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Tapia M, Levay K, Tsoulfas P, Park KK. Retrograde AAV-mediated gene modulation reveals chloride intracellular channel proteins as potent regulators of retinal ganglion cell death. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114810. [PMID: 38714284 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Most projection neurons, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), undergo cell death after axotomy proximal to the cell body. Specific RGC subtypes, such as ON-OFF direction selective RGCs (ooDSGCs) are particularly vulnerable, whereas intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs) exhibit resilience to axonal injury. Through the application of RNA sequencing and fluorescent in situ hybridization, we show that the expression of chloride intracellular channel protein 1 and 4 (Clic1 and Clic4) are highly increased in the ooDSGCs after axonal injury. Toward determining a gene's role in RGCs, we optimized the utility and efficacy of adenovirus associated virus (AAV)-retro expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Injection of AAV2-retro into the superior colliculus results in efficient shRNA expression in RGCs. Incorporating histone H2B gene fused with mGreenLantern results in bright nuclear reporter expression, thereby enhancing single RGC identification and cell quantitation in live retinas. Lastly, we demonstrate that AAV2-retro mediated knockdown of both Clic1 and Clic4 promotes RGC survival after injury. Our findings establish an integrated use of AAV2-retro-shRNA and real-time fundus imaging and reveal CLICs' contribution to RGC death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tapia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Levay
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Kevin K Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5901 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, TX 75235, United States of America.
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Zhu JY, Ni XS, Han XY, Liu S, Ji YK, Yao J, Yan B. Metabolomic profiling of a neurodegenerative retina following optic nerve transection. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:178. [PMID: 37539744 PMCID: PMC10433715 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) often causes irreversible vision impairment. Prevention of RGC degeneration can prevent or delay the deterioration of visual function. The present study aimed to investigate retinal metabolic profiles following optic nerve transection (ONT) injury and identify the potential metabolic targets for the prevention of RGC degeneration. Retinal samples were dissected from ONT group and non‑ONT group. The untargeted metabolomics were carried out using liquid chromatography‑tandem mass spectrometry. The involved pathways and biomarkers were analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and MetaboAnalyst 5.0. In the ONT group, 689 disparate metabolites were detected, including lipids and lipid‑like molecules. A total of 122 metabolites were successfully annotated and enriched in 50 KEGG pathways. Among them, 'sphingolipid metabolism' and 'primary bile acid biosynthesis' were identified involved in RGC degeneration. A total of five metabolites were selected as the candidate biomarkers for detecting RGC degeneration with an AUC value of 1. The present study revealed that lipid‑related metabolism was involved in the pathogenesis of retinal neurodegeneration. Taurine, taurochenodesoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid (TCA), sphingosine, and galabiosylceramide are shown as the promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of RGC degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ya Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Sen Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Han
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ke Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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Yu D, Wu Y, Zhu L, Wang Y, Sheng D, Zhao X, Liang G, Gan L. The landscape of the long non-coding RNAs in developing mouse retinas. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:252. [PMID: 37165305 PMCID: PMC10173636 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of diverse biological processes. Nevertheless, a global view of its expression and function in the mouse retina, a crucial model for neurogenesis study, still needs to be made available. RESULTS Herein, by integrating the established gene models and the result from ab initio prediction using short- and long-read sequencing, we characterized 4,523 lncRNA genes (MRLGs) in developing mouse retinas (from the embryonic day of 12.5 to the neonatal day of P28), which was so far the most comprehensive collection of retinal lncRNAs. Next, derived from transcriptomics analyses of different tissues and developing retinas, we found that the MRLGs were highly spatiotemporal specific in expression and played essential roles in regulating the genesis and function of mouse retinas. In addition, we investigated the expression of MRLGs in some mouse mutants and revealed that 97 intergenic MRLGs might be involved in regulating differentiation and development of retinal neurons through Math5, Isl1, Brn3b, NRL, Onecut1, or Onecut2 mediated pathways. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this work significantly enhanced our knowledge of lncRNA genes in mouse retina development and provided valuable clues for future exploration of their biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China.
| | - Yuqing Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Donglai Sheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Guoqing Liang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China.
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Zhang N, Cao W, He X, Xing Y, Yang N. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:561-74. [PMID: 35226226 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy or other neurodegenerative diseases, including optic nerve transection, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, can lead to progressive and irreversible visual damage. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which belong to the family of non-protein-coding transcripts, have been linked to the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of these lesions. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are critical for the transmission of visual information to the brain, damage to which results in visual loss. Apoptosis has been identified as one of the most essential modes of RGC death. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs can regulate RGC degeneration by directly or indirectly modulating apoptosis-associated signaling pathways. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the role of lncRNAs in RGC apoptosis at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, emphasizing on the potential mechanisms of action. The current limitations and future perspectives of exploring the connection between lncRNAs and RGC apoptosis have been summarized. Understanding the intricate molecular interaction network of lncRNAs and RGC apoptosis will open new avenues for the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and molecules for prognostic evaluation of diseases related to RGC injury.
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