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Sotoudeh A, Darbemamieh G, Goodarzi V, Shojaei S, Asefnejad A. Tissue engineering needs new biomaterials: Poly(xylitol-dodecanedioic acid)–co-polylactic acid (PXDDA-co-PLA) and its nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kodigepalli KM, Thatcher K, West T, Howsmon DP, Schoen FJ, Sacks MS, Breuer CK, Lincoln J. Biology and Biomechanics of the Heart Valve Extracellular Matrix. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:E57. [PMID: 33339213 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart valves are dynamic structures that, in the average human, open and close over 100,000 times per day, and 3 × 109 times per lifetime to maintain unidirectional blood flow. Efficient, coordinated movement of the valve structures during the cardiac cycle is mediated by the intricate and sophisticated network of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that provide the necessary biomechanical properties to meet these mechanical demands. Organized in layers that accommodate passive functional movements of the valve leaflets, heart valve ECM is synthesized during embryonic development, and remodeled and maintained by resident cells throughout life. The failure of ECM organization compromises biomechanical function, and may lead to obstruction or leaking, which if left untreated can lead to heart failure. At present, effective treatment for heart valve dysfunction is limited and frequently ends with surgical repair or replacement, which comes with insuperable complications for many high-risk patients including aged and pediatric populations. Therefore, there is a critical need to fully appreciate the pathobiology of biomechanical valve failure in order to develop better, alternative therapies. To date, the majority of studies have focused on delineating valve disease mechanisms at the cellular level, namely the interstitial and endothelial lineages. However, less focus has been on the ECM, shown previously in other systems, to be a promising mechanism-inspired therapeutic target. Here, we highlight and review the biology and biomechanical contributions of key components of the heart valve ECM. Furthermore, we discuss how human diseases, including connective tissue disorders lead to aberrations in the abundance, organization and quality of these matrix proteins, resulting in instability of the valve infrastructure and gross functional impairment.
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Long L, Wu C, Hu X, Wang Y. Biodegradable synthetic polymeric composite scaffold‐based tissue engineered heart valve with minimally invasive transcatheter implantation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin‐yu Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Can Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xue‐feng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yun‐bing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Lei Y, Masjedi S, Ferdous Z. A study of extracellular matrix remodeling in aortic heart valves using a novel biaxial stretch bioreactor. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 75:351-8. [PMID: 28783560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In aortic valves, biaxial cyclic stretch is known to modulate cell differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and organization. We designed a novel bioreactor that can apply independent and precise stretch along radial and circumferential directions in a tissue culture environment. While this bioreactor can be used for either native or engineered tissues, this study determined matrix remodeling and strain distribution of aortic cusps after culturing under biaxial stretch for 14 days. The contents of collagen and glycosaminoglycans were determined using standard biochemical assays and compared with fresh controls. Strain fields in static cusps were more uniform than those in stretched cusps, which indicated degradation of the ECM fibers. The glycosaminoglycan content was significantly elevated in the static control as compared to fresh or stretched cusps, but no difference was observed in collagen content among the groups. The strain profile of freshly isolated fibrosa vs. ventricularis and left, right, and noncoronary cusps were also determined by Digital Image Correlation technique. Distinct strain patterns were observed under stretch on fibrosa and ventricularis sides and among the three cusps. This work highlights the critical role of the anisotropic ECM structure for proper functions of native aortic valves and the beneficial effects of biaxial stretch for maintenance of the native ECM structure.
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Masoumi N, Copper D, Chen P, Cubberley A, Guo K, Lin RZ, Ahmed B, Martin D, Aikawa E, Melero-Martin J, Mayer J. Elastomeric Fibrous Hybrid Scaffold Supports In Vitro and In Vivo Tissue Formation. Adv Funct Mater 2017; 27:1606614. [PMID: 32863817 PMCID: PMC7450820 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201606614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic materials with biomechanical properties resembling those of native tissues while providing an environment for cell growth and tissue formation, are vital for tissue engineering (TE). Mechanical anisotropy is an important property of native cardiovascular tissues and directly influences tissue function. This study reports fabrication of anisotropic cell-seeded constructs while retaining control over the construct's architecture and distribution of cells. Newly synthesized poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) is fabricated with a dry spinning technique to create anelastomeric fibrous scaffold that allows control of fiber diameter, porosity, and rate ofdegradation. To allow cell and tissue ingrowth, hybrid scaffolds with mesenchymalstem cells (MSCs) encapsulated in a photocrosslinkable hydrogel were developed. Culturing the cellularized scaffolds in a cyclic stretch/flexure bioreactor resulted in tissue formation and confirmed the scaffold's performance under mechanical stimulation. In vivo experiments showed that the hybrid scaffold is capable of withstanding physiological pressures when implanted as a patch in the pulmonary artery. Aligned tissue formation occurred on the scaffold luminal surface without macroscopic thrombus formation. This combination of a novel, anisotropic fibrous scaffold and a tunable native-like hydrogel for cellular encapsulation promoted formation of 3D tissue and provides a biologically functional composite scaffold for soft-tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Masoumi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dane Copper
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Cubberley
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Tepha, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bayoumi Ahmed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Elena Aikawa
- Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lei Y, Ferdous Z. Design considerations and challenges for mechanical stretch bioreactors in tissue engineering. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:543-53. [PMID: 26929197 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in average life expectancy and growing aging population, lack of functional grafts for replacement surgeries has become a severe problem. Engineered tissues are a promising alternative to this problem because they can mimic the physiological function of the native tissues and be cultured on demand. Cyclic stretch is important for developing many engineered tissues such as hearts, heart valves, muscles, and bones. Thus a variety of stretch bioreactors and corresponding scaffolds have been designed and tested to study the underlying mechanism of tissue formation and to optimize the mechanical conditions applied to the engineered tissues. In this review, we look at various designs of stretch bioreactors and common scaffolds and offer insights for future improvements in tissue engineering applications. First, we summarize the requirements and common configuration of stretch bioreactors. Next, we present the features of different actuating and motion transforming systems and their applications. Since most bioreactors must measure detailed distributions of loads and deformations on engineered tissues, techniques with high accuracy, precision, and frequency have been developed. We also cover the key points in designing culture chambers, nutrition exchanging systems, and regimens used for specific tissues. Since scaffolds are essential for providing biophysical microenvironments for residing cells, we discuss materials and technologies used in fabricating scaffolds to mimic anisotropic native tissues, including decellularized tissues, hydrogels, biocompatible polymers, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting techniques. Finally, we present the potential future directions for improving stretch bioreactors and scaffolds. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:543-553, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lei
- Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - Zannatul Ferdous
- Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
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Kamel PI, Qu X, Geiszler AM, Nagrath D, Harmancey R, Taegtmeyer H, Grande-Allen KJ. Metabolic regulation of collagen gel contraction by porcine aortic valvular interstitial cells. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140852. [PMID: 25320066 PMCID: PMC4223906 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a high incidence of calcific aortic valve disease in metabolic syndrome, there is little information about the fundamental metabolism of heart valves. Cell metabolism is a first responder to chemical and mechanical stimuli, but it is unknown how such signals employed in valve tissue engineering impact valvular interstitial cell (VIC) biology and valvular disease pathogenesis. In this study porcine aortic VICs were seeded into three-dimensional collagen gels and analysed for gel contraction, lactate production and glucose consumption in response to manipulation of metabolic substrates, including glucose, galactose, pyruvate and glutamine. Cell viability was also assessed in two-dimensional culture. We found that gel contraction was sensitive to metabolic manipulation, particularly in nutrient-depleted medium. Contraction was optimal at an intermediate glucose concentration (2 g l(-1)) with less contraction with excess (4.5 g l(-1)) or reduced glucose (1 g l(-1)). Substitution with galactose delayed contraction and decreased lactate production. In low sugar concentrations, pyruvate depletion reduced contraction. Glutamine depletion reduced cell metabolism and viability. Our results suggest that nutrient depletion and manipulation of metabolic substrates impacts the viability, metabolism and contractile behaviour of VICs. Particularly, hyperglycaemic conditions can reduce VIC interaction with and remodelling of the extracellular matrix. These results begin to link VIC metabolism and macroscopic behaviour such as cell-matrix interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Xin Qu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Andrew M Geiszler
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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