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Mahjoob M, Paul T, Carbone J, Bokadia H, Cardy RE, Kassam S, Anagnostou E, Andrade BF, Penner M, Kushki A. Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Neurodivergent Children: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:91-129. [PMID: 38070100 PMCID: PMC10920445 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is a multi-faceted construct influenced by a myriad of environmental, demographic, and individual characteristics. Our understanding of these influencers remains highly limited in neurodevelopmental conditions. Existing research in this area is sparse, highly siloed by diagnosis labels, and focused on symptoms. This review synthesized the evidence in this area using a multi-dimensional model of HRQoL and trans-diagnostically across neurodevelopmental conditions. The systematic review, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Checklist, was completed in June 2023 using Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Our search revealed 78 studies that examined predictors of HRQoL in neurodevelopmental conditions. The majority of these studies focused on autism and ADHD with a paucity of literature in other conditions. Cross-diagnosis investigations were limited despite the fact that many of the examined predictors transcend diagnostic boundaries. Significant gaps were revealed in domains of biology/physiology, functioning, health perceptions, and environmental factors. Very preliminary evidence suggested potentially shared predictors of HRQoL across conditions including positive associations between HRQoL and adaptive functioning, male sex/gender, positive self-perception, physical activity, resources, and positive family context, and negative associations with diagnostic features and mental health symptoms. Studies of transdiagnostic predictors across neurodevelopmental conditions are critically needed to enable care models that address shared needs of neurodivergent individuals beyond diagnostic boundaries. Further understanding of HRQoL from the perspective of neurodivergent communities is a critical area of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahjoob
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Tithi Paul
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Julia Carbone
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Harshit Bokadia
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Robyn E Cardy
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Souraiya Kassam
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie Penner
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kushki
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada.
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Ishimoto Y, Sotodate T, Namba Y, Uenishi T, Iwasaki K, Tomita H. Benefits of Working from Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic for Undiagnosed Workers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1607-1621. [PMID: 37484117 PMCID: PMC10356549 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s414862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our previous study suggested that working conditions might impact work productivity amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the association between working from home (WFH) and depressive symptoms, work productivity, and quality of life (QOL), in undiagnosed workers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods During the pandemic, the survey was conducted among eligible workers with (N = 904) and without (N = 900) ADHD symptoms based on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale [ASRS]. Each group was further stratified by working conditions (full working on-site [FWOS], hybrid, full WFH [FWFH]). Two-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the impact of WFH on depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] score), work productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale [WPAI] scores), and QOL (EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels [EQ-5D-5L] score). The Tukey-Kramer test was used to assess differences between the stratified subgroups. Poisson and multiple regression analyses were also performed to assess the factors associated with these outcomes. Results Other than PHQ-9 score between FWOS and hybrid work in workers with ADHD symptoms (p < 0.05), no significant differences were observed in outcomes among the working condition subgroups in both workers with and without ADHD symptoms. In workers with ADHD symptoms, hybrid work and FWFH were significantly associated with a lower PHQ-9 score (hybrid, p < 0.001; FWFH, p < 0.05) but neither were significantly associated with WPAI score nor EQ-5D-5L. Annual income and discretionary work were significantly associated with a lower PHQ-9 score and a higher EQ-5D-5L score in workers with ADHD symptoms. Job type (manufacture/construction) was significantly associated with a lower presenteeism score. Conclusion WFH (hybrid and FWFH) may be associated with lower depressive symptoms compared with FWOS in undiagnosed workers with ADHD symptoms. The findings may be useful when considering suitable working environments for workers especially with ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takuma Sotodate
- Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Namba
- Medical Affairs Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Tan ESS, Chin SAFX, Sathapan MSP, Dewi AD, Amini F, Bustami NA, Tan PY, Ho YB, Tan CK. Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Evidence from Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4046. [PMID: 36901057 PMCID: PMC10001641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of physical, social, and economic factors during the pandemic adversely affected the mental health of healthy people and exacerbated pre-existing mental disorders. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study involving 1246 participants was conducted. A validated questionnaire consisting of the level of knowledge and practice of precautionary behaviors, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) was used as an instrument to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results revealed that most participants possessed a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and practiced wearing face masks daily as a precautionary measure. The average DASS scores were beyond the mild to moderate cut-off point for all three domains. The present study found that prolonged lockdowns had significantly impacted (p < 0.05), the mental health of the general population in Malaysia, reducing quality of life during the pandemic. Employment status, financial instability, and low annual incomes appeared to be risk factors (p < 0.05) contributing to mental distress, while older age played a protective role (p < 0.05). This is the first large-scale study in Malaysia to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Sin Sing Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Astrid Disimond Dewi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Farahnaz Amini
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Normina Ahmad Bustami
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yee Tan
- Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yu Bin Ho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chung Keat Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Nakai T, Tsuji T, Tsuda H, Sotodate T, Namba Y, Uenishi T, Iwasaki K, Kokubo K, Tomita H. Working Conditions, Work Productivity, Quality of Life, and Depressive Symptoms in Undiagnosed Adults with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1561-1572. [PMID: 35937711 PMCID: PMC9346305 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s358085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment status, work productivity, quality of life (QOL), and depressive symptoms in undiagnosed adults with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in Japan. METHODS An observational study used baseline data from a Japanese Medilead Healthcare Panel before the COVID-19 pandemic (October-December 2019). Eligible panel participants were then surveyed during the pandemic (March 2021). ADHD symptoms were screened using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Changes in QOL (EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels; EQ-5D-5L) and productivity impairment (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale; WPAI) from before to during the pandemic were analyzed in undiagnosed adults with and without ADHD symptoms. Unemployment rate and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9) during the pandemic were compared between groups. RESULTS Participants with (N=949) and without (N=942) ADHD symptoms completed the survey. The unemployment rate was not significantly different between participants with and without ADHD symptoms. Participants with ADHD symptoms were more likely to change jobs or employers during the pandemic. PHQ-9 scores in participants with ADHD symptoms were significantly higher than in those without ADHD symptoms (8.96 vs 3.57, respectively) during the pandemic. Before the pandemic, WPAI scores were significantly higher and EQ-5D-5L scores lower in participants with ADHD symptoms than in those without. Productivity improved and QOL was not altered during the pandemic in both groups, but productivity and QOL remained poorer among participants with ADHD symptoms than in those without. CONCLUSION Productivity was improved among all participants during the COVID-19 pandemic, contrary to expectations. However, adults with ADHD symptoms consistently had lower productivity, poorer QOL, and more depressive symptoms than those without ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nakai
- Medical Affairs Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshinaga Tsuji
- Medical Affairs Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuda
- Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Sotodate
- Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Namba
- Medical Affairs Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Kinya Kokubo
- Medilead, Inc, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of International Business, Faculty of International Politics and Economics, Nishogakusha University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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