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Yang Y, Li G, Zhao L, Tan P, Li Y, Li S, Tan L, Deng C, Wang S, Zhao Z, Yuan C, Ding H, Chen L, Zhu J, Guan Y, Hou CH, Tang P, Li Q, Liu H, Yang Y, Abate A, Shyue JJ, Wu J, Russell TP, Hu Q. A Catalyst-Like System Enables Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311145. [PMID: 38334458 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
High-quality perovskite films are essential for achieving high performance of optoelectronic devices; However, solution-processed perovskite films are known to suffer from compositional and structural inhomogeneity due to lack of systematic control over the kinetics during the formation. Here, the microscopic homogeneity of perovskite films is successfully enhanced by modulating the conversion reaction kinetics using a catalyst-like system generated by a foaming agent. The chemical and structural evolution during this catalytic conversion is revealed by a multimodal synchrotron toolkit with spatial resolutions spanning many length scales. Combining these insights with computational investigations, a cyclic conversion pathway model is developed that yields exceptional perovskite homogeneity due to enhanced conversion, having a power conversion efficiency of 24.51% for photovoltaic devices. This work establishes a systematic link between processing of precursor and homogeneity of the perovskite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Yang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New Energy, School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pengju Tan
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Shunde Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lina Tan
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chunyan Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shibo Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chengjian Yuan
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Liang Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Yong Guan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Cheng-Hung Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pengyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Functional Materials, 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Quiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Functional Materials, 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Antonio Abate
- Department Novel Materials and Interfaces for Photovoltaic Solar Cells Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Kekuléstraße 5, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Qin Hu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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Raveendran P T V, C A, Neeroli Kizhakayil R. Fe 3+-induced luminescence quenching in carbon dots - mechanism unveiled. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2349-2358. [PMID: 38563425 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dot (CD)-based fluorimetric sensors have attracted immense attention for the detection of metal ions. Among the available works in this direction, more than 70% of the studies reported the detection of Fe3+ through luminescence quenching. Ferric ions are significant species from environmental and biological point of view. Excited-state electron transfer from carbon dots to ferric ions is suggested as the reason for the luminescence quenching. However, to date, no solid proof was provided to demonstrate this electron transfer process. Herein, N-doped blue luminescent carbon dots prepared via hydrothermal carbonization are used to demonstrate the exact mechanism operating in the above-mentioned detection strategy. The carbon dots possessed an average size of 4.9 nm, and exhibited good aqueous solubility as well as an excitation wavelength-dependent emission. Fe3+-mediated luminescence quenching was quantitatively achieved at the micromolar level, with a detection limit of 1.426 μM. The CD-mediated reduction of ferric ions is confirmed by spectral analysis. Fe3+-induced luminescence quenching was partially restored in the presence of ascorbic acid, enabling the sub-micromolar level monitoring of this analyte, with the lowest detection amount of 276 nM. Turnbull's blue method is adopted for confirming the reducing role of ascorbic acid, which eventually increased the luminescence of the system, evoking a turn-on response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Raveendran P T
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Kerala-673 635, India.
| | - Anjali C
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Kerala-673 635, India.
| | - Renuka Neeroli Kizhakayil
- Advanced Materials Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Kerala-673 635, India.
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Selopal GS, Abdelkarim O, Kaur J, Liu J, Jin L, Chen Z, Navarro-Pardo F, Manzhos S, Sun S, Yurtsever A, Zarrin H, Wang ZM, Rosei F. Surface engineering of two-dimensional hexagonal boron-nitride for optoelectronic devices. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15810-15830. [PMID: 37743729 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D h-BN) is being extensively studied in optoelectronic devices due to its electronic and photonic properties. However, the controlled optimization of h-BN's insulating properties is necessary to fully explore its potential in energy conversion and storage devices. In this work, we engineered the surface of h-BN nanoflakes via one-step in situ chemical functionalization using a liquid-phase exfoliation approach. The functionalized h-BN (F-h-BN) nanoflakes were subsequently dispersed on the surface of TiO2 to tune the TiO2/QDs interface of the optoelectronic device. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices based on TiO2/F-h-BN/QDs with optimized addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and scattering layers showed 46% improvement compared to the control device (TiO2/QDs). This significant improvement is attributed to the reduced trap/carrier recombination and enhanced carrier injection rate of the TiO2-CNTs/F-h-BN/QDs photoanode. Furthermore, by employing an optimized TiO2-CNTs/F-h-BN/QDs photoanode, QDs-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) yield an 18% improvement in photoconversion efficiency. This represents a potential and adaptability of our approach, and pathway to explore surface-engineered 2D materials to optimize the interface of solar energy conversion and other emerging optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, B2N 5E3, NS, Canada.
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
| | - Omar Abdelkarim
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
| | - Jasneet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architectural Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada
- Department of Physics and Yousef Haj-Ahmad Department of Engineering, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, ON, Canada
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
| | - Lei Jin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
| | - Zhangsen Chen
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
| | - Fabiola Navarro-Pardo
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
| | - Aycan Yurtsever
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
| | - Hadis Zarrin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architectural Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7, QC, Canada.
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4
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Kamali SR, Chen CN, Agrawal DC, Wei TH. Sulfur-doped carbon dots synthesis under microwave irradiation as turn-off fluorescent sensor for Cr(III). J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study synthesized a facile and high sensitive fluorescent probe based on sulfur-doped carbon dots (S-CDs) using a one-step microwave irradiation method. The probe exhibited a strong blue emission and a high quantum yield (QY) of 36.40%. In the detection, the presence of trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) strongly quenched the PL intensity of S-CDs by the inner filter effect (IFE) quenching mechanism of Cr(III) on the S-CDs. The S-CDs exhibited good sensitivity to turn-off Cr(III) detection with a linear range concentration of 0–45 μM and a detection limit of 0.17 μM. Furthermore, the proposed method has been successfully applied for Cr(III) detection in natural water samples with the 93.68–106.20% recoveries.
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5
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Ramoğlu B, Gümrükçüoğlu A, Çekirge E, Ocak M, Ocak Ü. One Spot Microwave Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots with High Oxygen Content for Fluorometric Determination of Banned Sudan II Dye in Spice Samples. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1587-1598. [PMID: 34342798 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with high oxygen content (O-N-CDs) was carried out with citric acid as a carbon source and 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine as a nitrogen source in triethylene glycol (TEG) media. It was determined by SEM analysis that O-N-CDs consisted of particles of different sizes and shapes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that O-N-CDs have a graphitic structure. Moreover, they showed a high fluorescence property based on the excitation wavelength. Therefore, a new fluorometric method was developed for the determination of banned food dye Sudan II by using the O-N-CDs. The proposed method was used in the determination of Sudan II in spiked spice samples. The detection limit was 0.6 mg L-1 and the linear range was 0-8 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtışen Ramoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Abidin Gümrükçüoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ender Çekirge
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Miraç Ocak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Ocak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
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6
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Lu Z, Giles LW, Tabor RF, Teo BM. Norepinephrine derived carbon dots for live-cell imaging and effective hemoglobin determination. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6765-6772. [PMID: 34196338 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted wide attention for their potential use as fluorescence probes in biological and analytical chemistry due to their great stability and high fluorescence quantum yields. In our work, norepinephrine (NE)-derived CDs with green luminescence and an average size of 10 nm were fabricated using a one-step hydrothermal route. As-prepared CDs show a strong emission at a wavelength of 520 nm when excited at 420 nm, and demonstrate pH and concentration dependent fluorescence behaviour. Multiple functional groups on the CDs allow their protonation/deprotonation and thus alter fluorescence intensity and peak position in different pH conditions. Prepared CDs show significant potential to be used as a live-cell imaging agent with long-term photostability. Furthermore, a simple but effective method to determine the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) in diluted human blood samples was also developed based on the inner filter effect (IFE). The method demonstrates good linearity from 0.01-10 μM, with a limit of determination (LOD) of 52 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Luke W Giles
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Boon Mian Teo
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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7
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Mohammed LJ, Omer KM. Dual functional highly luminescence B, N Co-doped carbon nanodots as nanothermometer and Fe 3+/Fe 2+ sensor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3028. [PMID: 32080282 PMCID: PMC7033239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual functional fluorescence nanosensors have many potential applications in biology and medicine. Monitoring temperature with higher precision at localized small length scales or in a nanocavity is a necessity in various applications. As well as the detection of biologically interesting metal ions using low-cost and sensitive approach is of great importance in bioanalysis. In this paper, we describe the preparation of dual-function highly fluorescent B, N-co-doped carbon nanodots (CDs) that work as chemical and thermal sensors. The CDs emit blue fluorescence peaked at 450 nm and exhibit up to 70% photoluminescence quantum yield with showing excitation-independent fluorescence. We also show that water-soluble CDs display temperature-dependent fluorescence and can serve as highly sensitive and reliable nanothermometers with a thermo-sensitivity 1.8% °C-1, and wide range thermo-sensing between 0-90 °C with excellent recovery. Moreover, the fluorescence emission of CDs are selectively quenched after the addition of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions while show no quenching with adding other common metal cations and anions. The fluorescence emission shows a good linear correlation with concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ (R2 = 0.9908 for Fe2+ and R2 = 0.9892 for Fe3+) with a detection limit of of 80.0 ± 0.5 nM for Fe2+ and 110.0 ± 0.5 nM for Fe3+. Considering the high quantum yield and selectivity, CDs are exploited to design a nanoprobe towards iron detection in a biological sample. The fluorimetric assay is used to detect Fe2+ in iron capsules and total iron in serum samples successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazo Jazaa Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan St, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Khalid M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan St, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
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Sun B, Wang Y, Ding G. Retraction Note: Flexible Field Emitter for X-ray Generation by Implanting CNTs into Nickel Foil. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:392. [PMID: 31875264 PMCID: PMC6930316 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article [1] because it significantly overlaps with previously published articles by the same authors [2, 3].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Fabrication Technology, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Fabrication Technology, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guifu Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Fabrication Technology, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Mukherjee S, Prasad E, Chadha A. H-Bonding controls the emission properties of functionalized carbon nano-dots. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:7288-7296. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of H-bonds in controlling the photoluminescence from N-CDs is investigated and the results indicate that both the Lippert–Mataga model and Kamlet–Taft parameters are required to satisfactorily explain the photophysical properties of dispersed N-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Anju Chadha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
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Chen X, Bai X, Sun C, Su L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu WW. High efficient light-emitting diodes based on liquid-type carbon dots. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liquid-type carbon dot-based LEDs exhibited the luminous efficiency of 44.36 lm W−1, which was 2.27 times higher than that of solid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Chun Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Liang Su
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - William W. Yu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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