Andrade A, Bento T, Vitorino A, Couto N, Rodrigues F. Assessment in Sport and Exercise Psychology: Considerations and Recommendations for Translation and Validation of Questionnaires. Front Psychol 2022; 13:806176. [PMID: 35360588 PMCID: PMC8963805 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.806176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating and validating measurement instruments in sport and exercise psychology is not an easy task. Rather, it is a task that requires effort and time, for the process is not limited to a simple translation to translate words from one language to another, just in order to make valid and reliable measure. All researchers should be aware that the only proper way is to adopt rigorous and robust methodologies to conduct the process from the preliminary stage of translation to reaching the validation stage of the psychological variable. Only so is it possible to avoid creating fragile and inadequate psychological assessment instruments that can jeopardize the entire investigation to be held with its use. Thus, the main objective of this work is to promote reflection and discussion on the subject by presenting some considerations and recommendations about translation and validation of questionnaires for psychological assessment applied to sport and exercise domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cid
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Luis Cid,
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Diogo Santos Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anastasiia Evmenenko
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Andrade
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Bento
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Anabela Vitorino
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Nuno Couto
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- Quality of Life Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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Barreira J, Amaro AS, Borges K, Luque LL, Fernandes PT. Internal consistency of the Sport Motivation Scale-II Questionnaire in the Brazilian context: potentialities and limitations. Motriz: rev educ fis 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220010721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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