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Xu G, Zhou M, Chen Y, Song Q, Sun W, Wang J. Brain activation during standing balance control in dual-task paradigm and its correlation among older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a fNIRS study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:144. [PMID: 38341561 PMCID: PMC10859010 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the balance ability and functional brain oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) under single and dual tasks, and also investigate their relationship. Neural regulatory mechanisms of the brain in the MCI were shed light on in balance control conditions. METHODS 21 older adults with MCI (female = 12, age: 71.19 ± 3.36 years) were recruited as the experimental group and 19 healthy older adults (female = 9, age: 70.16 ± 4.54 years) as the control group. Participants completed balance control of single task and dual task respectively. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and force measuring platform are used to collect hemodynamic signals of the PFC and center of pressure (COP) data during the balance task, respectively. RESULTS The significant Group*Task interaction effect was found in maximal displacement of the COP in the medial-lateral (ML) direction (D-ml), 95% confidence ellipse area (95%AREA), root mean square (RMS), the RMS in the ML direction (RMS-ml), the RMS in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction (RMS-ap), sway path (SP), the sway path in the ML direction (SP-ml), and the sway path in the AP direction (SP-ap). The significant group effect was detected for five regions of interest (ROI), namely the left Brodmann area (BA) 45 (L45), the right BA45 (R45), the right BA10 (R10), the left BA46 (L46), and the right BA11 (R11). Under single task, maximal displacement of the COP in the AP direction (D-ap), RMS, and RMS-ap were significantly negatively correlated with R45, L45, and R11 respectively. Under dual task, both RMS and 95%AREA were correlated positively with L45, and both L10 and R10 were positively correlated with RMS-ap. CONCLUSION The MCI demonstrated worse balance control ability as compared to healthy older adults. The greater activation of PFC under dual tasks in MCI may be considered a compensatory strategy for maintaining the standing balance. The brain activation was negatively correlated with balance ability under single task, and positively under dual task. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR2100044221 , 12/03/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocai Xu
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mian Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Weishan People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qipeng Song
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangna Wang
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Marusic U, Mahoney JR. Editorial: The intersection of cognitive, motor, and sensory processing in aging: links to functional outcomes, volume II. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1340547. [PMID: 38239490 PMCID: PMC10794332 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1340547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uros Marusic
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea - ECM, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jeannette R. Mahoney
- Division of Cognitive and Motor Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Bohlke K, Perera S, Baillargeon EM, Redfern MS, Sparto PJ, Sejdic E, Rosso AL. Exercise interventions, postural control, and prefrontal cortex activation in older adults. Brain Cogn 2023; 171:106063. [PMID: 37523831 PMCID: PMC10529535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Improving postural control in older adults is necessary for reducing fall risk, and prefrontal cortex activation may also play a role. We sought to examine the impact of exercise interventions on postural control and prefrontal cortex activation during standing balance tasks. We hypothesized that balance would improve and prefrontal control would be reduced. We assessed a subset of participants enrolled in a randomized trial of two exercise interventions. Both groups completed strength and endurance training and the experimental treatment arm included training on timing and coordination of stepping. Postural control and prefrontal cortex activation were measured during dual-task standing balance tasks before and after the intervention. Eighteen participants in the standard strengthening and mobility training arm and 16 in the timing and coordination training arm were included. We examined pre- to post-intervention changes within each study arm, and compared them between interventions. Results did not show any pre- to post-intervention changes on standing postural control nor prefrontal cortex activation in either arm. In addition, there were no differences between the two intervention arms in either balance or prefrontal activation. While exercise interventions can improve mobility, we do not demonstrate evidence of improved standing balance or prefrontal control in standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Bohlke
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Subashan Perera
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Emma M Baillargeon
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Mark S Redfern
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Patrick J Sparto
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Ervin Sejdic
- The Edward S. Rogers, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario ON M5S, Canada; North York General Hospital, 4001 Leslie St., Toronto, Ontario ON M2K, Canada.
| | - Andrea L Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Lapanan K, Kantha P, Nantachai G, Hemrungrojn S, Maes M. The prefrontal cortex hemodynamic responses to dual-task paradigms in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17812. [PMID: 37519646 PMCID: PMC10372207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a method to measure cerebral hemodynamics. Determining the changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamics during dual-task paradigms is essential in explaining alterations in physical activities, especially in older adults. Aims To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of dual-task paradigms on PFC hemodynamics in older adults. Methods The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until March 2023 to identify studies on the effects of dual-task paradigms on PFC hemodynamics. The meta-analysis included variables of cerebral hemodynamics, such as oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR). The heterogeneity of the included studies was determined using the I2 statistic. Additionally, subgroup analysis was conducted to compare the effects of different types of cognitive tasks. Results A total of 37 studies were included in the systematic review, 25 studies comprising 2224 older adults were included in the meta-analysis. Our findings showed that inhibitory control and working memory tasks significantly increased HbO2 in the PFC by 0.53 (p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.70) and 0.13 (p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.18) μmol/L, respectively. Overall, HbO2 was significantly increased during dual-task paradigms by 0.36 μmol/L (P < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.45). Moreover, dual-task paradigms also decreased HbR in the PFC by 0.04 (P < 0.01, 95% CI = -0.07 to -0.01). Specifically, HbR decreased by 0.08 during inhibitory control tasks (p < 0.01, 95% CI = -0.13 to -0.02), but did not change during working memory tasks. Conclusion Cognitive tasks related to inhibitory control required greater cognitive demands, indicating higher pfc activation during dual-task paradigms in older adults. for clinical implications, the increase in pfc oxygenated hemoglobin and decrease in pfc deoxygenated hemoglobin may help explain why older adults are more likely to fall during daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulvara Lapanan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychiatry Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phunsuk Kantha
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Gallayaporn Nantachai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Somdet Phra Sangharaj Nyanasamvara Geriatric Hospital, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Chon Buri Province, Thailand
| | - Solaphat Hemrungrojn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychiatry Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychiatry Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Mental Health Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Wang D, Zhou J, Huang Y, Yu H. Identifying the changes in the cortical activity of various brain regions for different balance tasks: A review. NeuroRehabilitation 2023:NRE220285. [PMID: 37125575 DOI: 10.3233/nre-220285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance support is critical to a person's overall function and health. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that cortical structures play an essential role in postural control. OBJECTIVE This review aims to identify differences in the pattern of neural activity induced by balance tasks with different balance control requirements. METHODS Seventy-four articles were selected from the field of balance training and were examined based on four brain function detection technologies. RESULTS In general, most studies focused on the activity changes of various cortical areas during training at different difficulty levels, but more and more attention has also begun to focus on the functional changes of other cortical and deep subcortical structures. Our analysis also revealed the neglect of certain task types. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we identify and discuss future research directions that may contribute to a clear understanding of neural functional plasticity under different tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duojin Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiankang Zhou
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliu Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China
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Kvist A, Bezuidenhout L, Johansson H, Albrecht F, Ekman U, Conradsson DM, Franzén E. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure prefrontal cortex activity during dual-task walking and navigated walking: A feasibility study. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2948. [PMID: 36917560 PMCID: PMC10097069 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide insight into motor-cognitive deficits during ecologically valid gait conditions, the feasibility of using fNIRS during complex walking remains unknown. We tested the process and scientific feasibility of using an fNIRS device to measure cortical activity during complex walking tasks consisting of straight walking and navigated walking under single and dual-task (DT) conditions. METHODS Nineteen healthy people from 18 to 64 years (mean age: 45.7 years) participated in this study which consisted of three complex walking protocols: (i) straight walking, DT walking (walking while performing an auditory Stroop task) and single-task auditory Stroop, (ii) straight and navigated walking, and (iii) navigated walking and navigated DT walking. A rest condition (standing still) was also included in each protocol. Process feasibility outcomes included evaluation of the test procedures and participant experience during and after each protocol. Scientific feasibility outcomes included signal quality measures, and the ability to measure changes in concentration of deoxygenated and oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex. RESULTS All participants were able to complete the three protocols with most agreeing that the equipment was comfortable (57.9%) and that the testing duration was adequate (73.7%). Most participants did not feel tired (94.7%) with some experiencing pain (42.1%) during the protocols. The signal qualities were high for each protocol. Compared to the rest condition, there was an increase in oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex when performing dual-task walking and navigation. CONCLUSION We showed that our experimental setup was feasible for assessing activity in the prefrontal cortex with fNIRS during complex walking. The experimental setup was deemed acceptable and practicable. Signal quality was good during complex walking conditions and findings suggest that the different tasks elicit a differential brain activity, supporting scientific feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kvist
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucian Bezuidenhout
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hanna Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franziska Albrecht
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Ekman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Moulaee Conradsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Šömen MM, Peskar M, Wollesen B, Gramann K, Marusic U. Does Standing Up Enhance Performance on the Stroop Task in Healthy Young Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2319. [PMID: 36767687 PMCID: PMC9915369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the changes in cognitive processing that accompany changes in posture can expand our understanding of embodied cognition and open new avenues for applications in (neuro)ergonomics. Recent studies have challenged the question of whether standing up alters cognitive performance. An electronic database search for randomized controlled trials was performed using Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science following PRISMA guidelines, PICOS framework, and standard quality assessment criteria (SQAC). We pooled data from a total of 603 healthy young adults for incongruent and 578 for congruent stimuli and Stroop effect (mean age = 24 years). Using random-effects results, no difference was found between sitting and standing for the Stroop effect (Hedges' g = 0.13, 95% CI = -0.04 to 0.29, p = 0.134), even when comparing congruent (Hedges' g = 0.10; 95% CI: -0.132 to 0.339; Z = 0.86; p = 0.389) and incongruent (Hedges' g = 0.18; 95% CI: -0.072 to 0.422; Z = 1.39; p = 0.164) stimuli separately. Importantly, these results imply that changing from a seated to a standing posture in healthy young adults is unlikely to have detrimental effects on selective attention and cognitive control. To gain a full understanding of this phenomenon, further research should examine this effect in a population of healthy older adults, as well as in a population with pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Maša Šömen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Garibaldijeva Ulica 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Manca Peskar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Garibaldijeva Ulica 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Wollesen
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Human Movement and Training Science, Institute of Human Movement Science, Psychology and Human Movement, University Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Gramann
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uros Marusic
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Garibaldijeva Ulica 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea—ECM, Slovenska Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Levin O, Vints WAJ, Ziv G, Katkutė G, Kušleikienė S, Valatkevičienė K, Sheoran S, Drozdova-Statkevičienė M, Gleiznienė R, Pääsuke M, Dudonienė V, Himmelreich U, Česnaitienė VJ, Masiulis N. Neurometabolic correlates of posturography in normal aging and older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Evidence from a 1H-MRS study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103304. [PMID: 36580713 PMCID: PMC9827054 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) holds promise for revealing and understanding neurodegenerative processes associated with cognitive and functional impairments in aging. In the present study, we examined the neurometabolic correlates of balance performance in 42 cognitively intact older adults (healthy controls - HC) and 26 older individuals that were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Neurometabolite ratios of total N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA), glutamate-glutamine complex (Glx), total choline (tCho) and myo-inositol (mIns) relative to total creatine (tCr) were assessed using single voxel 1H-MRS in four different brain regions. Regions of interest were the left hippocampus (HPC), dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), left sensorimotor cortex (SM1), and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Center-of-pressure velocity (Vcop) and dual task effect (DTE) were used as measures of balance performance. Results indicated no significant group differences in neurometabolite ratios and balance performance measures. However, our observations revealed that higher tCho/tCr and mIns/tCr in hippocampus and dPCC were generic predictors of worse balance performance, suggesting that neuroinflammatory processes in these regions might be a driving factor for impaired balance performance in aging. Further, we found that higher tNAA/tCr and mIns/tCr and lower Glx/tCr in left SM1 were predictors of better balance performance in MCI but not in HC. The latter observation hints at the possibility that individuals with MCI may upregulate balance control through recruitment of sensorimotor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oron Levin
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
| | - Wouter A J Vints
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante Zorggroep, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands.
| | - Gal Ziv
- The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya 4290200, Israel
| | - Gintarė Katkutė
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simona Kušleikienė
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Valatkevičienė
- Department of Radiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Samrat Sheoran
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Rymantė Gleiznienė
- Department of Radiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mati Pääsuke
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vilma Dudonienė
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vida J Česnaitienė
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Masiulis
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Xia Y, Tang X, Hu R, Liu J, Zhang Q, Tian S, Wang W, Li C, Zhu Y. Cerebellum-Cerebrum paired target magnetic stimulation on balance function and brain network of patients with stroke: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy pilot study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1071328. [PMID: 36619935 PMCID: PMC9813387 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1071328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modulation over the cerebellum, primary motor cortex, and supplementary motor cortex individually can improve the balance function of patients with stroke. However, whether their combination could have a better balance modulation effect is uncertain. Therefore, we hypothesized that performing TMS over a combination of these targets can regulate the balance function of patients with stroke. We compared the effects of one-session TMS on eye-open and eye-closed balance conditions in patients with stroke, using different target pairs of unilateral cerebellar (CB-single), cerebellar-primary motor cortex (CB-M1), and cerebellar-supplementary motor area (CB-SMA) targets. A total of 31 patients with stroke were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups to receive single sessions of intermittent theta burst stimulation each. Functional near-infrared spectrum data on resting and standing task states (eye-open and eye-closed) and center of pressure parameters (eye-open and eye-closed) were collected before and after the intervention. Compared with the results in the CB-single group, five intergroup differences in the changes in the center of pressure parameters in the CB-M1 group and two significant differences in the CB-SMA group were observed after one session of intermittent theta burst stimulation. In the CB-SMA group, 12 out of the 14 parameters improved significantly in the EC condition after the intervention. Meanwhile, the functional near-infrared spectrum results showed that the CB-SMA group exhibited a significant inhibitory pattern in the resting-state functional connectivity, which was not observed in the other two groups. In conclusion, we believe that paired targeting of the CB-SMA can reshape the brain network and improve the balance function of patients with stroke.
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Saraiva M, Paszkiel S, Vilas-boas JP, Castro MA. Influence of Cognitive Task Difficulty in Postural Control and Hemodynamic Response in the Prefrontal Cortex during Static Postural Standing. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:6363. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In daily life, we perform several tasks simultaneously, and it is essential to have adequate postural control to succeed. Furthermore, when performing two or more tasks concurrently, changes in postural oscillation are expected due to the competition for the attentional resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the center of pressure (CoP) behavior and the hemodynamic response of the prefrontal cortex during static postural standing while performing cognitive tasks of increasing levels of difficulty on a smartphone in young adults. Participants were 35 healthy young adults (mean age ± SD = 22.91 ± 3.84 years). Postural control was assessed by the CoP analysis (total excursion of the CoP (TOTEX CoP), displacements of the CoP in medial–lateral (CoP-ML) and anterior–posterior (CoP-AP) directions, mean total velocity displacement of CoP (MVELO CoP), mean displacement velocity of CoP in medial–lateral (MVELO CoP-ML) and anterior–posterior (MVELO CoP-AP) directions, and 95% confidence ellipse sway area (CEA)), the hemodynamic response by the oxyhemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]), deoxyhemoglobin ([deoxy-Hb]), and total hemoglobin ([total-Hb]) concentrations using a force plate and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR), respectively. The results showed that the difficult cognitive task while performing static postural standing caused an increase in all CoP variables in analysis (p < 0.05) and of [oxy-Hb] (p < 0.05), [deoxy-Hb] (p < 0.05) and [total-Hb] (p < 0.05) compared to the postural task. In conclusion, the increase in the cognitive demands negatively affected the performance of the postural task when performing them concurrently, compared to the postural task alone. The difficult cognitive task while performing the postural task presented a greater influence on postural sway and activation of the prefrontal cortex than the postural task and the easy cognitive task.
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St-Amant G, Salzman T, Michaud L, Polskaia N, Fraser S, Lajoie Y. Hemodynamic responses of quiet standing simultaneously performed with different cognitive loads in older adults. Hum Mov Sci 2022; 82:102931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2022.102931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lehmann N, Kuhn YA, Keller M, Aye N, Herold F, Draganski B, Taube W, Taubert M. Brain Activation During Active Balancing and Its Behavioral Relevance in Younger and Older Adults: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:828474. [PMID: 35418854 PMCID: PMC8997341 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.828474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related deterioration of balance control is widely regarded as an important phenomenon influencing quality of life and longevity, such that a more comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this process is warranted. Specifically, previous studies have reported that older adults typically show higher neural activity during balancing as compared to younger counterparts, but the implications of this finding on balance performance remain largely unclear. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), differences in the cortical control of balance between healthy younger (n = 27) and older (n = 35) adults were explored. More specifically, the association between cortical functional activity and balance performance across and within age groups was investigated. To this end, we measured hemodynamic responses (i.e., changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin) while participants balanced on an unstable device. As criterion variables for brain-behavior-correlations, we also assessed postural sway while standing on a free-swinging platform and while balancing on wobble boards with different levels of difficulty. We found that older compared to younger participants had higher activity in prefrontal and lower activity in postcentral regions. Subsequent robust regression analyses revealed that lower prefrontal brain activity was related to improved balance performance across age groups, indicating that higher activity of the prefrontal cortex during balancing reflects neural inefficiency. We also present evidence supporting that age serves as a moderator in the relationship between brain activity and balance, i.e., cortical hemodynamics generally appears to be a more important predictor of balance performance in the older than in the younger. Strikingly, we found that age differences in balance performance are mediated by balancing-induced activation of the superior frontal gyrus, thus suggesting that differential activation of this region reflects a mechanism involved in the aging process of the neural control of balance. Our study suggests that differences in functional brain activity between age groups are not a mere by-product of aging, but instead of direct behavioral relevance for balance performance. Potential implications of these findings in terms of early detection of fall-prone individuals and intervention strategies targeting balance and healthy aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lehmann
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nico Lehmann,
| | - Yves-Alain Kuhn
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Keller
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norman Aye
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Taube
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marco Taubert
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Sugihara Y, Matsuura T, Kubo Y, Ohgomori T. Activation of the Prefrontal Cortex and Improvement of Cognitive Performance with Standing on One Leg. Neuroscience 2021; 477:50-62. [PMID: 34634425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in attention, motor planning, and executive functions. In addition, it is known that postural control and cognitive performance are affected during dual-task paradigms, suggesting that postural control and cognition use common areas of the brain. Although postural control and cognition have been used as interfering dual tasks, the neuronal mechanisms underlying interference are not fully understood. We simultaneously performed postural and cognitive tasks in healthy young adults and evaluated activity in the PFC using near-infrared spectrometry. The displacement of the center of pressure (COP) is reduced by cognitive tasks. Difficult postural tasks increased the relative proportion and amplitude of postural sway in the high-frequency bandwidth, related to the adjustment of postural sway. Although the cognitive tasks did not affect the relative proportion of each frequency bandwidth, the amplitudes were selectively reduced. The postural task-dependent change in PFC activity was correlated with the relative proportion and amplitude of postural sway in the high-frequency bandwidth of the COP movement. Cognitive task-dependent changes in PFC activity were not correlated with postural sway. Cognitive performance was better in unipedal standing than bipedal standing. These findings suggest that postural tasks affect cognitive performance via the activation of the PFC, but cognitive tasks affect postural control through a different mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Sugihara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, 158 Mizuma, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, 158 Mizuma, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, 158 Mizuma, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ohgomori
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, 158 Mizuma, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan.
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de Rond V, Orcioli-Silva D, Dijkstra BW, Orban de Xivry JJ, Pantall A, Nieuwboer A. Compromised Brain Activity With Age During a Game-Like Dynamic Balance Task: Single- vs. Dual-Task Performance. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:657308. [PMID: 34290599 PMCID: PMC8287632 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.657308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postural control and cognition are affected by aging. We investigated whether cognitive distraction influenced neural activity differently in young and older adults during a game-like mediolateral weight-shifting task with a personalized task load. Methods: Seventeen healthy young and 17 older adults performed a balance game, involving hitting virtual wasps, serial subtractions and a combination of both (dual-task). A motion analysis system estimated each subject's center of mass position. Cortical activity in five regions was assessed by measuring oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) with a functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy system. Results: When adding cognitive load to the game, weight-shifting speed decreased irrespective of age, but older adults reduced the wasp-hits more than young adults. Accompanying these changes, older adults decreased HbO2 in the left pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and frontal eye fields (FEF) compared to single-tasking, a finding not seen in young adults. Additionally, lower HbO2 levels were found during dual-tasking compared to the summed activation of the two single tasks in all regions except for the right PFC. These relative reductions were specific for the older age group in the left premotor cortex (PMC), the right supplementary motor area (SMA), and the left FEF. Conclusion: Older adults showed more compromised neural activity than young adults when adding a distraction to a challenging balance game. We interpret these changes as competitive downgrading of neural activity underpinning the age-related deterioration of game performance during dual-tasking. Future work needs to ascertain if older adults can train their neural flexibility to withstand balance challenges during daily life activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle de Rond
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diego Orcioli-Silva
- Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Bauke Wybren Dijkstra
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
- Motor Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annette Pantall
- Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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Salzman T, Tobón Vallejo D, Polskaia N, Michaud L, St‐Amant G, Lajoie Y, Fraser S. Hemodynamic and behavioral changes in older adults during cognitively demanding dual tasks. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02021. [PMID: 33417301 PMCID: PMC7994703 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Executive functions play a fundamental role in walking by integrating information from cognitive-motor pathways. Subtle changes in brain and behavior may help identify older adults who are more susceptible to executive function deficits with advancing age due to prefrontal cortex deterioration. This study aims to examine how older adults mitigate executive demands while walking during cognitively demanding tasks. METHODS Twenty healthy older adults (M = 71.8 years, SD = 6.4) performed simple reaction time (SRT), go/no-go (GNG), n-back (NBK), and double number sequence (DNS) cognitive tasks of increasing difficulty while walking (i.e., dual task). Functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure the hemodynamic response (i.e., oxy- [HbO2] and deoxyhemoglobin [HbR]) changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during dual and single tasks (i.e., walking alone). In addition, performance was measured using gait speed (m/s), response time (s), and accuracy (% correct). RESULTS Using repeated measures ANOVAs, neural findings demonstrated a main effect of task such that ∆HbO2 (p = .047) and ∆HbR (p = .040) decreased between single and dual tasks. An interaction between task and cognitive difficulty (p = .014) revealed that gait speed decreased in the DNS between single and dual tasks. A main effect of task in response time indicated that the SRT response time was faster than all other difficulty levels (p < .001). Accuracy performance declined between single and dual tasks (p = .028) and across difficulty levels (p < .001) but was not significantly different between the NBK and DNS. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that a healthy older adult sample might mitigate executive demands using an automatic locomotor control strategy such that shifting conscious attention away from walking during the dual tasks resulted in decreased ∆HbO2 and ∆HbR. However, decreased prefrontal activation was inefficient at maintaining response time and accuracy performance and may be differently affected by increasing cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Salzman
- Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | | | - Nadia Polskaia
- School of Human KineticsUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Lucas Michaud
- School of Human KineticsUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | | | - Yves Lajoie
- School of Human KineticsUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
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Drozdova-Statkevičienė M, Česnaitienė VJ, Levin O, Pauwels L, Pukėnas K, Helsen WF, Staes F, Masiulis N. The beneficial effects of acute strength training on sway activity and sway regularity in healthy older men: Evidence from a posturography study. Neurosci Lett 2021; 749:135718. [PMID: 33600901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of acute strength training on balance control were studied in healthy older human men (age-range 60-77y). Participants performed the Tandem Romberg Stance while completing an attention demanding cognitive task (Mathematical Counting) before and after a single acute strength training session applied to the lower limb musculature (experimental group; n = 19) or no intervention (control group; n = 18). Balance stability and the automaticity of balance control were estimated through the calculation of the center-of-pressure (CoP) velocity (Vcop) and the statistical regularity (wavelet entropy) of the CoP trajectory (WEcop), respectively. Training included 3 sets of 3 repetitions of barbell squats using Smith Machine, ranging from 90 % of one repetition maximum (1RM) to 100 % 1RM with 3 min rest between repetitions and 5 min rest between sets. Vcop and WEcop decreased after training (all time main effects, p ≤ 0.028) but group time interactions were not significant (all, p ≥ 0.056). Exploratory analyses revealed that participants in the experimental group showed a significant decrease of Vcop and WEcop in the mediolateral (ML) directions from pre to post [ML Vcop: 15.4 %; Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.048); ML WEcop: 10.5 %; Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.016]. A trend towards a decrease in Vcop and WEcop was also observed in controls, with more prominent gains in the anteroposterior than in the ML direction (Bonferroni-corrected p > 0.2). Overall, findings suggest that acute strength training may improve attentional control of balance along the narrow dimension of the support. Further studies are warranted to examine the specific mechanisms underlying these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oron Levin
- Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, LT-44221, Lithuania; KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lisa Pauwels
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Werner F Helsen
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Filip Staes
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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Talamonti D, Vincent T, Fraser S, Nigam A, Lesage F, Bherer L. The Benefits of Physical Activity in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Investigation Using fNIRS and Dual-Task Walking. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040579. [PMID: 33557109 PMCID: PMC7913805 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular fitness is linked to better executive functions, preserved gait speed, and efficient cortical activity. Older adults with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) typically show poor cognitive performance, low physical fitness, and altered brain functioning compared with healthy individuals. In the current study, the impact of regular physical activity on cognition, locomotion, and brain functions was explored in a cohort of older adults with low or high CVRFs. Cortical activation of the frontal areas was investigated using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline, at 6 months and at 12 months. Evoked cortical response and behavioral performance were assessed using the dual-task walking paradigm, consisting of three conditions: single cognitive task (2-back task), single walking task (walking), and dual-task (2-back whilst walking). Results show greater task-related cortical response at baseline in individuals with high CVRFs compared to those with low CVRFs. Moreover, participants with high CVRFs benefitted the most from participating in regular physical activity, as their cortical response decreased at the 12-month follow-up and became comparable to that of participants with low CVRFs. These changes were observed in conjunction with improved cognitive performance and stable gait speed throughout the 12-month period in both groups. Our findings provide evidence that participation in regular physical activity may be especially beneficial in individuals with CVRFs by promoting brain and cognitive health, thus potentially contributing to prevention of cognitive decline. Future research may explore whether such effects are maintained in the long-term in order to design ad-hoc interventions in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Talamonti
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Anil Nigam
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
- École Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre and Centre EPIC, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada; (T.V.); (A.N.); (F.L.); (L.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
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Salzman T, Aboualmagd A, Badawi H, Tobón-Vallejo D, Kim H, Dahroug L, Laamarti F, El Saddik A, Fraser S. Prefrontal Cortex Involvement during Dual-Task Stair Climbing in Healthy Older Adults: An fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:71. [PMID: 33430358 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive function and motor control deficits adversely affect gait performance with age, but the neural correlates underlying this interaction during stair climbing remains unclear. Twenty older adults (72.7 ± 6.9 years) completed single tasks: standing and responding to a response time task (SC), ascending or descending stairs (SMup, SMdown); and a dual-task: responding while ascending or descending stairs (DTup, DTdown). Prefrontal hemodynamic response changes (∆HbO2, ∆HbR) were examined using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), gait speed was measured using in-shoe smart insoles, and vocal response time and accuracy were recorded. Findings revealed increased ∆HbO2 (p = 0.020) and slower response times (p < 0.001) during dual- versus single tasks. ∆HbR (p = 0.549), accuracy (p = 0.135) and gait speed (p = 0.475) were not significantly different between tasks or stair climbing conditions. ∆HbO2 and response time findings suggest that executive processes are less efficient during dual-tasks. These findings, in addition to gait speed and accuracy maintenance, may provide insights into the neural changes that precede performance declines. To capture the subtle differences between stair ascent and descent and extend our understanding of the neural correlates of stair climbing in older adults, future studies should examine more difficult cognitive tasks.
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Yeung MK, Chan AS. A Systematic Review of the Application of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to the Study of Cerebral Hemodynamics in Healthy Aging. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 31:139-166. [PMID: 32959167 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that healthy aging is associated with functional brain deterioration that preferentially affects the prefrontal cortex. This article reviews the application of an alternative method, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), to the study of age-related changes in cerebral hemodynamics and factors that influence cerebral hemodynamics in the elderly population. We conducted literature searches in PudMed and PsycINFO, and selected only English original research articles that used fNIRS to study healthy individuals with a mean age of ≥ 55 years. All articles were published in peer-reviewed journals between 1977 and May 2019. We synthesized 114 fNIRS studies examining hemodynamic changes that occurred in the resting state and during the tasks of sensation and perception, motor control, semantic processing, word retrieval, attentional shifting, inhibitory control, memory, and emotion and motivation in healthy older adults. This review, which was not registered in a registry, reveals an age-related reduction in resting-state cerebral oxygenation and connectivity in the prefrontal cortex. It also shows that aging is associated with a reduction in functional hemispheric asymmetry and increased compensatory activity in the frontal lobe across multiple task domains. In addition, this article describes the beneficial effects of healthy lifestyles and the detrimental effects of cardiovascular disease risk factors on brain functioning among nondemented older adults. Limitations of this review include exclusion of gray and non-English literature and lack of meta-analysis. Altogether, the fNIRS literature provides some support for various neurocognitive aging theories derived from task-based PET and fMRI studies. Because fNIRS is relatively motion-tolerant and environmentally unconstrained, it is a promising tool for fostering the development of aging biomarkers and antiaging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Petrigna L, Gentile A, Mani D, Pajaujiene S, Zanotto T, Thomas E, Paoli A, Palma A, Bianco A. Dual-Task Conditions on Static Postural Control in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:162-77. [PMID: 32788414 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dual-task (DT) consists of the performance of two tasks simultaneously. An index of DT difficulty has been linked to decreased postural control. Because a wide range of DT is employed, this study aimed to evaluate its effects in static balance in older adults. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were screened, and the secondary tasks were grouped as manual, reaction time, discrimination and decision making, mental tracking, verbal fluency, working memory, or "other" tasks. A total of 66 studies have been included. The meta-analysis was conducted on 28 effects and showed a significant mean effect size of d = 0.24 (p = .02, SE = 0.10; confidence interval [0.04, 0.44]), indicating a worsening in stability during DT. In conclusion, postural control was worsened by the Stroop test and the arithmetic tasks improved it. The results do not underpin any conclusive statement on the impact of DT, and a standard operating procedure was created.
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Fujita N, Kunimune S, Okada S. Contribution of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation, ankle muscle activities, and coactivation during dual-tasks to postural steadiness: a pilot study. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:467-472. [PMID: 32753789 PMCID: PMC7344285 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To examine the influence of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation,
ankle muscle activities, and coactivation on postural steadiness during dual-tasks.
[Participants and Methods] A total of 14 participants (8 males, 6 females) were included.
The participants stood straight on the force plate, and performed 3 different tasks: 1) a
quiet standing (single-task), 2) a repetition of a number (dual-task 1: DT1), and 3) a
serial subtraction (dual-task 2: DT2). We divided the participants into 2 groups (S and L
group) according to whether their center of pressure paths in the dual-tasks were shorter
or longer than those in the single-task. The EMG activity of the gastrocnemius lateralis
and tibialis anterior were measured; the oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) level in the DLPFC
were measured using fNIRS. [Results] The results revealed that oxy-Hb in the left DLPFC
increased significantly in all participants during DT2 compared to a single-task. Further,
we found that the S group exhibited a higher rate of tibialis anterior activity and ankle
muscle coactivation than the L group during DT2. [Conclusion] We concluded that the
increase of the DLPFC activation varied with the dual-tasks; moreover, younger individuals
modulate their standing posture using different strategies for posture steadiness during
posture-calculating task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Fujita
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University: 3-15-1 Nakatomigaoka, Nara-shi, Nara 631-8524, Japan
| | - Sho Kunimune
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Osaka Yukioka College of Health Science, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Department of Human Development, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Japan
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22
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Talamonti D, Montgomery CA, Clark DPA, Bruno D. Age-related prefrontal cortex activation in associative memory: An fNIRS pilot study. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117223. [PMID: 32768627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults typically perform more poorly than younger adults in free recall memory tests. This age-related deficit has been linked to decline of brain activation and brain prefrontal lateralization, which may be the result of compensatory mechanisms. In the present pilot study, we investigated the effect of age on prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation during performance of a task that requires memory associations (temporal vs. spatial clustering), using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Ten younger adults, ten cognitively high-performing older individuals, and ten low-performing older individuals completed a free recall task, where either a temporal or spatial strategy (but not both simultaneously) could be employed to retrieve groups of same-category stimuli, whilst changes in PFC hemodynamics were recorded by means of a 12-channel fNIRS system. The results suggest PFC activation, and right lateralization specific to younger adults. Moreover, age did not affect use of memory organization, given that temporal clustering was preferred over spatial clustering in all groups. These findings are in line with previous literature on the aging brain and on temporal organization of memory. Our results also suggest that the PFC may be specifically involved in memory for temporal associations. Future research may consider whether age-related deficits in temporal organization may be an early sign of PFC pathology and possible neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Talamonti
- EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Dan P A Clark
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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23
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Dijkstra BW, Bekkers EMJ, Gilat M, de Rond V, Hardwick RM, Nieuwboer A. Functional neuroimaging of human postural control: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:351-362. [PMID: 32407735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Postural instability is a strong risk factor for falls that becomes more prominent with aging. To facilitate treatment and prevention of falls in an aging society, a thorough understanding of the neural networks underlying postural control is warranted. Here, we present a systematic review of the functional neuroimaging literature of studies measuring posture-related neural activity in healthy subjects. Study methods were overall heterogeneous. Eleven out of the 14 studies relied on postural simulation in a supine position (e.g. motor imagery). The key nodes of human postural control involved the brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus and several cortical regions. An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis revealed that the anterior cerebellum was consistently activated across the wide range of postural tasks. The cerebellum is known to modulate the brainstem nuclei involved in the control of posture. Hence, this systematic review with meta-analysis provides insight into the neural correlates which underpin human postural control and which may serve as a reference for future neural network and region of interest analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauke W Dijkstra
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Bus 1501, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Esther M J Bekkers
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Bus 1501, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Moran Gilat
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Bus 1501, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Veerle de Rond
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Bus 1501, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robert M Hardwick
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Bus 1501, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Bus 1501, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Kahya M, Moon S, Ranchet M, Vukas RR, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, Akinwuntan A, Devos H. Brain activity during dual task gait and balance in aging and age-related neurodegenerative conditions: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2019; 128:110756. [PMID: 31648005 PMCID: PMC6876748 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this systematic review were to investigate (1) real-time brain activity during DT gait and balance, (2) whether changes in brain activity correlate with changes in behavioral outcomes in older adults and people with age-related neurodegenerative conditions. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from 2009 to 2019 using the keywords dual task, brain activity, gait, balance, aging, neurodegeneration, and other related search terms. A total of 15 articles were included in this review. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalogram measures demonstrated that older adults had higher brain activity, particularly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), compared to young adults during dual task gait and balance. Similar neurophysiological results were observed in people with age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Few studies demonstrated a relationship between increased brain activity and better behavioral outcomes. This systematic review supports the notion that aging and age-related neurodegenerative conditions are associated with neuronal network changes, resulting in increased brain activity specifically in the PFC. Further studies are warranted to assess the relationship between increased PFC activation during dual task gait and balance and behavioral outcomes to better optimize the rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Kahya
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Sanghee Moon
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Maud Ranchet
- University of Lyon, IFSTTAR, TS2 LESCOT, Lyon, France.
| | - Rachel R Vukas
- A.R. Dykes Library of the Health Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Kelly E Lyons
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Abiodun Akinwuntan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Office of the Dean, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Hannes Devos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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