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Kastora SL, Kounidas G, Speirs V, Masannat YA. Integrative, In Silico and Comparative Analysis of Breast Cancer Secretome Highlights Invasive-Ductal-Carcinoma-Grade Progression Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3854. [PMID: 36010848 PMCID: PMC9406168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, BC is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. The aim of this study was to identify novel secreted biomarkers that may indicate progression to high-grade BC malignancies and therefore predict metastatic potential. A total of 33 studies of breast cancer and 78 of other malignancies were screened via a systematic review for eligibility, yielding 26 datasets, 8 breast cancer secretome datasets, and 18 of other cancers that were included in the comparative secretome analysis. Sequential bioinformatic analysis using online resources enabled the identification of enriched GO_terms, overlapping clusters, and pathway reconstruction. This study identified putative predictors of IDC grade progression and their association with breast cancer patient mortality outcomes, namely, HSPG2, ACTG1, and LAMA5 as biomarkers of in silico pathway prediction, offering a putative approach by which the abovementioned proteins may mediate their effects, enabling disease progression. This study also identified ITGB1, FBN1, and THBS1 as putative pan-cancer detection biomarkers. The present study highlights novel, putative secretome biomarkers that may provide insight into the tumor biology and could inform clinical decision making in the context of IDC management in a non-invasive manner.
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Patuleia SIS, Suijkerbuijk KPM, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. Nipple Aspirate Fluid at a Glance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010159. [PMID: 35008326 PMCID: PMC8750428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) is a promising source of markers for detection of breast cancer. NAF can be acquired via the nipple by aspiration using a suction device, which is well tolerated by women. Future possible applications of biomarkers for breast cancer derived from NAF could be (1) as a detection tool to identify the initiation of the cancer development process, (2) as an additional tool next to imaging (mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging) or (3) as a replacement tool for when imaging is not advisable for women, such as during pregnancy and breastfeeding. With this paper, we present a narrative review and perspectives of NAF research at a glance. Abstract Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) is an intraductal mammary fluid that, because of its close proximity to and origin from the tissue from which breast cancer originates, is a promising source of biomarkers for early breast cancer detection. NAF can be non-invasively acquired via the nipple by aspiration using a suction device; using oxytocin nasal spray helps increase yield and tolerability. The aspiration procedure is generally experienced as more tolerable than the currently used breast imaging techniques mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging. Future applications of NAF-derived biomarkers include their use as a tool in the detection of breast carcinogenesis at its earliest stage (before a tumor mass can be seen by imaging), or as a supporting diagnostic tool for imaging, such as when imaging is less reliable (to rule out false positives from imaging) or when imaging is not advisable (such as during pregnancy and breastfeeding). Ongoing clinical studies using NAF samples will likely shed light on NAF’s content and clinical potential. Here, we present a narrative review and perspectives of NAF research at a glance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I. S. Patuleia
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.I.S.P.); (P.J.v.D.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.P.M.S.); (E.v.d.W.)
| | - Karijn P. M. Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.P.M.S.); (E.v.d.W.)
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.P.M.S.); (E.v.d.W.)
| | - Paul J. van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.I.S.P.); (P.J.v.D.)
| | - Cathy B. Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.I.S.P.); (P.J.v.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Patuleia SIS, van der Wall E, van Gils CH, Bakker MF, Jager A, Voorhorst-Ogink MM, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. The changing microRNA landscape by color and cloudiness: a cautionary tale for nipple aspirate fluid biomarker analysis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1339-1349. [PMID: 34655415 PMCID: PMC8648697 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigation of nipple aspirate fluid (NAF)-based microRNAs (miRNAs) as a potential screening tool for women at increased risk of developing breast cancer is the scope of our research. While aiming to identify discriminating NAF-miRNAs between women with different mammographic densities, we were confronted with an unexpected confounder: NAF sample appearance. Here we report and alert for the impact of NAF color and cloudiness on miRNA assessment. METHODS Seven classes of NAF colors coupled with cloudiness appearance were established. Using 173 NAF samples from 154 healthy women (19 samples were bilaterally collected), the expression of 14 target and 2 candidate endogenous control (EC) miRNAs was investigated using Taqman Advanced miRNA assays to identify significant differential expression patterns between color-cloudiness classes. Inter- and intra-individual variation of miRNA expression was analyzed using the coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS We found that between the seven NAF classes, fold change miRNA expression differences ranged between 2.4 and 19.6 depending on the interrogated miRNA. Clear NAF samples exhibited higher miRNA expression levels compared to cloudy NAF samples with fold change differences ranging between 1.1 and 6.2. Inter-individual and intra-individual miRNA expression was fairly stable (CV < 15 %), but nevertheless impacted by NAF sample appearance. Within NAF classes, inter-individual variation was largest for green samples (CV 6-15 %) and smallest for bloody samples (CV 2-6 %). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that NAF color and cloudiness influence miRNA expression and should, therefore, be systematically registered using an objective color classification system. Given that sample appearance is an inherent feature of NAF, these variables should be statistically controlled for in multivariate data analyses. This cautionary note and recommendations could be of value beyond the field of NAF-miRNAs, given that variability in sample color and cloudiness is likewise observed in liquid biopsies such as urine, cerebrospinal fluid and sputum, and could thereby influence the levels of miRNAs and other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I S Patuleia
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla H van Gils
- Department of Epidemiology of the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marije F Bakker
- Department of Epidemiology of the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M Voorhorst-Ogink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Ritchie S, Reed DA, Pereira BA, Timpson P. The cancer cell secretome drives cooperative manipulation of the tumour microenvironment to accelerate tumourigenesis. Fac Rev 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 33659922 PMCID: PMC7894270 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular secretions are a fundamental aspect of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in vivo. In malignancy, cancer cells have an aberrant secretome compared to their non-malignant counterparts, termed the "cancer cell secretome". The cancer cell secretome can influence every stage of the tumourigenic cascade. At the primary site, cancer cells can secrete a multitude of factors that facilitate invasion into surrounding tissue, allowing interaction with the local tumour microenvironment (TME), driving tumour development and progression. In more advanced disease, the cancer cell secretome can be involved in extravasation and metastasis, including metastatic organotropism, pre-metastatic niche (PMN) preparation, and metastatic outgrowth. In this review, we will explore the latest advances in the field of cancer cell secretions, including its dynamic and complex role in activating the TME and potentiating invasion and metastasis, with comments on how these secretions may also promote therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Ritchie
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A Reed
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Brooke A Pereira
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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Suraj J, Kurpińska A, Zakrzewska A, Sternak M, Stojak M, Jasztal A, Walczak M, Chlopicki S. Early and late endothelial response in breast cancer metastasis in mice: simultaneous quantification of endothelial biomarkers using a mass spectrometry-based method. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.036269. [PMID: 30683749 PMCID: PMC6451429 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays an important role in cancer metastasis, but the mechanisms involved are still not clear. In the present work, we characterised the changes in endothelial function at early and late stages of breast cancer progression in an orthotopic model of murine mammary carcinoma (4T1 cells). Endothelial function was analysed based on simultaneous microflow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring (microLC/MS-MRM) quantification of 12 endothelium-related biomarkers, including those reflecting glycocalyx disruption – syndecan-1 (SDC-1), endocan (ESM-1); endothelial inflammation – vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin (E-sel); endothelial permeability – fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT-1), angiopoietin 2 (Angpt-2); and haemostasis – von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), as well as those that are pathophysiologically linked to endothelial function – adrenomedullin (ADM) and adiponectin (ADN). The early phase of metastasis in mouse plasma was associated with glycocalyx disruption (increased SDC-1 and ESM-1), endothelial inflammation [increased soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1)] and increased vascular permeability (Angpt-2). During the late phase of metastasis, additional alterations in haemostasis (increased PAI-1 and vWF), as well as a rise in ADM and substantial fall in ADN concentration, were observed. In conclusion, in a murine model of breast cancer metastasis, we identified glycocalyx disruption, endothelial inflammation and increased endothelial permeability as important events in early metastasis, while the late phase of metastasis was additionally characterised by alterations in haemostasis. Summary: A microLC/MS-MRM-based approach for simultaneous determination of endothelium-related biomarkers identified glycocalyx disruption, endothelial inflammation and increased endothelial permeability as important events in early pulmonary metastasis in a murine model of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Suraj
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kurpińska
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zakrzewska
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland .,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland .,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Pharmacology, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
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Fortis SP, Vaxevanis CK, Mahaira LG, Sofopoulos M, Sotiriadou NN, Dinou A, Arnogiannaki N, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Thanos D, Baxevanis CN, Perez SA. Serum miRNA-based distinct clusters define three groups of breast cancer patients with different clinicopathological and immune characteristics. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:57-70. [PMID: 30276443 PMCID: PMC11028120 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is a heterogeneous disease with different histological, prognostic and clinical aspects. Therefore, the need for identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of disease, as well as treatment outcome prediction remains at the forefront of research. The search for circulating elements, obtainable by simple peripheral blood withdrawal, which may serve as possible biomarkers, constitutes still a challenge. In the present study, we have evaluated the expression of 6 circulating miRNAs, (miR-16, miR-21, miR-23α, miR-146α, miR-155 and miR-181α), in operable BCa patients, with non-metastatic, invasive ductal carcinoma, not receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These miRNAs, known to be involved in both tumor cell progression and immune pathways regulation, were analyzed in relation to circulating cytokines, tumor immune-cell infiltration and established prognostic clinicopathological characteristics. We have identified three different clusters, with overall low (C1), moderate (C2) or high (C3) expression levels of these six circulating miRNAs, which define three distinct groups of non-metastatic BCa patients characterized by different clinicopathological and immune-related characteristics, with possibly different clinical outcomes. Our data provide the proof-of-principle to support the notion that, up- or down-regulation of the same circulating miRNA may reflect different prognosis in BCa. Nonetheless, the prognostic and/or predictive potential of these three "signatures" needs to be further evaluated in larger cohorts of BCa patients with an, at least, 5-year clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios P Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos K Vaxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522, Athens, Greece
| | - Louisa G Mahaira
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Amalia Dinou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitris Thanos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin N Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522, Athens, Greece
| | - Sonia A Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522, Athens, Greece.
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Eltoukhy HS, Sinha G, Moore CA, Gergues M, Rameshwar P. Secretome within the bone marrow microenvironment: A basis for mesenchymal stem cell treatment and role in cancer dormancy. Biochimie 2018; 155:92-103. [PMID: 29859990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The secretome produced by cells within the bone marrow is significant to homeostasis. The bone marrow, a well-studied organ, has multiple niches with distinct roles for supporting stem cell functions. Thus, an understanding of mediators involved in the regulation of stem cells could serve as a model for clinical problems and solutions such as tissue repair and regeneration. The exosome secretome of bone marrow stem cells is a developing area of research with respect to the regenerative potential by bone marrow cell, particularly the mesenchymal stem cells. The bone marrow niche regulates endogenous processes such as hematopoiesis but could also support the survival of tumors such as facilitating the cancer stem cells to exist in dormancy for decades. The bone marrow-derived secretome will be critical to future development of therapeutic strategies for oncologic diseases, in addition to regenerative medicine. This article discusses the importance for parallel studies to determine how the same secretome may compromise safety during the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam S Eltoukhy
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Garima Sinha
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Caitlyn A Moore
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Marina Gergues
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Yang B, Patterson NH, Tsui T, Caprioli RM, Norris JL. Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry Reveals Changes in Lipid and Metabolite Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells upon Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29. [PMID: 29536413 PMCID: PMC5943162 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely recognized that individual cells that exist within a large population of cells, even if they are genetically identical, can have divergent molecular makeups resulting from a variety of factors, including local environmental factors and stochastic processes within each cell. Presently, numerous approaches have been described that permit the resolution of these single-cell expression differences for RNA and protein; however, relatively few techniques exist for the study of lipids and metabolites in this manner. This study presents a methodology for the analysis of metabolite and lipid expression at the level of a single cell through the use of imaging mass spectrometry on a high-performance Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. This report provides a detailed description of the overall experimental approach, including sample preparation as well as the data acquisition and analysis strategy for single cells. Applying this approach to the study of cultured RAW264.7 cells, we demonstrate that this method can be used to study the variation in molecular expression with cell populations and is sensitive to alterations in that expression that occurs upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Nathan Heath Patterson
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Tina Tsui
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Jeremy L Norris
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
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Shaheed SU, Tait C, Kyriacou K, Linforth R, Salhab M, Sutton C. Evaluation of nipple aspirate fluid as a diagnostic tool for early detection of breast cancer. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:3. [PMID: 29344009 PMCID: PMC5763528 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been tremendous progress in detection of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, resulting in two-thirds of women surviving more than 20 years after treatment. However, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in premenopausal women. Breast cancer is increasing in younger women due to changes in life-style as well as those at high risk as carriers of mutations in high-penetrance genes. Premenopausal women with breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive tumours and therefore have a lower survival rate. Mammography plays an important role in detecting breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but is considerably less sensitive in younger women. Imaging techniques, such as contrast-enhanced MRI improve sensitivity, but as with all imaging approaches, cannot differentiate between benign and malignant growths. Hence, current well-established detection methods are falling short of providing adequate safety, convenience, sensitivity and specificity for premenopausal women on a global level, necessitating the exploration of new methods. In order to detect and prevent the disease in high risk women as early as possible, methods that require more frequent monitoring need to be developed. The emergence of "omics" strategies over the last 20 years, enabling the characterisation and understanding of breast cancer at the molecular level, are providing the potential for long term, longitudinal monitoring of the disease. Tissue and serum biomarkers for breast cancer stratification, diagnosis and predictive outcome have emerged, but have not successfully translated into clinical screening for early detection of the disease. The use of breast-specific liquid biopsies, such as nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), a natural secretion produced by breast epithelial cells, can be collected non-invasively for biomarker profiling. As we move towards an age of active surveillance, home-based liquid biopsy collection kits are increasingly being applied and these could provide a paradigm shift where NAF biomarker profiling is used for routine breast health monitoring. The current status of established and newly emerging imaging techniques for early detection of breast cancer and the potential for alternative biomarker screening of liquid biopsies, particularly those applied to high-risk, premenopausal women, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadr-Ul Shaheed
- 1Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- 3The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Chris Sutton
- 1Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Abstract
The existence of cellular, molecular and biochemical heterogeneity of human breast cancers reveals the intricacy of biomarkers complexity, stimulating studies on new approaches (like "liquid biopsies") for the improvements in precision medicine. Breast cancer is recognized as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with tumors significantly diverse and containing many types of cells showing different genetic and epigenetic profiles. In this field, the technology of liquid biopsy (applied to a fluid produced by breast gland, named nipple aspirate fluids, NAF) highlights the power of combining basic and clinical research. NAF is the mirror of the entire ductal/alveolar breast tree providing almost complete proteomic profile and a valuable source for biomarker discovery, in non-invasive manner than tissue biopsies. The liquid biopsy technology using NAF may represent the outstanding breakthrough of proteomic cancer research revealing novel diagnostic and prognostic applications. In conjunction to metabolomic and degradome profiling, the use of NAF as liquid biopsy approach will improve the detection of changes in the cellular microenvironment of the breast tumors, understanding molecular and biochemical mechanisms which drive breast tumor initiation, maintenance and progression, and finally enhancing the development of novel drug targets and new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Mannello
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Dept of Biomolecular Sciences, University "Carlo Bo" of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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11
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Shaheed SU, Tait C, Kyriacou K, Mullarkey J, Burrill W, Patterson LH, Linforth R, Salhab M, Sutton CW. Nipple aspirate fluid-A liquid biopsy for diagnosing breast health. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28488344 PMCID: PMC5638085 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Nipple secretions are protein‐rich and a potential source of breast cancer biomarkers for breast cancer screening. Previous studies of specific proteins have shown limited correlation with clinicopathological features. Our aim, in this pilot study, was to investigate the intra‐ and interpatient protein composition of nipple secretions and the implications for their use as liquid biopsies. Experimental design Matched pairs of nipple discharge/nipple aspirate fluid (NAF, n = 15) were characterized for physicochemical properties and SDS‐PAGE. Four pairs were selected for semiquantitative proteomic profiling and trypsin‐digested peptides analyzed using 2D‐LC Orbitrap Fusion MS. The resulting data were subject to bioinformatics analysis and statistical evaluation for functional significance. Results A total of 1990 unique proteins were identified many of which are established cancer‐associated markers. Matched pairs shared the greatest similarity (average Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94), but significant variations between individuals were observed. Conclusions and clinical relevance This was the most complete proteomic study of nipple discharge/nipple aspirate fluid to date providing a valuable source for biomarker discovery. The high level of milk proteins in healthy volunteer samples compared to the cancer patients was associated with galactorrhoea. Using matched pairs increased confidence in patient‐specific protein levels but changes relating to cancer stage require investigation of a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadr-Ul Shaheed
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Wayne Burrill
- Ethical Tissue, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Chris W Sutton
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Do Canto LM, Marian C, Varghese RS, Ahn J, Da Cunha PA, Willey S, Sidawy M, Rone JD, Cheema AK, Luta G, Nezami ranjbar MR, Ressom HW, Haddad BR. Metabolomic profiling of breast tumors using ductal fluid. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2245-2254. [PMID: 27748798 PMCID: PMC5117995 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of new biomarkers for breast cancer remains critical in order to enhance early detection of the disease and improve its prognosis. Towards this end, we performed an untargeted metabolomic analysis of breast ductal fluid using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-light (UPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometer. We investigated the metabolomic profiles of breast tumors using ductal fluid samples collected by ductal lavage (DL). We studied fluid from both the affected breasts and the unaffected contralateral breasts (as controls) from 43 women with confirmed unilateral breast cancer. Using this approach, we identified 1560 ions in the positive mode and 538 ions in the negative mode after preprocessing of the UPLC‑QTOF data. Paired t-tests applied on these data matrices identified 209 ions (positive and negative modes combined) with significant change in intensity level between affected and unaffected control breasts (adjusted p-values <0.05). Among these, 83 ions (39.7%) showed a fold change (FC) >1.2 and 66 ions (31.6%) were identified with putative compound names. The metabolites that we identified included endogenous metabolites such as amino acid derivatives (N-Acetyl-DL-tryptophan) or products of lipid metabolism such as N-linoleoyl taurine, trans-2-dodecenoylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)), glycerophospholipids PG(18:0/0:0), and phosphatidylserine PS(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z). Generalized LASSO regression further selected 21 metabolites when race, menopausal status, smoking, grade and TNM stage were adjusted for. A predictive conditional logistic regression model, using the LASSO selected 21 ions, provided diagnostic accuracy with the area under the curve of 0.956 (sensitivity/specificity of 0.907/0.884). This is the first study that shows the feasibility of conducting a comprehensive metabolomic profiling of breast tumors using breast ductal fluid to detect changes in the cellular microenvironment of the tumors and shows the potential for this approach to be used to improve detection of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Human/physiology
- Mass Spectrometry
- Metabolome/physiology
- Metabolomics/methods
- Middle Aged
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Matos Do Canto
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Catalin Marian
- Biochemistry Department, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rency S. Varghese
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Patricia A. Da Cunha
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Shawna Willey
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Mary Sidawy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Pathology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Janice D. Rone
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - George Luta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Mohammad R. Nezami ranjbar
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Habtom W. Ressom
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Bassem R. Haddad
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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Zhou L, Wang K, Li Q, Nice EC, Zhang H, Huang C. Clinical proteomics-driven precision medicine for targeted cancer therapy: current overview and future perspectives. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:367-81. [PMID: 26923776 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1159959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a common disease that is a leading cause of death worldwide. Currently, early detection and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for more effective management of cancer. Importantly, protein profiling using clinical proteomic strategies, with spectacular sensitivity and precision, offer excellent promise for the identification of potential biomarkers that would direct the development of targeted therapeutic anticancer drugs for precision medicine. In particular, clinical sample sources, including tumor tissues and body fluids (blood, feces, urine and saliva), have been widely investigated using modern high-throughput mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches combined with bioinformatic analysis, to pursue the possibilities of precision medicine for targeted cancer therapy. Discussed in this review are the current advantages and limitations of clinical proteomics, the available strategies of clinical proteomics for the management of precision medicine, as well as the challenges and future perspectives of clinical proteomics-driven precision medicine for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu , P.R. China.,b Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , Hainan , P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- b Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , Hainan , P.R. China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- a State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu , P.R. China.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- b Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , Hainan , P.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu , P.R. China.,b Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , Hainan , P.R. China
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14
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Wei H, Fu P, Yao M, Chen Y, Du L. Breast cancer stem cells phenotype and plasma cell-predominant breast cancer independently indicate poor survival. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:294-301. [PMID: 26857534 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer stem cell-tumor microenvironment ecosystem is proposed to drive tumor heterogeneity. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer ecosystem were demonstrated to indicate better prognosis and benefit from chemotherapy. This study sought to detect the association between breast cancer stem cells and TILs. METHODS 92 patients with breast cancer were enrolled. Matched cancerous and paracancerous tissues were assembled in a tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry was employed to test expression of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) markers. TILs counts were estimated with global hematoxylin-eosin staining. The association between TILs and BCSCs phenotypes was analysed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS Although it was unable to find direct significant association between BCSCs phenotypes and TILs, the BCSCs phenotype with CD44(+)CD24(-)ALDH1A1(+)EpCAM(+)CD49f(+) was proved to be associated with worse DFS and OS (P=0.037 and 0.001). This result was confirmed by cox proportional-hazards regression model (for DFS and OS respectively, HR=2.438 and 3.383, P=0.019 [95%CI 1.418-3.457] and 0.025 [95%CI 1.162-9.843]). Additionally, in results of TILs, plasma cell-predominant breast cancer (PPBC) was unexpectedly found to indicate worse OS and HR was 2.686 (P=0.038 [95%CI 1.582-3.789]). CONCLUSIONS The BCSCs phenotype and PPBC may be helpful stratified factors in future clinical trials. The underlying mechanism needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wei
- Breast Center, the Fist Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003 China.
| | - Peifen Fu
- Breast Center, the Fist Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003 China.
| | - Minya Yao
- Breast Center, the Fist Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003 China.
| | - Yaomin Chen
- Breast Center, the Fist Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003 China.
| | - Linlin Du
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009 China.
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15
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Zhou L, Li Q, Wang J, Huang C, Nice EC. Oncoproteomics: Trials and tribulations. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:516-31. [PMID: 26518147 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Chengdu P. R. China
- Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou Hainan P. R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou Hainan P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Biomedical; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu Sichuan Province P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Chengdu P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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16
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Ferrer I, Verdugo-sivianes EM, Castilla MA, Melendez R, Marin JJ, Muñoz-galvan S, Lopez-guerra JL, Vieites B, Ortiz-gordillo MJ, De León JM, Praena-fernandez JM, Perez M, Palacios J, Carnero A. Loss of the tumor suppressor spinophilin (PPP1R9B) increases the cancer stem cell population in breast tumors. Oncogene 2016; 35:2777-88. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Li CC, Yao HT, Cheng FJ, Hsieh YH, Lu CY, Wu CC, Liu KL, Chang JW. Docosahexaenoic Acid Downregulates EGF-Induced Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression by Inactivating EGFR/ErbB2 Signaling in SK-BR3 Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:771-82. [PMID: 25970488 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1037961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) play crucial roles in tumor metastasis. Despite the well-known anticancer role of docosa-hexaenoic acid (DHA), its specific effect on ErbB2-mediated breast cancer metastasis is not fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of DHA on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced uPA and MMP-9 activity, expression and cell invasion in SK-BR3 breast cancer cells and the possible mechanisms involved. The results showed that EGF (40 ng/ml) induced uPA and MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression, enzyme activity, and 100 μM DHA significantly inhibited EGF-induced uPA and MMP-9 mRNA, protein expression, enzyme activity, cell migration, and cell invasion. EGF increased protein expression and phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 as well as of JNK2, ERK1/2, and Akt, and these changes were attenuated by DHA pretreatment. AG1478, an inhibitor of EGFR, also attenuated EGF-induced activation of EGFR, JNK2, ERK1/2, and Akt. Knocked down ErbB2 expression resulted in a similar inhibition of uPA and MMP-9 expression as noted by DHA and AG1478. Taken together, these results suggest that suppression of EGF-induced metastasis by DHA is likely through an inhibition of EGFR and ErbB2 protein expression and the downstream target uPA and MMP-9 activation in SK-BR3 human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chun Li
- a School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
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18
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Abstract
Metabolites as an end product of metabolism possess a wealth of information about altered metabolic control and homeostasis that is dependent on numerous variables including age, sex, and environment. Studying significant changes in the metabolite patterns has been recognized as a tool to understand crucial aspects in drug development like drug efficacy and toxicity. The inclusion of metabonomics into the OMICS study platform brings us closer to define the phenotype and allows us to look at alternatives to improve the diagnosis of diseases. Advancements in the analytical strategies and statistical tools used to study metabonomics allow us to prevent drug failures at early stages of drug development and reduce financial losses during expensive phase II and III clinical trials. This chapter introduces metabonomics along with the instruments used in the study; in addition relevant examples of the usage of metabonomics in the drug development process are discussed along with an emphasis on future directions and the challenges it faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranov Ramana
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N2 PB 923, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Herrera ACS, Victorino VJ, Campos FC, Verenitach BD, Lemos LT, Aranome AMF, Oliveira SR, Cecchini AL, Simão ANC, Abdelhay E, Panis C, Cecchini R. Impact of tumor removal on the systemic oxidative profile of patients with breast cancer discloses lipid peroxidation at diagnosis as a putative marker of disease recurrence. Clin Breast Cancer 2014; 14:451-9. [PMID: 25077997 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested a regulatory role for some of the metabolites derived from oxidative stress in breast cancer. In this way, cancer-induced oxidative changes could modify the breast environment and potentially trigger systemic responses that may affect disease prognosis and recurrence. In this study, we investigated the systemic oxidative profile of women with early breast cancer bearing the primary tumor and after tumor withdrawal, and its long-term implications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Plasma samples were collected at diagnosis, and the systemic oxidative profile was determined by evaluating the lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity of plasma (TRAP), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonylation, and hydroperoxides. Nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were further measured. We also evaluated the impact of the oxidative profiling at diagnosis on disease recurrence in a 5-year follow-up. RESULTS Enhanced oxidative stress was detected in patients bearing the primary tumors, characterized by high lipid peroxidation, TRAP consumption, high carbonyl content, and elevated VEGF and TNF-α levels. After tumor removal, the systemic oxidative status presented attenuation in lipid peroxidation, MDA, VEGF, and TNF-α. The 5-year recurrence analysis indicated that all patients who recidivated presented high levels of lipid peroxidation measured by chemiluminescence at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the presence of the primary tumor is indicative of the systemic pro-oxidant status of breast cancer and demonstrates a role for lipid peroxidation in disease recurrence, highlighting the need for a metabolic follow-up of patients with cancer at diagnosis before tumor removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina S Herrera
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Londrina Cancer Institute, Londrina, Paraná
| | | | - Fernanda C Campos
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Lauana T Lemos
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriano M F Aranome
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sayonara R Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra L Cecchini
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andrea Name C Simão
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Cancer Institute, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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