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Jiang P, Jia H, Qian X, Tang T, Han Y, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Yu Z, Zheng L, Yu G, Cai H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Gu J, Ye C, Yang L, Lu Y, Liu H, Lu X, Jin C, Ren Y, Lu M, Xu L, Yu J, Jin X, Yang Y, Qian P. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the immunoregulatory roles of PegIFN-α in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2024; 79:167-182. [PMID: 37368993 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is caused by HBV infection and affects the lives of millions of people worldwide by causing liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy is a conventional immunotherapy that has been widely used in CHB treatment and achieved promising therapeutic outcomes by activating viral sensors and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) suppressed by HBV. However, the longitudinal landscape of immune cells of CHB patients and the effect of IFN-α on the immune system are not fully understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to delineate the transcriptomic landscape of peripheral immune cells in CHB patients before and after PegIFN-α therapy. Notably, we identified three CHB-specific cell subsets, pro-inflammatory (Pro-infla) CD14+ monocytes, Pro-infla CD16+ monocytes and IFNG+ CX3CR1- NK cells, which highly expressed proinflammatory genes and positively correlated with HBsAg. Furthermore, PegIFN-α treatment attenuated percentages of hyperactivated monocytes, increased ratios of long-lived naive/memory T cells and enhanced effector T cell cytotoxicity. Finally, PegIFN-α treatment switched the transcriptional profiles of entire immune cells from TNF-driven to IFN-α-driven pattern and enhanced innate antiviral response, including virus sensing and antigen presentation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study expands the understanding of the pathological characteristics of CHB and the immunoregulatory roles of PegIFN-α, which provides a new powerful reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglei Jiang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingli Han
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoru Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zebin Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chanyuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ciliang Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yida Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
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Grewal T, Buechler C. Adipokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for the Severity of COVID-19. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051302. [PMID: 37238973 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates obesity as a risk factor for increased severity of disease outcomes in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, which not only predisposes individuals to metabolic complications, but also substantially contributes to low-grade systemic inflammation, altered immune cell composition, and compromised immune function. This seems to impact the susceptibility and outcome of diseases caused by viruses, as obese people appear more vulnerable to developing infections and they recover later from infectious diseases than normal-weight individuals. Based on these findings, increased efforts to identify suitable diagnostic and prognostic markers in obese Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to predict disease outcomes have been made. This includes the analysis of cytokines secreted from adipose tissues (adipokines), which have multiple regulatory functions in the body; for instance, modulating insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, appetite, and fertility. Most relevant in the context of viral infections, adipokines also influence the immune cell number, with consequences for overall immune cell activity and function. Hence, the analysis of the circulating levels of diverse adipokines in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been considered to reveal diagnostic and prognostic COVID-19 markers. This review article summarizes the findings aimed to correlate the circulating levels of adipokines with progression and disease outcomes of COVID-19. Several studies provided insights on chemerin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and galectin-3 levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, while limited information is yet available on the adipokines apelin and visfatin in COVID-19. Altogether, current evidence points at circulating galectin-3 and resistin levels being of diagnostic and prognostic value in COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Lefeuvre C, Roux M, Blanchard S, Le Guillou-Guillemette H, Boursier J, Lunel-Fabiani F, Jeannin P, Pivert A, Ducancelle A. Analysis of hepatic fibrosis markers in the serum of chronic hepatitis B patients according to basal core promoter/precore mutants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10261. [PMID: 35715541 PMCID: PMC9205978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The A1762T/G1764A double mutant in the basal core promoter (BCP) region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with severe hepatic lesions while the G1899A mutation with the double mutant is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of severe fibrosis. This study aims to measure a number of markers in the serum of patients with chronic HBV infection and to assess relationships between these markers and BCP/precore mutants with consideration of the stage of fibrosis. The serum levels of resistin, TGF-β1, MMP-1, TIMP-1, collagen IA1 and PDGF-BB, which are markers that are known to be involved in the process of hepatic fibrosis, were assayed. The serum levels of PDGF-BB and TIMP-1, and the mutation profile were independently associated with advanced fibrosis. A higher level of TIMP-1 was associated with advanced fibrosis regardless of the mutation status, and a higher level of PDGF-BB was associated with nonsevere fibrosis in patients infected with viruses harboring the A1762T/G1764A or A1762T/G1764A/G1899A mutations. Our results suggest an impact of the A1762T/G1764A mutant on the biological pathway related to TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB. In vitro studies are needed to understand the impact of these mutants on the serum secretion of markers involved in fibrosis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marine Roux
- Univ Angers, HIFIH, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Simon Blanchard
- Univ Angers, INSERM Unité 892, CNRS Unit 6299, F-49000, Angers, France
| | | | - Jérôme Boursier
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, HIFIH, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | | | - Pascale Jeannin
- Univ Angers, INSERM Unité 892, CNRS Unit 6299, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Adeline Pivert
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, HIFIH, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
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Iacob SA, Iacob DG. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV/HBV Patients - a Metabolic Imbalance Aggravated by Antiretroviral Therapy and Perpetuated by the Hepatokine/Adipokine Axis Breakdown. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:814209. [PMID: 35355551 PMCID: PMC8959898 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.814209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome and is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in HIV and HBV infected patients. HIV plays an early and direct role in the development of metabolic syndrome by disrupting the mechanism of adipogenesis and synthesis of adipokines. Adipokines, molecules that regulate the lipid metabolism, also contribute to the progression of NAFLD either directly or via hepatic organokines (hepatokines). Most hepatokines play a direct role in lipid homeostasis and liver inflammation but their role in the evolution of NAFLD is not well defined. The role of HBV in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is controversial. HBV has been previously associated with a decreased level of triglycerides and with a protective role against the development of steatosis and metabolic syndrome. At the same time HBV displays a high fibrogenetic and oncogenetic potential. In the HIV/HBV co-infection, the metabolic changes are initiated by mitochondrial dysfunction as well as by the fatty overload of the liver, two interconnected mechanisms. The evolution of NAFLD is further perpetuated by the inflammatory response to these viral agents and by the variable toxicity of the antiretroviral therapy. The current article discusses the pathogenic changes and the contribution of the hepatokine/adipokine axis in the development of NAFLD as well as the implications of HIV and HBV infection in the breakdown of the hepatokine/adipokine axis and NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Alexandra Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Gabriela Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Diana Gabriela Iacob,
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Čustović N, Rašić S. RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM ADIPONECTIN AND RESISTIN LEVELS WITH THE SEVERITY OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B. J Med Biochem 2021; 41:176-183. [PMID: 35510200 PMCID: PMC9010048 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-33793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has closely linked adipocytokines to liver inflammation and fibrosis progression in patients with non-alcoholic liver disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship of serum adiponectin and resistin levels with the severity of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), depending on the duration of antiviral therapy. Methods The cross-sectional study included 75 patients with CHB divided into two groups: the T1 group (undergoing antiviral therapy for up to 2 years) and the T2 group (undergoing antiviral therapy over 2 years). The control group consisted of 40 healthy people. Serum concentrations of adiponectin and resistin were estimated with the ELISA method, while the degree of liver fibrosis was determined using FIB-4 and APRI score. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the mean serum adiponectin levels in relation to the duration of antiviral therapy. Higher values of serum resistin concentration were confirmed in patients of the T1 group compared to healthy controls (p=0.001) and to the T2 group (p=0.031). The mean level of serum resistin concentration was significantly higher in the group of patients with a higher FIB-4 score (9.12±3.39 vs 5.58±3.36 ng/mL, p=0.001) and higher APRI score (17.45±3.96 ng/mL vs 4.82±1.11 ng/mL, p=0.001). A positive correlation was found between serum resistin levels and the degree of liver fibrosis (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between mean serum adiponectin levels according to the values of FIB-4 and APRI scores. Conclusions Progression of liver fibrosis estimated by FIB4 and APRI scores as well as the length of antiviral treatment had a significant effect on serum resistin values in CHB patients on antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerma Čustović
- University of Sarajevo, Clinical Center, Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Senija Rašić
- University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Bekçibaşı M, Deveci Ö, Oğuz A, Bozkurt F, Dayan S, Çelen MK. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in chronic HBV-infected patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14292. [PMID: 33930244 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to evaluate the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in chronic HBV-infected patients. METHODS The present study was a single centre, prospective and randomised controlled trial. Twenty healthy volunteers and thirty HBeAg-negative patients with planned liver biopsy and treatment-naive diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were included in the study. TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were measured in the serum of CHB patient and control groups using an ELISA. Results were compared statistically using a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The mean age of the CHB group (20 men, 10 women) and the control group (10 men, 10 women) was 33.3 ± 9.7 (17-55) and 26.1 ± 12.3 (16-57), respectively. When the two groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney U-test, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were found to be significantly higher in the CHB group compared to the control group (P = .003, P < .0001, respectively). Although IL-1β levels were not statistically significant, they were higher in the CHB group compared to the controls (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study showed that serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 are increased in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Bekçibaşı
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bismil State Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Özcan Deveci
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Batman Medical Park Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Oğuz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Fatma Bozkurt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Saim Dayan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Çelen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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He Y, Guo X, Lan T, Xia J, Wang J, Li B, Peng C, Chen Y, Hu X, Meng Z. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve the function of liver in rats with acute-on-chronic liver failure via downregulating Notch and Stat1/Stat3 signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:396. [PMID: 34256837 PMCID: PMC8278604 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective treatments for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are lacking. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have been applied in tissue regeneration and repair, acting through paracrine effects, cell fusion, and actual transdifferentiation. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of hUC-MSCs in acute-on-chronic liver injury (ACLI) and ACLF rat models. Methods Wistar rats aged 6 weeks were intraperitoneally administered porcine serum (PS) at a dose of 0.5 mL twice per week for 11 weeks to generate an immune liver fibrosis model. After 11 weeks, rats with immune liver fibrosis were injected intravenously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an ACLI model or combined LPS and D-galactosamine (D-GalN) to induce an ACLF model. The rats with ACLI or ACLF were injected intravenously with 2×106 hUC-MSCs, 4×106 hUC-MSCs, or 0.9% sodium chloride as a control. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks (ACLI rats) or 4, 12, and 24 h (ACLF rats). The blood and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histological investigation. Results The application of hUC-MSCs in rats with ACLI and ACLF led to a significant decrease in the serum levels of ALT, AST, TBil, DBil, ALP, ammonia, and PT, with ALB gradually returned to normal levels. Inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition in liver tissues were significantly attenuated in ACLI rats that received hUC-MSCs. Inflammatory cell infiltration and apoptosis in liver tissues of ACLF rats that received hUC-MSCs were significantly attenuated. Compared with those in the rats that received 0.9% sodium chloride, a significant reduction in proinflammatory cytokine levels and elevated serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were found in ACLF rats that received hUC-MSCs. Furthermore, Notch, IFN-γ/Stat1, and IL-6/Stat3 signaling were inhibited in ACLI/ACLF rats that received hUC-MSCs. Conclusions hUC-MSC transplantation can improve liver function, the degree of fibrosis, and liver damage and promote liver repair in rats with ACLI or ACLF, mediated most likely by inhibiting Notch signaling and reversing the imbalance of the Stat1/Stat3 pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02468-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin He
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xingrong Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Tingyu Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianbo Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Bei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Chunyan Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.,Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China. .,Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Chang ML, Yang Z, Yang SS. Roles of Adipokines in Digestive Diseases: Markers of Inflammation, Metabolic Alteration and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218308. [PMID: 33167521 PMCID: PMC7663948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly dynamic endocrine tissue and constitutes a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network through adipokines, which cause pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. Specifically, digestive cancers grow anatomically near adipose tissue. During their interaction with cancer cells, adipocytes are reprogrammed into cancer-associated adipocytes and secrete adipokines to affect tumor cells. Moreover, the liver is the central metabolic hub. Adipose tissue and the liver cooperatively regulate whole-body energy homeostasis via adipokines. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, is currently considered a global epidemic and is related to low-grade systemic inflammation characterized by altered adipokine regulation. Obesity-related digestive diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyps and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis-related diseases, cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes, might cause specific alterations in adipokine profiles. These patterns and associated bases potentially contribute to the identification of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the associated digestive diseases. This review highlights important findings about altered adipokine profiles relevant to digestive diseases, including hepatic, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and biliary tract diseases, with a perspective on clinical implications and mechanistic explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-1200 (ext. 8108); Fax: +886-3-327-2236
| | - Zinger Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Sien-Sing Yang
- Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei 10630, Taiwan;
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Zhang JS, Wang JD, Zhu GY, Yusufu M, Xiong Y, Li J, Cao K, Jin SS, He HL, Sun XL, Wan XH. The high expression of the pain-related inflammatory factors in the eyes of cataract patients infected with hepatitis B virus. Cytokine 2020; 134:155189. [PMID: 32645537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In cataract surgery, it is often found that patients infected hepatitis B virus (HBV) are likely to suffer from more pain than other patients. In order to assess the inflammation status of the aqueous humor in the eyes of cataract patients infected with HBV. RayBio Human Inflammation Array was used to assay aqueous humor samples collected from 14 eyes of patients infected with HBV and 14 eyes of cataract patients without HBV infection (the controls) during the cataract surgery. RayBio Human Quantibody Cutom Array was adopted for the validation of the screened cytokines, with aqueous humor samples collected from 40 eyes of patients infected with HBV and 40 eyes of the controls. A pain questionnaire survey about the surgery was conducted in all patients after operation. The results of questionnaire showed that patients infected with HBV were more likely to have pain during operation. The Human Inflammation Array revealed that the expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and tumor necrosis factor β (TNF-β) were very high in HBV infected patients and IL-1ra was much lower in patients infected with HBV (all, P < 0.05). In validation, the Human Quantibody Cutom Array revealed that the expression levels of MCP-1 and TNF-α were high in HBV infected patients with significant difference (all P < 0.05). These results revealed that pain-related inflammatory factors MCP-1 and TNF-α were increased in aqueous humor of cataract patients infected with HBV, which indicates that patients infected with HBV may be more prone to intraoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jin Da Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Gu Yu Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mayinuer Yusufu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shan Shan Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hai Long He
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiu Li Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiu Hua Wan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.
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Menêses MOSDC, Etchebehere RM, De Araújo MF, Duque ACDR, Rodrigues DBR, Pereira SADL. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Autopsied Adults: Clinical, Laboratory and Immunohistochemical Evaluation for CD68 and CD57. Case Report and Literature Review. J Health Scie 2019. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n4p422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, usually fatal and underdiagnosed autoimmune-activated disease. The present study aimed to perform a macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation for CD68 and CD57 in organs of autopsied adults with HLH. A total of 604 autopsy reports were analyzed, and all the patients that filled the diagnostic criteria for HLH (n = 2) were selected. These patients were 18 and 37 years old. Were evaluated both clinical and autopsy reports and performed histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the liver and spleen. Both patients filled the diagnostic criteria for HLH, as well as presented common signs and symptoms of this disease, such as chills, abdominal pain, diaphoresis, and jaundice. Hemophagocytosis was observed in the spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes of the two patients at autopsy. Immunostaining in the liver and spleen of both patients was mainly severe for CD68, and predominantly mild for CD57, indicating a decrease in NKC numbers and an increase in the number of macrophages, respectively. This was the first study to evaluate CD57 and CD68 in autopsies of adults with HLH. Thus, more studies are required, not only to better elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the secondary HLH, but also to disseminate the results in the clinical environment, contributing to the early diagnosis and treatment with consequent reduction of mortality rate. Keywords: Autoimmune Diseases. Histiocytosis. Biomarkers. ResumoA Linfohistiocitose Hemofagocítica (HLH) é uma doença autoimune rara, geralmente fatal e subdiagnosticada. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar avaliação macroscópica, histopatológica e imunohistoquímica para CD68 e CD57 em órgãos de pacientes adultos com HLH submetidos a autópsia. Um total de 604 laudos de autópsias foram analisados e todos os pacientes que preencheram os critérios diagnósticos para HLH (n = 2) foram selecionados. Esses pacientes tinham 18 e 37 anos de idade. Foram analisados tanto os prontuários quanto os laudos de autópsia, bem como foram realizadas análises histopatológicas e imunohistoquímicas do fígado e baço dos pacientes. Ambos preencheram os critérios diagnósticos para HLH e apresentarem sinais e sintomas comuns da doença, como calafrios, dor abdominal, sudorese e icterícia. A hemofagocitose foi observada no baço, medula óssea e linfonodos dos dois pacientes na autópsia. A imunohistoquímica do fígado e do baço de ambos os pacientes demonstrou imunomarcação acentuada para CD68 e predominantemente discreta para CD57, que indicam diminuição do número de NKC e aumento do número de macrófagos, respectivamente. Este foi o primeiro estudo a avaliar o CD57 e CD68 em autópsias de adultos com HLH. Assim, mais estudos são necessários, não apenas para melhor elucidar os mecanismos patogenéticos envolvidos na HLH secundária, mas também para disseminar os resultados no ambiente clínico, contribuindo para o diagnóstico e tratamento precoces com consequente redução da taxa de mortalidade. Palavras-chave: Doenças Autoimunes. Histiocitose. Biomarcadores.
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Guo Y, Cao W, Zhu Y. Immunoregulatory Functions of the IL-12 Family of Cytokines in Antiviral Systems. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090772. [PMID: 31443406 PMCID: PMC6784021 DOI: 10.3390/v11090772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family have been known to be inflammatory factors since their discovery. The IL-12 family consists of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, and a new member, IL-39, which has recently been identified and has not yet been studied extensively. Current literature has described the mechanisms of immunity of these cytokines and potential uses for therapy and medical cures. IL-12 was found first and is effective in combatting a wide range of naturally occurring viral infections through the upregulation of various cytokines to clear the infected cells. IL-23 has an essential function in immune networks, can induce IL-17 production, and can antagonize inhibition from IL-12 in the presence of T helper (Th) 17 cells, resulting in type II IFN (IFN-γ) regulation. IL-27 has a competitive relationship to IL-35 because they both include the same subunit, the Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene3 (EBi3). This review provides a simple introduction to the IL-12 family and focuses on their functions relevant to their actions to counteract viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Cardoso AL, Fernandes A, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, de Angelis MH, Guedes JR, Brito MA, Ortolano S, Pani G, Athanasopoulou S, Gonos ES, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Peterson P, Tuna BG, Dogan S, Meyer A, van Os R, Trendelenburg AU. Towards frailty biomarkers: Candidates from genes and pathways regulated in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:214-277. [PMID: 30071357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use of the frailty index to measure an accumulation of deficits has been proven a valuable method for identifying elderly people at risk for increased vulnerability, disease, injury, and mortality. However, complementary molecular frailty biomarkers or ideally biomarker panels have not yet been identified. We conducted a systematic search to identify biomarker candidates for a frailty biomarker panel. METHODS Gene expression databases were searched (http://genomics.senescence.info/genes including GenAge, AnAge, LongevityMap, CellAge, DrugAge, Digital Aging Atlas) to identify genes regulated in aging, longevity, and age-related diseases with a focus on secreted factors or molecules detectable in body fluids as potential frailty biomarkers. Factors broadly expressed, related to several "hallmark of aging" pathways as well as used or predicted as biomarkers in other disease settings, particularly age-related pathologies, were identified. This set of biomarkers was further expanded according to the expertise and experience of the authors. In the next step, biomarkers were assigned to six "hallmark of aging" pathways, namely (1) inflammation, (2) mitochondria and apoptosis, (3) calcium homeostasis, (4) fibrosis, (5) NMJ (neuromuscular junction) and neurons, (6) cytoskeleton and hormones, or (7) other principles and an extensive literature search was performed for each candidate to explore their potential and priority as frailty biomarkers. RESULTS A total of 44 markers were evaluated in the seven categories listed above, and 19 were awarded a high priority score, 22 identified as medium priority and three were low priority. In each category high and medium priority markers were identified. CONCLUSION Biomarker panels for frailty would be of high value and better than single markers. Based on our search we would propose a core panel of frailty biomarkers consisting of (1) CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), IL-6 (interleukin 6), CX3CL1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1), (2) GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5), vimentin (VIM), (3) regucalcin (RGN/SMP30), calreticulin, (4) PLAU (plasminogen activator, urokinase), AGT (angiotensinogen), (5) BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), progranulin (PGRN), (6) α-klotho (KL), FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), FGF21, leptin (LEP), (7) miRNA (micro Ribonucleic acid) panel (to be further defined), AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) and KRT18 (keratin 18). An expanded panel would also include (1) pentraxin (PTX3), sVCAM/ICAM (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/Intercellular adhesion molecule 1), defensin α, (2) APP (amyloid beta precursor protein), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), (3) S100B (S100 calcium binding protein B), (4) TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta), PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), TGM2 (transglutaminase 2), (5) sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycosylation end products), HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), C3/C1Q (complement factor 3/1Q), ST2 (Interleukin 1 receptor like 1), agrin (AGRN), (6) IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), resistin (RETN), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), ghrelin (GHRL), growth hormone (GH), (7) microparticle panel (to be further defined), GpnmB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B) and lactoferrin (LTF). We believe that these predicted panels need to be experimentally explored in animal models and frail cohorts in order to ascertain their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Yang R, Gao N, Chang Q, Meng X, Wang W. The role of IDO, IL-10, and TGF-β in the HCV-associated chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 2018; 91:265-271. [PMID: 29611873 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan to kynurenine and studies have revealed that IDO play a vital role in regulation of liver immunity and inflammation activities. This study investigated the association between plasma IDO and disease severity and the possible marker role of IDO in the inflammatory process of hepatitis C. In this study, 80 individuals with HCV infection were retrospectively selected. Plasma levels of IDO, IL-10, and TGF-β were assayed by ELISA. Clinical characteristics of patients, including the levels of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin (TBil) were collected from clinical databases. HCV-related liver cirrhosis (HC-Cirr) and HCV-related Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV-HCC) had significantly high plasma levels of IDO compared to other patient groups and healthy controls. Plasma IL-10 level were significantly greater in all chronic liver disease groups and with respect to TGF-β, the level was high in all the selected patients with HCV infection compare with controls. Moreover, HCV-HCC patients showed highest values for both IL-10 and TGF-β, with significant difference compared with other groups. In addition, plasma IDO was positively correlated with TGF-β among all patients with HCV infection (r = 0.4509, P < 0.0001), with IL-10 in CHC patients (r = 0.4787, P = 0.0047), with TBil in HCV-Cirr patients (r = 0.4671; P = 0.0093). High level of IDO and TGF-β is associated with hepatocyte necrosis and intrahepatic inflammation, and may be used as an index of disease progression for patients with chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Nan Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xianchun Meng
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wanhai Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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Gu JX, Cheng XJ, Luo X, Yang X, Pang YP, Zhang XF, Zhang YY, Liu Y. Luteolin Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments by Suppressing the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Enhancing Synapse-Associated Proteins GAP-43 and SYN Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1905-13. [PMID: 30088237 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid isolated from Cirsium japonicum, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Our previous studies brought a prospect that luteolin benefited diabetic rats with cognitive impairments. In this study, we examined whether luteolin could suppress the inflammatory cytokines, thus increasing synapse-associated proteins in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rat models. The model rats underwent luteolin treatment for 8 consecutive weeks, followed by assessment of cognitive performances with MWM test. Nissl staining was employed to assess the neuropathological changes in the hippocampus and the effects of luteolin on diabetic rats. With animals sacrificed, expressions of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and synapse-associated proteins including growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and synaptophysin (SYN) were determined. The results affirmed improvement of behavioral performances in the MWM test, downexpression of glycation end products (AGEs) in the plasma and the receptor for advanced glycation end products in the hippocampus, inhibition of IL-1β and TNF-α in both the hippocampus and plasma in diabetic rats. Furthermore, luteolin treatment upregulated the expressions of GAP-43 and SYN in the hippocampus. Thus, luteolin could ameliorate the cognitive dysfunctions in STZ-induced diabetic rat model.
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Pine GM, Batugedara HM, Nair MG. Here, there and everywhere: Resistin-like molecules in infection, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Cytokine 2018; 110:442-451. [PMID: 29866514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Resistin-Like Molecules (RELM) α, β, and γ and their namesake, resistin, share structural and sequence homology but exhibit significant diversity in expression and function within their mammalian host. RELM proteins are expressed in a wide range of diseases, such as: microbial infections (eg. bacterial and helminth), inflammatory diseases (eg. asthma, fibrosis) and metabolic disorders (eg. diabetes). While the expression pattern and molecular regulation of RELM proteins are well characterized, much controversy remains over their proposed functions, with evidence of host-protective and pathogenic roles. Moreover, the receptors for RELM proteins are unclear, although three receptors for resistin, decorin, adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) have recently been proposed. In this review, we will first summarize the molecular regulation of the RELM gene family, including transcription regulation and tissue expression in humans and mouse disease models. Second, we will outline the function and receptor-mediated signaling associated with RELM proteins. Finally, we will discuss recent studies suggesting that, despite early misconceptions that these proteins are pathogenic, RELM proteins have a more nuanced and potentially beneficial role for the host in certain disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Pine
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Hashini M Batugedara
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.
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Tsai T, Kuehn S, Tsiampalis N, Vu MK, Kakkassery V, Stute G, Dick HB, Joachim SC. Anti-inflammatory cytokine and angiogenic factors levels in vitreous samples of diabetic retinopathy patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194603. [PMID: 29584759 PMCID: PMC5870958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of cytokines in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is important for the identification of future additive or alternative treatment options. Therefore, vitreous samples were obtained from patients with DR and patients with macular hole or macular pucker (control group) during 23-gauge-vitrectomy (n = 17/group). The levels of three pro-inflammatory (IL-1ß, IL-6, IFN-γ) and pleiotropic cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-13) as well as VEGF, VEGF-A, and PGF were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-1ß (p = 0.02) and IFN-γ (p = 0.04), two of the three tested pro-inflammatory cytokines, were elevated in the DR patients, while IL-6 (p = 0.51) level was comparable in both groups. Moreover, in DR samples, a trend towards an IL-13 down-regulation (p = 0.36) was observable. The IL-2 (p = 0.62) and IL-4 (p = 0.78) levels were comparable in both groups. All analyzed angiogenetic factors were up-regulated in DR patients (VEGF: p<0.001; VEGF-A: p = 0.002; PGF: p<0.001). The up-regulation of angiogenetic factors underline their importance in DR development. However, the interaction of the other cytokines showed an interesting pattern. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were also up-regulated, which could be evidence for inflammation processes in the diabetic retina. Furthermore, it seems that a counter response of immunomodulatory cytokines is in an initial process, but not strong enough to regulate the processes. Therefore, to support these anti-inflammatory mechanisms might be additive treatment option in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Tsai
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandra Kuehn
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Tsiampalis
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Minh-Khoa Vu
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vinodh Kakkassery
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gesa Stute
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - H. Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Buechler C, Haberl EM, Rein-Fischboeck L, Aslanidis C. Adipokines in Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1392. [PMID: 28661458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, which is considered a serious disease. The Child-Pugh score and the model of end-stage liver disease score have been established to assess residual liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis. The development of portal hypertension contributes to ascites, variceal bleeding and further complications in these patients. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is used to lower portal pressure, which represents a major improvement in the treatment of patients. Adipokines are proteins released from adipose tissue and modulate hepatic fibrogenesis. These proteins affect various biological processes that are involved in liver function, including angiogenesis, vasodilation, inflammation and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The best studied adipokines are adiponectin and leptin. Adiponectin protects against hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis, and leptin functions as a profibrogenic factor. These and other adipokines are supposed to modulate disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis. Consequently, circulating levels of these proteins have been analyzed to identify associations with parameters of hepatic function, portal hypertension and its associated complications in patients with liver cirrhosis. This review article briefly addresses the role of adipokines in hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Here, studies having analyzed these proteins in systemic blood in cirrhotic patients are listed to identify adipokines that are comparably changed in the different cohorts of patients with liver cirrhosis. Some studies measured these proteins in systemic, hepatic and portal vein blood or after TIPS to specify the tissues contributing to circulating levels of these proteins and the effect of portal hypertension, respectively.
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