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Panara V, Yu H, Peng D, Staxäng K, Hodik M, Filipek-Gorniok B, Kazenwadel J, Skoczylas R, Mason E, Allalou A, Harvey NL, Haitina T, Hogan BM, Koltowska K. Multiple cis-regulatory elements control prox1a expression in distinct lymphatic vascular beds. Development 2024; 151:dev202525. [PMID: 38722096 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
During embryonic development, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) precursors are distinguished from blood endothelial cells by the expression of Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1), which is essential for lymphatic vasculature formation in mouse and zebrafish. Prox1 expression initiation precedes LEC sprouting and migration, serving as the marker of specified LECs. Despite its crucial role in lymphatic development, Prox1 upstream regulation in LECs remains to be uncovered. SOX18 and COUP-TFII are thought to regulate Prox1 in mice by binding its promoter region. However, the specific regulation of Prox1 expression in LECs remains to be studied in detail. Here, we used evolutionary conservation and chromatin accessibility to identify enhancers located in the proximity of zebrafish prox1a active in developing LECs. We confirmed the functional role of the identified sequences through CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of a lymphatic valve enhancer. The deletion of this region results in impaired valve morphology and function. Overall, our results reveal an intricate control of prox1a expression through a collection of enhancers. Ray-finned fish-specific distal enhancers drive pan-lymphatic expression, whereas vertebrate-conserved proximal enhancers refine expression in functionally distinct subsets of lymphatic endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
- Beijer Gene and Neuro Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Hujun Yu
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Di Peng
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Karin Staxäng
- BioVis Core Facility, Platform EM, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Monika Hodik
- BioVis Core Facility, Platform EM, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Beata Filipek-Gorniok
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Jan Kazenwadel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Mason
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Amin Allalou
- Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, Division of Visual Information and Interaction, and SciLifeLab BioImage Informatics Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Tatjana Haitina
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
- Beijer Gene and Neuro Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
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2
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Huang L, Wang Z, Liu J, Wan M, Liu J, Liu F, Tu X, Xiao J, Liao X, Lu H, Zhang S, Cao Z. Apatinib induces zebrafish hepatotoxicity by inhibiting Wnt signaling and accumulation of oxidative stress. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:2679-2690. [PMID: 37551640 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Apatinib, a small-molecule VEGFR2-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown potent anticancer activity in various clinical cancer treatments, but also different adverse reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to study its potential toxicity and working mechanism. We used zebrafish to investigate the effects of apatinib on the development of embryos. Zebrafish exposed to 2.5, 5, and 10 μM apatinib showed adverse effects such as decreased liver area, pericardial oedema, slow yolk absorption, bladder atrophy, and body length shortening. At the same time, it leads to abnormal liver tissue structure, liver function and related gene expression. Furthermore, after exposure to apatinib, oxidative stress levels were significantly elevated but liver developmental toxicity was effectively ameliorated with oxidative stress inhibitor treatment. Apatinib induces down-regulation of key target genes of Wnt signaling pathway in zebrafish, and it is found that Wnt activator can significantly rescue liver developmental defects. These results suggest that apatinib may induce zebrafish hepatotoxicity by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway and up-regulating oxidative stress, helping to strengthen our understanding of rational clinical application of apatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Jieping Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Mengqi Wan
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Jiejun Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Tu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
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3
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Lamanna F, Hervas-Sotomayor F, Oel AP, Jandzik D, Sobrido-Cameán D, Santos-Durán GN, Martik ML, Stundl J, Green SA, Brüning T, Mößinger K, Schmidt J, Schneider C, Sepp M, Murat F, Smith JJ, Bronner ME, Rodicio MC, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Medeiros DM, Arendt D, Kaessmann H. A lamprey neural cell type atlas illuminates the origins of the vertebrate brain. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1714-1728. [PMID: 37710042 PMCID: PMC10555824 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate brain emerged more than ~500 million years ago in common evolutionary ancestors. To systematically trace its cellular and molecular origins, we established a spatially resolved cell type atlas of the entire brain of the sea lamprey-a jawless species whose phylogenetic position affords the reconstruction of ancestral vertebrate traits-based on extensive single-cell RNA-seq and in situ sequencing data. Comparisons of this atlas to neural data from the mouse and other jawed vertebrates unveiled various shared features that enabled the reconstruction of cell types, tissue structures and gene expression programs of the ancestral vertebrate brain. However, our analyses also revealed key tissues and cell types that arose later in evolution. For example, the ancestral brain was probably devoid of cerebellar cell types and oligodendrocytes (myelinating cells); our data suggest that the latter emerged from astrocyte-like evolutionary precursors in the jawed vertebrate lineage. Altogether, our work illuminates the cellular and molecular architecture of the ancestral vertebrate brain and provides a foundation for exploring its diversification during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lamanna
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - A Phillip Oel
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Sobrido-Cameán
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gabriel N Santos-Durán
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Megan L Martik
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jan Stundl
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A Green
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Thoomke Brüning
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Mößinger
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Schmidt
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Celine Schneider
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mari Sepp
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florent Murat
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- INRAE, LPGP, Rennes, France
| | - Jeramiah J Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - María Celina Rodicio
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel M Medeiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Detlev Arendt
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Kaessmann
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Kenney JW, Steadman PE, Young O, Shi MT, Polanco M, Dubaishi S, Covert K, Mueller T, Frankland PW. A 3D adult zebrafish brain atlas (AZBA) for the digital age. eLife 2021; 10:69988. [PMID: 34806976 PMCID: PMC8639146 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have made significant contributions to our understanding of the vertebrate brain and the neural basis of behavior, earning a place as one of the most widely used model organisms in neuroscience. Their appeal arises from the marriage of low cost, early life transparency, and ease of genetic manipulation with a behavioral repertoire that becomes more sophisticated as animals transition from larvae to adults. To further enhance the use of adult zebrafish, we created the first fully segmented three-dimensional digital adult zebrafish brain atlas (AZBA). AZBA was built by combining tissue clearing, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, and three-dimensional image registration of nuclear and antibody stains. These images were used to guide segmentation of the atlas into over 200 neuroanatomical regions comprising the entirety of the adult zebrafish brain. As an open source, online (azba.wayne.edu), updatable digital resource, AZBA will significantly enhance the use of adult zebrafish in furthering our understanding of vertebrate brain function in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Kenney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States.,Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patrick E Steadman
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Olivia Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Meng Ting Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Maris Polanco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Saba Dubaishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Kristopher Covert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States
| | - Paul W Frankland
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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5
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Huang L, Liu J, Li W, Liu F, Wan M, Chen G, Su M, Guo C, Han F, Xiong G, Liao X, Lu H, Cao Z. Lenvatinib exposure induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish via inhibiting Wnt signaling. Toxicology 2021; 462:152951. [PMID: 34534561 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lenvatinib is a multi-kinase inhibitor for widely treating thyroid cancer. However, little studies have been done about it or its toxicity on embryonic development of vertebrate. In this study, we used zebrafish to assess the effect of lenvatinib on early embryonic development. Exposure of zebrafish embryos to 58, 117, 176 nM lenvatinib induced abnormal embryonic development, such as decreased heart rate, pericardial edema, delayed yolk absorption, and bladder atrophy. Lenvatinib exposure reduced liver area and down-regulated liver developmental related genes. The proliferation of hepatocytes and the expression of apoptosis-related genes were significantly reduced.by Lenvatinib. Furthermore, the imbalance of liver metabolism and abnormal liver tissue structure were observed in adult zebrafish after Lenvatinib exposure. Oxidative stress was up-regulated by lenvatinib and astaxanthin partially rescued hepatic developmental defects via downregulating oxidative stress. After lenvatinib exposure, Wnt signaling was down-regulated, and activation of Wnt signaling partially rescued hepatic developmental defects. Therefore, these results suggested that lenvatinib might induce zebrafish hepatotoxicity by down-regulating Wnt signaling related genes and inducing oxidative stress. This study provides a reference for the potential hepatotoxicity of lenvatinib during embryonic development and raises health concern about the potential harm of exposure to lenvatinib for foetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jieping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengqi Wan
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guilan Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meile Su
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guanghua Xiong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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6
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Laquatra C, Sanchez-Martin C, Dinarello A, Cannino G, Minervini G, Moroni E, Schiavone M, Tosatto S, Argenton F, Colombo G, Bernardi P, Masgras I, Rasola A. HIF1α-dependent induction of the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 regulates bioenergetic adaptations to hypoxia. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:434. [PMID: 33934112 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial paralog of the Hsp90 chaperone family TRAP1 is often induced in tumors, but the mechanisms controlling its expression, as well as its physiological functions remain poorly understood. Here, we find that TRAP1 is highly expressed in the early stages of Zebrafish development, and its ablation delays embryogenesis while increasing mitochondrial respiration of fish larvae. TRAP1 expression is enhanced by hypoxic conditions both in developing embryos and in cancer models of Zebrafish and mammals. The TRAP1 promoter contains evolutionary conserved hypoxic responsive elements, and HIF1α stabilization increases TRAP1 levels. TRAP1 inhibition by selective compounds or by genetic knock-out maintains a high level of respiration in Zebrafish embryos after exposure to hypoxia. Our data identify TRAP1 as a primary regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics in highly proliferating cells following reduction in oxygen tension and HIF1α stabilization.
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7
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Taira Y, Ikuta Y, Inamori S, Nunome M, Nakano M, Suzuki T, Matsuda Y, Tsudzuki M, Teramoto M, Iida H, Kondoh H. The formation of multiple pituitary pouches from the oral ectoderm causes ectopic lens development in hedgehog signaling-defective avian embryos. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1425-1439. [PMID: 32633438 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hedgehog signaling has various regulatory functions in tissue morphogenesis and differentiation. To investigate its involvement in anterior pituitary precursor development and the lens precursor potential for anterior pituitary precursors, we investigated Talpid mutant Japanese quail embryos, in which hedgehog signaling is defective. RESULTS Talpid mutants develop multiple pituitary precursor-like pouches of variable sizes from the oral ectoderm (OE). The ectopic pituitary pouches initially express the pituitary-associated transcription factor (TF) LHX3 similarly to Rathke's pouch, the genuine pituitary precursor. The pouches coexpress the TFs SOX2 and PAX6, a signature of lens developmental potential. Most Talpid mutant pituitary pouches downregulate LHX3 expression and activate the lens-essential TF PROX1, leading to the development of small lens tissue expressing α-, β-, and δ-crystallins. In contrast, mutant Rathke's pouches express a lower level of LHX3, which is primarily localized in the cytoplasm, and activate the lens developmental pathway. CONCLUSIONS Hedgehog signaling in normal embryos regulates the development of Rathke's pouch in two steps. First, by confining Rathke's pouch development in a low hedgehog signaling region of the OE. Second, by sustaining LHX3 activity to promote anterior pituitary development, while inhibiting ectopic lens development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taira
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Ikuta
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Inamori
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nunome
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikiharu Nakano
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuda
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaoki Tsudzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, and Japanese Avian Bioresources Project Research Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Machiko Teramoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iida
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisato Kondoh
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Comprehensive Research, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Yao Q, Wang L, Mittal R, Yan D, Richmond MT, Denyer S, Requena T, Liu K, Varshney GK, Lu Z, Liu XZ. Transcriptomic Analyses of Inner Ear Sensory Epithelia in Zebrafish. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:527-543. [PMID: 31883312 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of gene expression has the potential to assist in the understanding of multiple cellular processes including proliferation, cell-fate specification, senesence, and activity in both healthy and disease states. Zebrafish model has been increasingly used to understand the process of hearing and the development of the vertebrate auditory system. Within the zebrafish inner ear, there are three otolith organs, each containing a sensory macula of hair cells. The saccular macula is primarily involved in hearing, the utricular macula is primarily involved in balance and the function of the lagenar macula is not completely understood. The goal of this study is to understand the transcriptional differences in the sensory macula associated with different otolith organs with the intention of understanding the genetic mechanisms responsible for the distinct role each organ plays in sensory perception. The sensory maculae of the saccule, utricle, and lagena were dissected out of adult Et(krt4:GFP)sqet4 zebrafish expressing green fluorescent protein in hair cells for transcriptional analysis. The total RNAs of the maculae were isolated and analyzed by RNA GeneChip microarray. Several of the differentially expressed genes are known to be involved in deafness, otolith development and balance. Gene expression among these otolith organs was very well conserved with less than 10% of genes showing differential expression. Data from this study will help to elucidate which genes are involved in hearing and balance. Furthermore, the findings of this study will assist in the development of the zebrafish model for human hearing and balance disorders. Anat Rec, 303:527-543, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Steven Denyer
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Teresa Requena
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kaili Liu
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Zhongmin Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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Cafora M, Deflorian G, Forti F, Ferrari L, Binelli G, Briani F, Ghisotti D, Pistocchi A. Phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a cystic fibrosis zebrafish model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1527. [PMID: 30728389 PMCID: PMC6365511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease due to mutations in the CFTR gene and causes mortality in humans mainly due to respiratory infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In a previous work we used phage therapy, which is a treatment with a mix of phages, to actively counteract acute P. aeruginosa infections in mice and Galleria mellonella larvae. In this work we apply phage therapy to the treatment of P. aeruginosa PAO1 infections in a CF zebrafish model. The structure of the CFTR channel is evolutionary conserved between fish and mammals and cftr-loss-of-function zebrafish embryos show a phenotype that recapitulates the human disease, in particular with destruction of the pancreas. We show that phage therapy is able to decrease lethality, bacterial burden, and the pro-inflammatory response caused by PAO1 infection. In addition, phage administration relieves the constitutive inflammatory state of CF embryos. To our knowledge, this is the first time that phage therapy is used to cure P. aeruginosa infections in a CF animal model. We also find that the curative effect against PAO1 infections is improved by combining phages and antibiotic treatments, opening a useful therapeutic approach that could reduce antibiotic doses and time of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cafora
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano - LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Gianluca Deflorian
- Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare - IFOM, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Forti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrari
- Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare - IFOM, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Binelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Briani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Ghisotti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano - LITA, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy.
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Liu S, Wang Y, Lu Y, Li W, Liu W, Ma J, Sun F, Li M, Chen ZY, Su K, Li W. The Key Transcription Factor Expression in the Developing Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs: A Comprehensive Comparison of Spatial and Temporal Patterns. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:7513258. [PMID: 30410537 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7513258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner ear formation requires that a series of cell fate decisions and morphogenetic events occur in a precise temporal and spatial pattern. Previous studies have shown that transcription factors, including Pax2, Sox2, and Prox1, play important roles during the inner ear development. However, the temporospatial expression patterns among these transcription factors are poorly understood. In the current study, we present a comprehensive description of the temporal and spatial expression profiles of Pax2, Sox2, and Prox1 during auditory and vestibular sensory organ development in mice. Using immunohistochemical analyses, we show that Sox2 and Pax2 are both expressed in the prosensory cells (the developing hair cells), but Sox2 is later restricted to only the supporting cells of the organ of Corti. In the vestibular sensory organ, however, the Pax2 expression is localized in hair cells at postnatal day 7, while Sox2 is still expressed in both the hair cells and supporting cells at that time. Prox1 was transiently expressed in the presumptive hair cells and developing supporting cells, and lower Prox1 expression was observed in the vestibular sensory organ compared to the organ of Corti. The different expression patterns of these transcription factors in the developing auditory and vestibular sensory organs suggest that they play different roles in the development of the sensory epithelia and might help to shape the respective sensory structures.
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Nagpal J, Herget U, Choi MK, Ryu S. Anatomy, development, and plasticity of the neurosecretory hypothalamus in zebrafish. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:5-22. [PMID: 30109407 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus harbors diverse neurosecretory cells with critical physiological roles for the homeostasis. Decades of research in rodents have provided a large amount of information on the anatomy, development, and function of this important hypothalamic nucleus. However, since the hypothalamus lies deep within the brain in mammals and is difficult to access, many questions regarding development and plasticity of this nucleus still remain. In particular, how different environmental conditions, including stress exposure, shape the development of this important nucleus has been difficult to address in animals that develop in utero. To address these open questions, the transparent larval zebrafish with its rapid external development and excellent genetic toolbox offers exciting opportunities. In this review, we summarize recent information on the anatomy and development of the neurosecretory preoptic area (NPO), which represents a similar structure to the mammalian PVN in zebrafish. We will then review recent studies on the development of different cell types in the neurosecretory hypothalamus both in mouse and in fish. Lastly, we discuss stress-induced plasticity of the PVN mainly discussing the data obtained in rodents, but pointing out tools and approaches available in zebrafish for future studies. This review serves as a primer for the currently available information relevant for studying the development and plasticity of this important brain region using zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Nagpal
- German Resilience Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herget
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd. Mail Code 156-29, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Min K Choi
- German Resilience Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Soojin Ryu
- German Resilience Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Villasenor A, Stainier DYR. On the development of the hepatopancreatic ductal system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:69-80. [PMID: 28214561 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hepatopancreatic ductal system is the collection of ducts that connect the liver and pancreas to the digestive tract. The formation of this system is necessary for the transport of exocrine secretions, for the correct assembly of the pancreatobiliary ductal system, and for the overall function of the digestive system. Studies on endoderm organ formation have significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern organ induction, organ specification and morphogenesis of the major foregut-derived organs. However, little is known about the mechanisms that control the development of the hepatopancreatic ductal system. Here, we provide a description of the different components of the system, summarize its development from the endoderm to a complex system of tubes, list the pathologies produced by anomalies in its development, as well as the molecules and signaling pathways that are known to be involved in its formation. Finally, we discuss its proposed potential as a multipotent cell reservoir and the unresolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia Villasenor
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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Khurana I, Kaspi A, Ziemann M, Block T, Connor T, Spolding B, Cooper A, Zimmet P, El-Osta A, Walder K. DNA methylation regulates hypothalamic gene expression linking parental diet during pregnancy to the offspring's risk of obesity in Psammomys obesus. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1079-88. [PMID: 27108813 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The rising incidence of obesity is a major public health issue worldwide. Recent human and animal studies suggest that parental diet can influence fetal development and is implicated with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring. The hypothalamus is central to body energy homoeostasis and appetite by controlling endocrine signals. We hypothesise that offspring susceptibility to obesity is programmed in the hypothalamus in utero and mediated by changes to DNA methylation, which persist to adulthood. We investigated hypothalamic genome-wide DNA methylation in Psammomys obesus diet during pregnancy to the offspring's risk of obesity. METHODS Using methyl-CpG binding domain capture and deep sequencing (MBD-seq), we examined the hypothalamus of offspring exposed to a low-fat diet and standard chow diet during the gestation and lactation period. RESULTS Offspring exposed to a low-fat parental diet were more obese and had increased circulating insulin and glucose levels. Methylome profiling identified 1447 genomic regions of differential methylation between offspring of parents fed a low-fat diet compared with parents on standard chow diet. Pathway analysis shows novel DNA methylation changes of hypothalamic genes associated with neurological function, nutrient sensing, appetite and energy balance. Differential DNA methylation corresponded to changes in hypothalamic gene expression of Tas1r1 and Abcc8 in the offspring exposed to low-fat parental diet. CONCLUSION Subject to parental low-fat diet, we observe DNA methylation changes of genes associated with obesity in offspring.
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Koltowska K, Lagendijk A, Pichol-Thievend C, Fischer J, Francois M, Ober E, Yap A, Hogan B. Vegfc Regulates Bipotential Precursor Division and Prox1 Expression to Promote Lymphatic Identity in Zebrafish. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1828-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Tumor models have a relevant role in furthering our understanding of the biology of malignant disease and in preclinical cancer research. Only few models are available for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), probably due to the rarity and heterogeneity of this group of neoplasms. This review provides insights into the current state-of-the-art of zebrafish as a model in cancer research, focusing on potential applications in NETs. Zebrafish has a complex circulatory system similar to that of mammals. A novel angiogenesis assay based on the injection of human NET cell lines (TT and DMS79 cells) into the subperidermal space of the zebrafish embryos has been developed. Proangiogenic factors locally released by the tumor graft affect the normal developmental pattern of the subintestinal vessels by stimulating the migration and growth of sprouting vessels toward the implant. In addition, a description of the striking homology between zebrafish and humans of molecular targets involved in tumor angiogenesis (somatostatin receptors, dopamine receptors, mammalian target of rapamycin), and currently used as targeted therapy of NETs, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, Italy Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Gariano G, Guarienti M, Bresciani R, Borsani G, Carola G, Monti E, Giuliani R, Rezzani R, Bonomini F, Preti A, Schu P, Zizioli D. Analysis of three μ1-AP1 subunits during zebrafish development. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:299-314. [PMID: 24123392 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family of AP-1 complexes mediates protein sorting in the late secretory pathway and it is essential for the development of mammals. The ubiquitously expressed AP-1A complex consists of four adaptins γ1, β1, μ1A, and σ1A. AP-1A mediates protein transport between the trans-Golgi network and early endosomes. The polarized epithelia AP-1B complex contains the μ1B-adaptin. AP-1B mediates specific transport of proteins from basolateral recycling endosomes to the basolateral plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells. RESULTS Analysis of the zebrafish genome revealed the existence of three μ1-adaptin genes, encoding μ1A, μ1B, and the novel isoform μ1C, which is not found in mammals. μ1C shows 80% sequence identity with μ1A and μ1B. The μ1C expression pattern largely overlaps with that of μ1A, while μ1B is expressed in epithelial cells. By knocking-down the synthesis of μ1A, μ1B and μ1C with antisense morpholino techniques we demonstrate that each of these μ1 adaptins is essential for zebrafish development, with μ1A and μ1C being involved in central nervous system development and μ1B in kidney, gut and liver formation. CONCLUSIONS Zebrafish is unique in expressing three AP-1 complexes: AP-1A, AP-1B, and AP-1C. Our results demonstrate that they are not redundant and that each of them has specific functions, which cannot be fulfilled by one of the other isoforms. Each of the μ1 adaptins appears to mediate specific molecular mechanisms essential for early developmental processes, which depends on specific intracellular vesicular protein sorting pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Gariano
- Unit of Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia, Italy
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Zhao J, Kawai K, Wang H, Wu D, Wang M, Yue Z, Zhang J, Liu YH. Loss of Msx2 function down-regulates the FoxE3 expression and results in anterior segment dysgenesis resembling Peters anomaly. Am J Pathol 2012; 180:2230-9. [PMID: 22503753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Complex molecular interactions dictate the developmental steps that lead to a mature and functional cornea and lens. Peters anomaly is one subtype of anterior segment dysgenesis especially due to abnormal development of the cornea and lens. MSX2 was recently implicated as a potential gene that is critical for anterior segment development. However, the role of MSX2 within the complex mechanisms of eye development remains elusive. Our present study observed the morphologic changes in conventional Msx2 knockout (KO) mice and found phenotypes consistent with Peters anomaly and microphthalmia seen in humans. The role of Msx2 in cornea and lens development was further investigated using IHC, in situ hybridization, and quantification of proliferative and apoptotic lens cells. Loss of Msx2 down-regulated FoxE3 expression and up-regulated Prox1 and crystallin expression in the lens. The FoxE3 and Prox1 malfunction and precocious Prox1 and crystallin expression contribute to a disturbed lens cell cycle in lens vesicles and eventually to cornea-lentoid adhesions and microphthalmia in Msx2 KO mice. The observed changes in the expression of FoxE3 suggest that Msx2 is an important contributor in controlling transcription of target genes critical for early eye development. These results provide the first direct genetic evidence of the involvement of MSX2 in Peters anomaly and the distinct function of MSX2 in regulating the growth and development of lens vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyue Zhao
- Eye Hospital of China Medical University and the Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Provincial Key Laboratory of Lens Research, Liaoning, China.
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19
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Abstract
Background The lymphatic vascular system, draining interstitial fluids from most tissues and organs, exerts crucial functions in several physiological and pathological processes. Lymphatic system development depends on Prox1, the first marker to be expressed in the endothelial cells of the cardinal vein from where lymph vessels originate. Prox1 ortholog in the optically clear, easily manipulated zebrafish model has been previously isolated and its contribution to lymphangiogenesis has been clarified. Because of a round of genome duplication occurred at the base of teleosts radiation, several zebrafish genes have been retained in duplicate through evolution. We investigated for the presence of additional prox1 genes and determined their role in zebrafish lymphangiogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings We isolated a second ortholog, named prox1b, and analyzed its expression during development by whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH). We detected strong prox1b expression in the endothelium of the posterior cardinal vein (PCV) from where lymphatic precursors originate. To analyze prox1b involvement in lymphangiogenesis we utilized the fli1:GFP transgenics and followed the formation of the toracic duct (TD), the primary lymph vessel in fish, after prox1b knockdown. Our findings clearly demonstrated that the absence of prox1b activity severely hampers the formation of the TD. Conclusions/Significance This work provides substantial progress toward the understanding of zebrafish lymphangiogenesis. In light of the features shared by the lymphatic systems of zebrafish and higher vertebrates, the establishment of such lymphatic model will provide a powerful tool to study, for instance, disorders of body fluid homeostasis, inflammation and cancer metastasis, and may ultimately contribute to novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Del Giacco
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Yoo J, Kang J, Lee HN, Aguilar B, Kafka D, Lee S, Choi I, Lee J, Ramu S, Haas J, Koh CJ, Hong YK. Kaposin-B enhances the PROX1 mRNA stability during lymphatic reprogramming of vascular endothelial cells by Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001046. [PMID: 20730087 PMCID: PMC2921153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer among HIV-positive patients. Histogenetic origin of KS has long been elusive due to a mixed expression of both blood and lymphatic endothelial markers in KS tumor cells. However, we and others discovered that Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) induces lymphatic reprogramming of blood vascular endothelial cells by upregulating PROX1, which functions as the master regulator for lymphatic endothelial differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that the KSHV latent gene kaposin-B enhances the PROX1 mRNA stability and plays an important role in KSHV-mediated PROX1 upregulation. We found that PROX1 mRNA contains a canonical AU-rich element (ARE) in its 3′-untranslated region that promotes PROX1 mRNA turnover and that kaposin-B stimulates cytoplasmic accumulation of the ARE-binding protein HuR through activation of the p38/MK2 pathway. Moreover, HuR binds to and stabilizes PROX1 mRNA through its ARE and is necessary for KSHV-mediated PROX1 mRNA stabilization. Together, our study demonstrates that kaposin-B plays a key role in PROX1 upregulation during lymphatic reprogramming of blood vascular endothelial cells by KSHV. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in HIV-positive patients and KS-associated herpes virus (KSHV) was identified as its causing agent. We and others have discovered that when the virus infects endothelial cells of blood vessels, KSHV reprograms the cell type resembling endothelial cells in lymphatic vessels. Although endothelial cells of the blood vascular system and of the lymphatic system share functional similarities, the cell type-reprogramming does not occur under a normal physiological condition. Therefore, cell-fate reprogramming by the cancer-causing virus KSHV provides an important insight into the molecular mechanism for viral pathogenesis. Our current study investigates the molecular mechanism underlying the KSHV-mediated cell fate reprogramming. We identified that a KSHV latent gene kaposin-B plays an important role in KSHV-mediated regulation of PROX1 to promote PROX1 mRNA stability. This study will provide a better understanding on the tumorigenesis and pathogenesis of KS with a potential implication toward new KS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyuk Yoo
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jinjoo Kang
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ha Neul Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Berenice Aguilar
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Darren Kafka
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sunju Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Inho Choi
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Juneyong Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Swapnika Ramu
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Juergen Haas
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Chester J. Koh
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Departments of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Becker J, Wang B, Pavlakovic H, Buttler K, Wilting J. Homeobox transcription factor Prox1 in sympathetic ganglia of vertebrate embryos: correlation with human stage 4s neuroblastoma. Pediatr Res 2010; 68:112-7. [PMID: 20453716 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181e5bc0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we observed expression of the homeobox transcription factor Prox1 in neuroectodermal embryonic tissues. Besides essential functions during embryonic development, Prox1 has been implicated in both progression and suppression of malignancies. Here, we show that Prox1 is expressed in embryonic sympathetic trunk ganglia of avian and murine embryos. Prox1 protein is localized in the nucleus of neurofilament-positive sympathetic neurons. Sympathetic progenitors represent the cell of origin of neuroblastoma (NB), the most frequent solid extracranial malignancy of children. NB may progress to life-threatening stage 4, or regress spontaneously in the special stage 4s. By qRT-PCR, we show that Prox1 is expressed at low levels in 24 human NB cell lines compared with human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whereas equal immunostaining of nuclei can be seen in embryonic LECs and sympathetic neurons. In NB stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, we observed almost equal expression levels, but significantly higher amounts in stage 4s NB. By immunohistochemistry, we found variable amounts of Prox1 protein in nuclei of NB cells, showing intra and interindividual differences. Because stage 4s NB are susceptible to postnatal apoptosis, we assume that high Prox1 levels are critical for their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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22
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Zizioli D, Forlanelli E, Guarienti M, Nicoli S, Fanzani A, Bresciani R, Borsani G, Preti A, Cotelli F, Schu P. Characterization of the AP-1 μ1A and μ1B adaptins in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Dev Dyn 2010; 239:2404-12. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Guella I, Pistocchi A, Asselta R, Rimoldi V, Ghilardi A, Sironi F, Trotta L, Primignani P, Zini M, Zecchinelli A, Coviello D, Pezzoli G, Del Giacco L, Duga S, Goldwurm S. Mutational screening and zebrafish functional analysis of GIGYF2 as a Parkinson-disease gene. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 32:1994-2005. [PMID: 20060621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Grb10-Interacting GYF Protein-2 (GIGYF2) gene has been proposed as the Parkinson-disease (PD) gene underlying the PARK11 locus. However, association of GIGYF2 with PD has been challenged and a functional validation of GIGYF2 mutations is lacking. In this frame, we performed a mutational screening of GIGYF2 in an Italian PD cohort. Exons containing known mutations were analyzed in 552 cases and 552 controls. Thereafter, a subset of 184 familial PD cases and controls were subjected to a full coding-exon screening. These analyses identified 8 missense variations in 9 individuals (4 cases, 5 controls). Furthermore, we developed a zebrafish model of gigyf2 deficiency. Abrogation of gigyf2 function in zebrafish embryos did not lead to a drastic cell loss in diencephalic dopaminergic (DA) neuron clusters, suggesting that gigyf2 is not required for DA neuron differentiation. Notably, gigyf2 functional abrogation did not increase diencephalic DA neurons susceptibility to the PD-inducing drug MPP+. These data, together with those recently reported by other groups, suggest that GIGYF2 is unlikely to be the PARK11 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guella
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per le Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Pistocchi A, Feijóo CG, Cabrera P, Villablanca EJ, Allende ML, Cotelli F. The zebrafish prospero homolog prox1 is required for mechanosensory hair cell differentiation and functionality in the lateral line. BMC Dev Biol 2009; 9:58. [PMID: 19948062 PMCID: PMC2794270 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-9-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The lateral line system in zebrafish is composed of a series of organs called neuromasts, which are distributed over the body surface. Neuromasts contain clusters of hair cells, surrounded by accessory cells. Results In this report we describe zebrafish prox1 mRNA expression in the migrating primordium and in the neuromasts of the posterior lateral line. Furthermore, using an antibody against Prox1 we characterize expression of the protein in different cell types within neuromasts, and we show distribution among the supporting cells and hair cells. Conclusion Functional analysis using antisense morpholinos indicates that prox1 activity is crucial for the hair cells to differentiate properly and acquire functionality, while having no role in development of other cell types in neuromasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Kerner P, Simionato E, Le Gouar M, Vervoort M. Orthologs of key vertebrate neural genes are expressed during neurogenesis in the annelidPlatynereis dumerilii. Evol Dev 2009; 11:513-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142x.2009.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Borodovsky N, Ponomaryov T, Frenkel S, Levkowitz G. Neural protein Olig2 acts upstream of the transcriptional regulator Sim1 to specify diencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:826-34. [PMID: 19253397 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural factors are expressed in neural progenitors and regulate neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Recent studies suggested that these factors are also involved in determining specific neuronal fates by regulating the expression of their target genes, thereby creating transcriptional codes for neuronal subtype specification. In the present study, we show that in the zebrafish the neural gene Olig2 and the transcriptional regulator Sim1 are co-expressed in a subset of diencephalic progenitors destined towards the dopaminergic (DA) neuronal fate. While sim1 mRNA is also detected in mature DA neurons, the expression of olig2 is extinguished prior to terminal DA differentiation. Loss of function of either Olig2 or Sim1 leads to impaired DA development. Finally, Olig2 regulates the expression of Sim1 and gain of function of Sim1 rescues the deficits in DA differentiation caused by targeted knockdown of Olig2. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that commitment of basal diencephalic DA neurons is regulated by the combined action of the neural protein Olig2 and its downstream neuronal specific effector Sim1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Borodovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Deguchi T, Fujimori KE, Kawasaki T, Ohgushi H, Yuba S. Molecular cloning and gene expression of the prox1a and prox1b genes in the medaka, Oryzias latipes. Gene Expr Patterns 2009; 9:341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pistocchi A, Bartesaghi S, Cotelli F, Del Giacco L. Identification and expression pattern of zebrafish prox2 during embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2009; 237:3916-20. [PMID: 19035352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prox2, together with the previously isolated Prox1, is the vertebrate homolog of the Drosophila homeobox-containing gene prospero, the founder member of a family of transcription factors which have been shown to play critical roles in many developmental events. We have isolated a cDNA which encodes a putative protein that shares a high degree of homology with mammalian Prox1, Prox2, and zebrafish Prox1. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that this protein corresponds to the zebrafish Prox2 homolog being the gene syntenic with the chromosome region hosting mouse Prox2. Whole-mount in situ experiments demonstrated that prox2 is expressed, during zebrafish embryonic development, in defined structures of the central nervous system and the eye, as previously reported in mouse. Additionally, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis disclosed prox2 expression in several adult organs. Finally, prox1 loss- and gain-of-function assays have been carried out to search for regulative effects on prox2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Recent Papers on Zebrafish and Other Aquarium Fish Models. Zebrafish 2008; 5:141-8. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2008.9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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