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Zhang B, Li D, Song A, Ren Q, Cai S, Wang P, Tan W, Zhang G, Guo J, Sun J. Characteristics of Patent Foramen Ovale: Analysis from a Single Center. Cardiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35433044 PMCID: PMC9007672 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5430598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To collect and analyze data of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Methods This study included a total of 260 patients diagnosed with PFO. We analyzed basic clinical data such as sex, age, transesophageal echocardiography as well as other symptoms. Results Our data showed that females accounted for the highest proportion of PFO (166 females, 64%), with the highest number of patients (65 patients) having between 45 and 55 years. Transesophageal echocardiography examination demonstrated frequent occurrence of tunnel-like anatomical structures. In addition, PFO was associated with symptoms such as migraine, stroke or TIA, syncope, chest tightness, and palpitations, with dizziness being the most common symptom in the patients with PFO. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that females accounted for the highest proportion of PFO patients, with those aged between 45 and 55 years being most affected. The most frequently encountered clinical symptom was dizziness. Taken together, these findings may help doctors to better understand and screen for PFO patients.
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Cho KK, Khanna S, Lo P, Cheng D, Roy D. Persistent pathology of the patent foramen ovale: a review of the literature. Med J Aust 2021; 215:89-93. [PMID: 34218432 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an interatrial shunt, with a prevalence of 20-34% in the general population. While most people do not have secondary manifestations of a PFO, some reported sequelae include ischaemic stroke, migraine, platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome and decompression illness. Furthermore, in some cases, PFO closure should be considered for patients before neurosurgery and for patients with concomitant carcinoid syndrome. Recent trials support PFO closure for ischaemic stroke patients with high risk PFOs and absence of other identified stroke mechanisms. While PFOs can be associated with migraine with auras, with some patients reporting symptomatic improvement after closure, the evidence from randomised controlled trials is less clear in supporting the use of PFO closure for migraine treatment. PFO closure for other indications such as platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome, decompression illness and paradoxical embolism are based largely on case series with good clinical outcomes. PFO closure can be performed as a day surgical intervention with high procedural success and low risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Cho
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW.,Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW
| | - Shaun Khanna
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
| | - Phillip Lo
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - David Roy
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
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3
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Sesti F, Pofi R, Pozza C, Minnetti M, Gianfrilli D, Kanakis GA. Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Klinefelter's Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5556-5563. [PMID: 33138758 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201102105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
More than 70 years have passed since the first description of Klinefelter Syndrome (KS), the most frequent chromosome disorder causing male infertility and hypogonadism. KS is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality due to several comorbidities, including hypogonadism, as well as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, which are highly prevalent in these patients. Aside from metabolic disturbances, patients with KS suffer from both acquired and congenital CV abnormalities, cerebrovascular thromboembolic disease, subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, which may all contribute to increased CV mortality. The mechanisms involved in this increased risk of CV morbidity and mortality are not entirely understood. More research is needed to better characterise the CV manifestations, elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and define the contribution of testosterone replacement to restoring CV health in KS patients. This review explores the complex association between KS, metabolic syndrome and CV risk in order to plan future studies and improve strategies to reduce mortality in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Minnetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - George A Kanakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Athens Naval & VA Hospital, 11525, Athens, Greece
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4
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Serna-Gallegos D, Sultan I. Commentary: Clot in transit: Catch it when you can. JTCVS Tech 2020; 4:145-146. [PMID: 34317991 PMCID: PMC8306498 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2020.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Serna-Gallegos
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.,Center for Thoracic Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Ibrahim Sultan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.,Center for Thoracic Aortic Disease, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
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5
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Zhang L, Liu L, Kowey PR, Fontaine GH. The electrocardiographic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Curr Cardiol Rev 2014; 10:237-45. [PMID: 24827798 PMCID: PMC4040875 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x10666140514102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ECG is abnormal in most patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). Right ventricular parietal block, reduced QRS amplitude, epsilon wave, T wave inversion in V1-3 and ventricular tachycardia in the morphology of left bundle branch block are the characteristic changes that reflect the underlying genetic predetermined pathology and pathoelectrophysiology. Recognizing the characteristic ECG changes in ARVD will be of help in making a correct diagnosis of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guy H Fontaine
- Lankenau Medical Center & Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 558 MOB East, 100 Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA.
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6
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Miyazawa A, Vardiman P, Magee LM, Washington E. Cryptogenic stroke associated with patent foramen ovale in a collegiate volleyball athlete: a case report. Sports Health 2010; 2:395-7. [PMID: 23015966 PMCID: PMC3445063 DOI: 10.1177/1941738110374598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptogenic stroke is a form of cerebral vascular accident that has an unknown origin and is rarely associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine headaches. This is an uncommon occurrence in young, healthy, active adults, and it is increasingly rare for the episode to occur during an athletic competition. Stroke is easily recognizable with its distinct signs and symptoms, but it is also easily confused with many of its differential diagnoses, such as seizures or head trauma, if the episode occurs during an athletic competition. This case report describes the stroke episode, incidence of migraine headaches, diagnostic testing, and surgical management of a college female volleyball athlete who suffered a cryptogenic stroke associated with PFO during an athletic competition. Diagnostic testing included magnetic resonance imaging with contrast, electroencephalograph, lower extremity Doppler testing, and a transesophageal echocardiograph with agitated saline study. Surgical correction of the PFO included a cardiac catheterization percutaneous procedure based on fluoroscopic and echocardiograph imaging. After release from physicians, the athlete returned to full participation in the sport of volleyball, where she competed for the next 2 years without complications. The patient has reported no symptoms from stroke or PFO closure procedure in 3 years, and migraine headaches have decreased in severity, frequency, and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Miyazawa
- University of Kansas Athletic Department, Lawrence, Kansas
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Horibata Y, Nishigami K, Tomita A, Uesugi H, Nakao K. Serial images of thrombi traversing the interaterial septum through a patent foramen ovale. J Echocardiogr 2009; 7:61-2. [PMID: 27278383 DOI: 10.1007/s12574-009-0014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Horibata
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 5-3-1 Chikami, Kumamoto, 861-4193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishigami
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 5-3-1 Chikami, Kumamoto, 861-4193, Japan.
| | - Ayako Tomita
- Cardiovascular Echo Laboratory, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Uesugi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakao
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center, 5-3-1 Chikami, Kumamoto, 861-4193, Japan
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8
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Ayli M, Ertek S. Serious venous thromboembolism, heterozygous factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations in a patient with Klinefelter syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Intern Med 2009; 48:1681-5. [PMID: 19755774 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.48.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is a common cause of man infertility characterized by small testes, gynecomastia and hypogonadism. Deep vein thrombosis and thomboembolic events are frequent in these patients. Hormone imbalance and co-existent mutations in the coagulation system may be the primary factors in this hypercoagulable state. The increased thromboembolic risk in hypogonadic men has been explained by hypofibrinolysis due to androgen deficiency. Regarding the association between KS and congenital and acquired thrombophilias, to date, only three cases have been. Here, we present the youngest KS case with pulmonary thromboembolism with the heterozygous mutations in factor V Leiden and prothrombin genes, as detected by further tests. He had the previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and body mass index was 30 kg/m(2). Our report discusses the prothrombotic state in KS patients, with other possible causes for the young presentation and the importance of necessary tests in emergency service admissions with embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Ayli
- Department of Hematology, Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
The case of a 25-year-old man with a partial atrioventricular canal defect (PAVCD) with Klinefelter syndrome is reported here. The patient had Klinefelter syndrome associated with an atrial septal defect and the cleft of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, 79 Qinchun Road, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, 310003, China
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