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Zhang D, Wu G, Yang L, Wu Q, Yuan L. The predictive significance of a 5-m6A RNA methylation regulator signature in colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20172. [PMID: 37810844 PMCID: PMC10550633 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer attacks the colon or rectum, with increasing morbidity and mortality globally. The RNA modification 6-methyladenine (m6A) is related to RNA modifications, playing a critical role in colorectal cancer. We aimed to identify prognostic signatures for colorectal cancer using risk prediction algorithms, and to validate these signatures using independent datasets and clinical samples. In this study, 175 cases in GSE17536 were assigned into two clusters using consistent clustering and PCA analysis. A multivariate Cox risk regression model revealed that among 21 m6A RNA methylation regulators, RBM15B, FTO, IGF2BP2, ZCCHC4, and KIAA1429 were remarkably associated with colorectal cancer patients' overall survival (OS); however, Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival assessment showed no significant association between these five regulators and colorectal cancer patients' prognosis. A 5-m6A RNA methylation regulator signature was established using LASSO algorithm. Risk scores of cases in GSE17536, GSE17537 and GSE75500 were calculated, and lower risk scores were associated with better DSS/OS. receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the nomogram revealed the satisfactory predictive efficiency of the risk score model. The risk score could distinguish cases in Cluster1 and Cluster2 and normal and tumor tissues based on GSE37182. The prognostic variables for colorectal cancer patients were assessed using both univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression models, which revealed that the stage and risk score were significant risk factors. In this study, a comprehensive set of integrative bioinformatics analyses was conducted to investigate the prognostic and diagnostic potential of a panel of 5 m6A RNA methylated regulators in colorectal cancer patients. The conducted studies included the use of several statistical methods, such as the LASSO regression model, KM survival evaluation, ROC curve, and univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analyses. The findings from these analyses collectively established the prognostic marker, highlighting its significance in predicting patient outcomes and diagnosing colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Guotao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lichao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lianwen Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Qu X, Tan H, Mao J, Yang M, Xu J, Yan X, Wu W. Identification of a novel prognostic signature correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, N6-methyladenosine modification, and immune infiltration in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5926-5938. [PMID: 36281556 PMCID: PMC10028107 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly diagnosed human malignancy worldwide. Both epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification play a crucial role in CRC development. This study aimed to construct a prognostic signature based on the genes related to EMT and m6A modification. METHOD Firstly, the mRNA expression profiling of CRC tissues was analyzed using TCGA and GEO databases. The prognostic hub genes related to EMT and m6A modification were selected using weighted correlation network and cox regression analysis. The prognostic signature was constructed based on hub genes, followed by validation in three external cohorts. Finally, the expression of the representative hub gene was detected in clinical samples, and its biological role was investigated using assays in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS A prognostic signature was constructed using the following genes: YAP1, FAM3C, NUBPL, GLO1, JARID2, NFKB1, CDKN1B, HOOK1, and GIPC2. The signature effectively stratified the clinical outcome of CRC patients in the training cohort and two validation cohorts. The subgroup analysis demonstrated the signature could identify high-risk population from CRC patients within stage I-II or III-IV, female, male and elder patients. The signature was correlated with the infiltration of some immune cells (such as macrophage and regulatory T cells) and gene mutation counts. Finally, the hub gene GIPC2 was found to be downregulated in CRC tissues and most CRC cells lines. GIPC2 overexpression inhibited the malignant characteristics of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo through upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail, while the opposite results were observed for GIPC2 knockdown in CRC cells. CONCLUSION Our present study for the first time constructed a novel prognostic signature related to EMT, m6A modification, and immune infiltration for CRC risk stratification. In addition, GIPC2 is identified as a promising clinical biomarker or therapeutical target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghong Tan
- Department of VIP Clinic, General Division, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Jingxian Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengxue Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Garg R, Melstrom L, Chen J, He C, Goel A. Targeting FTO Suppresses Pancreatic Carcinogenesis via Regulating Stem Cell Maintenance and EMT Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235919. [PMID: 36497402 PMCID: PMC9737034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification regulating cancer self-renewal. However, despite its functional importance and prognostic implication in tumorigenesis, the relevance of FTO, an m6A eraser, in pancreatic cancer (PC) remains elusive. Here, we establish the oncogenic role played by FTO overexpression in PC. FTO is upregulated in PC cells compared to normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. Both RNAi depletion and CS1-mediated pharmacological inhibition of FTO caused a diminution of PC cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and p21cip1 and p27kip1 induction. While HPDE cells remain insensitive to CS1 treatment, FTO overexpression confers enhancements in growth, motility, and EMT transition, thereby inculcating tumorigenic properties in HPDE cells. Notably, shRNA-mediated FTO depletion in PC cells impairs their mobility and invasiveness, leading to EMT reversal. Mechanistically, this was associated with impaired tumorsphere formation and reduced expression of CSCs markers. Furthermore, FTO depletion in PC cells weakened their tumor-forming capabilities in nude mice; those tumors had increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation markers, and MET conversion. Collectively, our study demonstrates the functional importance of FTO in PC and the maintenance of CSCs via EMT regulation. Thus, FTO may represent an attractive therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Garg
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91010, USA
| | - Laleh Melstrom
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program/Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91010, USA
- Correspondence:
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Qiao H, Liu L, Chen J, Shang B, Wang L. The functions of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:235. [PMID: 36175777 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRC), which includes colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC), are some of the most common malignant tumors that are prone to distant metastasis. Its high incidence rate and high mortality rate have attracted much attention. In recent years, epigenetics has attracted increasing attention and has been the focus of many research studies. N6-methyladenosine(m6A) RNA modifications can modify eukaryotic mRNA to impact metabolism. The changes in the m6A regulatory genes are related to the occurrence and development of CRC and play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC. The effect of m6A RNA modification is regulated by its related regulatory factors ("writer", "eraser", "reader"). In this review, we comprehensively analyzed the effect of m6A methylation on CRC and the relationship between the expression of related regulatory factors and the development and occurrence of CRC. Then, we summarized the roles of m6A and its regulatory factors in CRC and its potential clinical value, which provides a basis for further research on the mechanism of m6A methylation in CRC.
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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Gong H, Li Q, Man L, Jin Q, Zhang L, Li S. Links Between N6-Methyladenosine and Tumor Microenvironments in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:807129. [PMID: 35223837 PMCID: PMC8866562 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.807129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a critical epigenetic modification for tumor malignancies, but its role in regulating the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) has not been fully studied. By integrating multiple data sets and multi-omics data, we comprehensively evaluated the m6A “writers,” “erasers,” and “readers” in colorectal cancer and their association with TME characteristics. The m6A regulator genes showed specific patterns in co-mutation, copy number variation, and expression. Based on the transcriptomic data of the m6A regulators and their correlated genes, two types of subtyping systems, m6AregCluster and m6AsigCluster, were developed. The clusters were distinct in pathways (metabolism/inflammation/extracellular matrix and interaction), immune phenotypes (immune-excluded/immune-inflamed/immune-suppressive), TME cell composition (lack immune and stromal cells/activated immune cells/stromal and immune-suppressive cells), stroma activities, and survival outcomes. We also established an m6Ascore associated with molecular subgroups, microsatellite instability, DNA repair status, mutation burdens, and survival and predicted immunotherapy outcomes. In conclusion, our work revealed a close association between m6A modification and TME formation. Evaluating m6A in cancer has helped us comprehend the TME status, and targeting m6A in tumor cells might help modulate the TME and improve tumor therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Zhang
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haoming Gong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lajie Man
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingchang Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang, ; Song Li,
| | - Song Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang, ; Song Li,
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Zhang S, Sun J, Gu M, Wang G, Wang X. Circular RNA: A promising new star for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8725-8740. [PMID: 34796685 PMCID: PMC8683543 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. According to the research of circular RNAs in the CRC field, compared with linear RNAs, circular RNAs are a special type of noncoding RNA that are covalently closed circular structures, which have no 5' cap structure and 3' polyA tail and are not affected by RNA exonuclease and actinomycin D. Biological functions Notably, circular RNAs have a high degree of stability and potential effect on gene regulation. Meanwhile, circular RNAs are involved in the sponge action of microRNAs and mediate protein translation and direct binding, alternative splicing, and histone modification. Relationships with CRC Studies have shown that circular RNAs are related to the proliferation, invasion, recurrence, metastasis, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. Conclusions This article provides a brief review based on the source, structural characteristics, mechanisms, biological functions of circular RNAs, and the relationships between CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Zhang
- Graduate School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Graduate School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Minqi Gu
- Graduate School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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7
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Ge Y, Liu T, Wang C, Zhang Y, Xu S, Ren Y, Feng Y, Yin L, Pu Y, Liang G. N6-methyladenosine RNA modification and its interaction with regulatory non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer. RNA Biol 2021; 18:551-561. [PMID: 34674600 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1974749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common forms of RNA modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has attracted increasing research interest in recent years. This reversible RNA modification added a new dimension to the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the role of m6A modification has been extensively studied, not only on mRNAs but also on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). In the present review, we depicted the role of m6A modification in CRC, systematically elaborate the interaction between m6A modification and regulatory ncRNAs in function and mechanism. Moreover, we discussed the potential applications in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chuntao Wang
- Science and technology department, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Occupational Health, Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, PR China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yiyi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yanlu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
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8
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Wen J, Zhang G, Meng Y, Zhang L, Jiang M, Yu Z. RNA m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasion by regulating Snail expression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:711. [PMID: 34457066 PMCID: PMC8358616 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the result of methylation of nitrogen-6 on adenosine, and is the most abundant chemical modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Dysregulation of m6A methylation has been implicated in cancer development and progression through various mechanisms. This type of methylation is primarily regulated by methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of METTL3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been extensively elucidated. The present study explored m6A modification and the underlying mechanism of m6A, which serve regulatory roles in the development of CRC. It was found that METTL3 is upregulated in CRC cell lines and tissues, and its expression positively correlated with poor overall survival (OS). Mechanistically, the present study demonstrated that METTL3 methylates Snail mRNA, thus stabilizing it to promote CRC malignancy. The present findings indicate that m6A modification is involved in CRC tumorigenesis, and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfan Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Zhitao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
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Xu X, Huang J, Ocansey DKW, Xia Y, Zhao Z, Xu Z, Yan Y, Zhang X, Mao F. The Emerging Clinical Application of m6A RNA Modification in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Associated Colorectal Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3289-3306. [PMID: 34290515 PMCID: PMC8289367 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s320449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation, first proposed in DNAs, but later found in RNAs, serves as one of the most widespread epigenetic modifications in eukaryotes, where N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been found to play an important role in a variety of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Under the action of various enzymes and proteins, the regulatory role of m6A in RNAs and immune cells has also been gradually realized. This paper reviews the general biogenesis and effects of m6A, and its emerging crucial role in intestinal mucosal immunity via the regulation of RNAs and immune cells, and thus closely related to the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and CRC. m6A-related genes and regulatory factors are expected to be potential predictive markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jintu Huang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yuxuan Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People’s Republic of China
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Wood S, Willbanks A, Cheng JX. The Role of RNA Modifications and RNA-modifying Proteins in Cancer Therapy and Drug Resistance. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:326-352. [PMID: 33504307 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210127092828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The advent of new genome-wide sequencing technologies has uncovered abnormal RNA modifications and RNA editing in a variety of human cancers. The discovery of reversible RNA N6-methyladenosine (RNA: m6A) by fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) demethylase has led to exponential publications on the pathophysiological functions of m6A and its corresponding RNA modifying proteins (RMPs) in the past decade. Some excellent reviews have summarized the recent progress in this field. Compared to the extent of research into RNA: m6A and DNA 5-methylcytosine (DNA: m5C), much less is known about other RNA modifications and their associated RMPs, such as the role of RNA: m5C and its RNA cytosine methyltransferases (RCMTs) in cancer therapy and drug resistance. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress surrounding the function, intramolecular distribution and subcellular localization of several major RNA modifications, including 5' cap N7-methylguanosine (m7G) and 2'-O-methylation (Nm), m6A, m5C, A-to-I editing, and the associated RMPs. We will then discuss dysregulation of those RNA modifications and RMPs in cancer and their role in cancer therapy and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Wood
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637, United States
| | - Amber Willbanks
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637, United States
| | - Jason X Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637, United States
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a unique subset of undifferentiated cells with stem cell-like properties, have emerged as driving forces in mediating tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Recent advances have highlighted that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification plays an important role in cancer biology and CSCs. Dynamic m6A decoration has been demonstrated to be involved in CSC generation and maintenance, governing cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide the first overview of the current knowledge of m6A modification implicated in CSCs and their impact on CSC properties, tumor progression, and responses to treatment. Finally, we also highlight the potential of m6A machinery as novel targets for cancer therapeutics. The involvement of m6A modification in CSCs provides a new direction for exploring cancer pathogenesis and inspires the development of effective strategies to fully eliminate both cancer cells and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing People's Republic of, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing People's Republic of, China
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