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De Gaetano V, Pallozzi M, Cerrito L, Santopaolo F, Stella L, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Management of Portal Hypertension in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Systemic Treatment: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1388. [PMID: 38611066 PMCID: PMC11011056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of CSPH in patients undergoing systemic treatment for HCC has emerged as a critical concern due to the absence of reliable diagnostic criteria and uncertainties surrounding therapeutic approaches. This review aims to underscore the primary pathophysiological aspects linking HCC and PH, while also addressing the current and emerging clinical strategies for the management of portal hypertension. A review of studies from January 2003 to June 2023 was conducted using the PubMed database and employing MeSH terms, such as "hepatocellular carcinoma", "immune checkpoint inhibitors", "systemic therapy", "portal hypertension", "variceal bleeding" and "tyrosine kinase inhibitors". Despite promising results of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in animal models for PH and fibrosis, only Sorafenib has demonstrated similar effects in human studies, whereas Lenvatinib appears to promote PH development. The impact of Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab on PH remains uncertain, with an increasing risk of bleeding related to Bevacizumab in patients with prior variceal hemorrhage. Given the absence of specific guidelines, endoscopic surveillance during treatment is advisable, and primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding should adhere to the Baveno VII recommendations. Furthermore, in patients with advanced HCC, refinement of diagnostic criteria for CSPH and guidelines for its surveillance are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Gaetano
- Liver Unit, Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Maria Pallozzi
- Liver Unit, Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- Liver Unit, Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Liver Unit, Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Leonardo Stella
- Liver Unit, Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Liver Unit, Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (F.R.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Liver Unit, Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (F.R.P.)
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Luo B, Que Z, Lu X, Qi D, Qiao Z, Yang Y, Qian F, Jiang Y, Li Y, Ke R, Shen X, Xiao H, Li H, Wu E, Tian J. Identification of exosome protein panels as predictive biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:29. [PMID: 37953280 PMCID: PMC10641949 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, primarily due to its propensity for metastasis. Patients diagnosed with localized primary cancer have higher survival rates than those with metastasis. Thus, it is imperative to discover biomarkers for the early detection of NSCLC and the timely prediction of tumor metastasis to improve patient outcomes. METHODS Here, we utilized an integrated approach to isolate and characterize plasma exosomes from NSCLC patients as well as healthy individuals. We then conducted proteomics analysis and parallel reaction monitoring to identify and validate the top-ranked proteins of plasma exosomes. RESULTS Our study revealed that the proteome in exosomes from NSCLC patients with metastasis was distinctly different from that from healthy individuals. The former had larger diameters and lower concentrations of exosomes than the latter. Furthermore, among the 1220 identified exosomal proteins, we identified two distinct panels of biomarkers. The first panel of biomarkers (FGB, FGG, and VWF) showed potential for early NSCLC diagnosis and demonstrated a direct correlation with the survival duration of NSCLC patients. The second panel of biomarkers (CFHR5, C9, and MBL2) emerged as potential biomarkers for assessing NSCLC metastasis, of which CFHR5 alone was significantly associated with the overall survival of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the potential of plasma exosomal biomarkers for early NSCLC diagnosis and metastasis prediction. Notably, CFHR5 stands out as a promising prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients. The clinical utility of exosomal biomarkers offers the potential to enhance the management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zujun Que
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Zhi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Fangfang Qian
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Ronghu Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Shen
- Prism Genomic Medicine, Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Hegen Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76502, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
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Elhence A, Shalimar. Von Willebrand Factor as a Biomarker for Liver Disease - An Update. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:1047-1060. [PMID: 37975050 PMCID: PMC10643510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The von Willebrand factor (vWF) is best known for its role in the hemostatic pathway, aiding platelet adhesion and aggregation, as well as circulating along with coagulation factor VIII, prolonging its half-life. However, vWF is more than a hemostatic protein and is a marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. The levels of vWF increase progressively as cirrhosis progresses. Despite its qualitative defects, it can support and carry out its hemostatic role and contribute to a pro-coagulant disbalance. Moreover, it has been shown to be a good noninvasive marker for predicting clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). The vWF has been shown to predict decompensation and mortality among cirrhosis patients independently of the stage of liver disease and severity of portal hypertension. Increased vWF levels in the setting of endothelial injury predict bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. The vWF-to-thrombocyte ratio (VITRO) score adds to the diagnostic ability of vWF alone in detecting CSPH non-invasively. Not only have vWF levels been shown to help predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among cirrhosis patients, but they also predict the risk of complications post-resection for HCC and response to systemic therapies. vWF-induced portal microthrombi have been purported to contribute to the pathogenesis of acute liver failure progression as well as non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. The prospect of modulation of vWF levels using drugs such as non-selective beta-blockers, statins, anticoagulants, and non-absorbable antibiotics and its use as a predictive biomarker for the response to these drugs needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Cancer Institute- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ponziani FR, Sacco M, Tardugno M, Santopaolo F, Marsico A, Manna S, Lancellotti S, Gasbarrini A, De Cristofaro R, Pompili M. Low ADAMTS-13/VWF ratio and altered gut–liver axis predict complications of advanced chronic liver disease: a pilot study. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac065. [PMCID: PMC9639792 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Corresponding author. Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology–Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS; Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39-3471227242;
| | - Monica Sacco
- Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases Service, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maira Tardugno
- Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases Service, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology–Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Marsico
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology–Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Manna
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology–Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Lancellotti
- Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases Service, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology–Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Karampinis I, Nowak K, Koett J, Mess C, Wagner L, Gaiser T, Mayer FT, Goertz L, Schneider SW, Bauer AT. Von Willebrand factor in the plasma and in the tumor tissue predicts cancer-associated thrombosis and mortality. Haematologica 2022; 108:261-266. [PMID: 36134455 PMCID: PMC9827172 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Karampinis
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Academic Thoracic Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz,*IK, KN and JK contributed equally as co-first authors
| | - Kai Nowak
- Department of Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim,*IK, KN and JK contributed equally as co-first authors
| | - Julian Koett
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg,*IK, KN and JK contributed equally as co-first authors
| | - Christian Mess
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Laura Wagner
- Center for Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, Hospital Worms, Worms
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Frank Thomas Mayer
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt
| | - Lukas Goertz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne
| | - Stefan Werner Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Alexander Thomas Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg,Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,A.T. BAUER -
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6
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Comerford C, Glavey S, Quinn J, O’Sullivan JM. The role of VWF/FVIII in thrombosis and cancer progression in multiple myeloma and other hematological malignancies. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1766-1777. [PMID: 35644028 PMCID: PMC9546473 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer associated thrombosis (CAT) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, highlighting an unmet clinical need to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of CAT. Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with one of the highest rates of thrombosis despite widespread use of thromboprophylactic agents. The pathophysiology of thrombosis in MM is multifactorial and patients with MM appear to display a hypercoagulable phenotype with potential contributory factors including raised von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels, activated protein C resistance, impaired fibrinolysis, and abnormal thrombin generation. In addition, the toxic effect of anti-myeloma therapies on the endothelium and contribution to thrombosis has been widely described. Elevated VWF/factor VIII (FVIII) plasma levels have been reported in heterogeneous cohorts of patients with MM and other hematological malignancies. In specific studies, high plasma VWF levels have been shown to associate with VTE risk and reduced overall survival. While the mechanisms underpinning this remain unclear, dysregulation of the VWF and A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease Thrombospondin type 1, motif 13 (ADAMTS-13) axis is evident in certain solid organ malignancies and correlates with advanced disease and thrombosis. Furthermore, thrombotic microangiopathic conditions arising from deficiencies in ADAMTS-13 and thus an accumulation of prothrombotic VWF multimers have been reported in patients with MM, particularly in association with specific myeloma therapies. This review will discuss current evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning thrombosis in MM and in particular summarize the role of VWF/FVIII in hematological malignancies with a focus on thrombotic risk and emerging evidence for contribution to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Comerford
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
- Department of HaematologyBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Siobhan Glavey
- Department of HaematologyBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- School of PathologyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - John Quinn
- Department of HaematologyBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- School of MedicineRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Jamie M. O’Sullivan
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
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Ferraresso F, Strilchuk AW, Juang LJ, Poole LG, Luyendyk JP, Kastrup CJ. Comparison of DLin-MC3-DMA and ALC-0315 for siRNA Delivery to Hepatocytes and Hepatic Stellate Cells. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2175-2182. [PMID: 35642083 PMCID: PMC9621687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ionizable cationic lipids are essential for efficient in vivo delivery of RNA by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3), ALC-0315, and SM-102 are the only ionizable cationic lipids currently clinically approved for RNA therapies. ALC-0315 and SM-102 are structurally similar lipids used in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, while MC3 is used in siRNA therapy to knock down transthyretin in hepatocytes. Hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are particularly attractive targets for RNA therapy because they synthesize many plasma proteins, including those that influence blood coagulation. While LNPs preferentially accumulate in the liver, evaluating the ability of different ionizable cationic lipids to deliver RNA cargo into distinct cell populations is important for designing RNA-LNP therapies with minimal hepatotoxicity. Here, we directly compared LNPs containing either ALC-0315 or MC3 to knock-down coagulation factor VII (FVII) in hepatocytes and ADAMTS13 in HSCs. At a dose of 1 mg/kg siRNA in mice, LNPs with ALC-0315 achieved a 2- and 10-fold greater knockdown of FVII and ADAMTS13, respectively, compared to LNPs with MC3. At a high dose (5 mg/kg), ALC-0315 LNPs increased markers of liver toxicity (ALT and bile acids), while the same dose of MC3 LNPs did not. These results demonstrate that ALC-0315 LNPs achieves potent siRNA-mediated knockdown of target proteins in hepatocytes and HSCs, in mice, though markers of liver toxicity can be observed after a high dose. This study provides an initial comparison that may inform the development of ionizable cationic LNP therapeutics with maximal efficacy and limited toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferraresso
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amy W Strilchuk
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lih Jiin Juang
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lauren G. Poole
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada,Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States,Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States,Corresponding author: Dr. Christian J Kastrup, Versiti Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, 8727 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, USA; ., Phone: 1-414-937-6805, Fax: N/A
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Takaya H, Namisaki T, Asada S, Iwai S, Kubo T, Suzuki J, Enomoto M, Tsuji Y, Fujinaga Y, Nishimura N, Sawada Y, Kaji K, Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Akahane T, Matsumoto M, Yoshiji H. ADAMTS13, VWF, and Endotoxin Are Interrelated and Associated with the Severity of Liver Cirrhosis via Hypercoagulability. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1835. [PMID: 35407443 PMCID: PMC8999602 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS13 specifically cleaves the multimeric von Willebrand factor (VWF), and an imbalance between ADAMTS13 activity (ADAMTS13:AC) and VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) levels is associated with the severity of liver cirrhosis (LC). However, the reason for this imbalance in patients with LC is unknown. This study investigated the relationship among ADAMTS13:AC, VWF:Ag, and endotoxin (Et) levels in patients with LC. ADAMTS13:AC and VWF:Ag levels were determined using ELISA, whereas Et levels were estimated using a chromogenic substrate assay. The levels of ADAMTS13 inhibitor (ADAMTS13:INH) were evaluated by measuring the extent that heat-inactivated patient’s plasma reduces the ADAMTS13:AC of the control. The status (degraded, normal, or unusually large [UL]) of the VWF multimer (VWFM) was determined through vertical agarose gel electrophoresis. ADAMTS13:AC, VWF:Ag, and Et levels decreased, increased, and increased, respectively, with the severity of LC. Patients with cirrhosis with high Et levels had lower and higher ADAMTS13:AC and VWF:Ag levels, respectively, than those with low Et levels. Patients with cirrhosis with detectable ADAMTS13:INH had higher Et levels than those with undetectable ADAMTS13:INH. Patients whose VWFM was either normal or UL had higher Et levels than those with degraded VWFM. In conclusion, ADAMTS13, VWF, and Et may be interrelated and associated with the severity of LC via hypercoagulability.
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Colonne CK, Favaloro EJ, Pasalic L. The Intriguing Connections between von Willebrand Factor, ADAMTS13 and Cancer. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:557. [PMID: 35327035 PMCID: PMC8953111 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a complex and large protein that is cleaved by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), and together they serve important roles in normal hemostasis. Malignancy can result in both a deficiency or excess of VWF, leading to aberrant hemostasis with either increased bleeding or thrombotic complications, as respectively seen with acquired von Willebrand syndrome and cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. There is emerging evidence to suggest VWF also plays a role in inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor biology, and it is likely that VWF promotes tumor metastasis. High VWF levels have been documented in a number of malignancies and in some cases correlate with more advanced disease and poor prognosis. Tumor cells can induce endothelial cells to release VWF and certain tumor cells have the capacity for de novo expression of VWF, leading to a proinflammatory microenvironment that is likely conducive to tumor progression, metastasis and micro-thrombosis. VWF can facilitate tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells and aids with the recruitment of platelets into the tumor microenvironment, where tumor/platelet aggregates are able to form and facilitate hematogenous spread of cancer. As ADAMTS13 moderates VWF level and activity, it too is potentially involved in the pathophysiology of these events. VWF and ADAMTS13 have been explored as tumor biomarkers for the detection and prognostication of certain malignancies; however, the results are underdeveloped and so currently not utilized for clinical use. Further studies addressing the basic science mechanisms and real word epidemiology are required to better appreciate the intriguing connections between VWF, ADAMTS13 and malignancy. A better understanding of the role VWF and ADAMTS13 play in the promotion and inhibition of cancer and its metastasis will help direct further translational studies to aid with the development of novel cancer prognostic tools and treatment modalities.
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Takaya H, Namisaki T, Matsumoto K, Suzuki J, Murata K, Tsuji Y, Nakanishi K, Kaji K, Kitade M, Noguchi R, Yoshiji H. Comparison of Ablation Area and Change in Functional Liver Reserve after Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using the arfa ® and VIVA ® Systems. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020434. [PMID: 35054128 PMCID: PMC8780974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is recommended in Japan for patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) one to three in number and ≤3 cm in size. The arfa® and VIVA® RFA systems are widely used for patients with HCC and this retrospective observational study aims to compare their performances. The study included 365 patients with HCCs one to three in number and ≤3 cm in size who underwent RFA using the arfa® system (arfa® group) or the VIVA® system (VIVA® group). The total bilirubin (T-Bil) level after RFA was higher in the arfa® group than in the VIVA® group. With a 3-cm electrode needle, the longest diameter (Dmax) and the shortest diameter were analyzed and found to be greater in the arfa® group than in the VIVA® group. Furthermore, Dmax with the 2.5-cm electrode needle was greater in the arfa® group than in the VIVA® group. Statistically significant differences in the ablation area and in the T-Bil value after RFA were observed between the groups; however, these differences are not considered clinical problems because the difference in the ablation area was only slight and the Child–Pugh score was the same between the groups. Thus, hepatologists can use either of the RFA systems based on their preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takaya
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-22-3051; Fax: +81-744-24-7122
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11
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Qiao R, Xiao R, Chen Z, Jiang J, Yuan C, Ning S, Wang J, Zhou Z. Cloning, Expression and Inhibitory Effects on Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells of rAj-Tspin from Sea Cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus). Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010229. [PMID: 35011462 PMCID: PMC8746392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, sea cucumber has become a favorite healthcare food due to its characteristic prevention of cardiovascular diseases, suppression of tumors, as well as enhancement of immunity. In order to screen the anti-tumoral proteins or peptides from sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), its cDNA library was analyzed, and a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13)-like was found. ADAMTS13-like contains 10 thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) domains. Based on analysis of bioinformatics, the third TSP1 domain of this protein, which is further named Aj-Tspin, contains an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif. Since our previous studies showed that the recombinant RGD-containing peptide from lampreys showed anti-tumoral activity, the third TSP1 domain of ADAMTS13-like was chosen to evaluate it's effect on tumor proliferation and metastasis, despite the fact it shares almost no homologue with disintegrins from other species. After artificial synthesis, its cDNA sequence, Aj-Tspin, which is composed of 56 amino acids, was subcloned into a pET23b vector and expressed as a recombinant Aj-Tspin (rAj-Tspin) in a soluble form with a molecular weight of 6.976 kDa. Through affinity chromatography, rAj-Tspin was purified as a single protein. Both anti-proliferation and immunofluorescence assays showed that rAj-Tspin suppressed the proliferation of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells through apoptosis. Adhesion assay also displayed that rAj-Tspin inhibited the adhesion of LLC cells to ECM proteins, including fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin and collagen. Lastly, rAj-Tspin also suppressed the migration and invasion of LLC cells across the filter in transwells. Thus, the above indicates that rAj-Tspin might act as a potential anti-tumoral drug in the future and could also provide information on the nutritional value of sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qiao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China; (R.Q.); (Z.C.); (J.J.)
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (R.X.); (C.Y.); (S.N.)
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (R.X.); (C.Y.); (S.N.)
| | - Zhong Chen
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China; (R.Q.); (Z.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China; (R.Q.); (Z.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Chenghua Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (R.X.); (C.Y.); (S.N.)
| | - Shuxiang Ning
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (R.X.); (C.Y.); (S.N.)
| | - Jihong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (R.X.); (C.Y.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-133-8411-3698 (Z.Z.)
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China; (R.Q.); (Z.C.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-133-8411-3698 (Z.Z.)
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12
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Chen Y, Wei D, Deng M. Comparative Analysis of Serum Proteins Between Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes B and C Infection by DIA-Based Quantitative Proteomics. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4701-4715. [PMID: 34795487 PMCID: PMC8592397 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s335666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In clinical practice, the clinicopathological profiles and outcomes of patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are different between genotypes B and C. However, little is known about the potential mechanism and differences in specific biological pathways associated with the different genotype. This study aimed to compare the serum protein profile between patients infected with HBV genotype B and those infected with HBV genotype C. Patients and Methods A total of 54 serum samples from patients with chronic HBV genotype B infection and those with chronic HBV genotype C infection, and healthy controls were used for the proteomic analysis (n = 18 samples in per group). Serum proteomic profiles were analyzed using data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins (up- or downregulation of at least 1.5-fold) between serum samples from HBV patients infected with HBV genotype B and those infected with genotype C. Results We identified 1010 proteins, 53 of which were differentially expressed between the serum samples of the healthy controls and those of HBV genotype B infected patients, and 59 that were differentially expressed between the samples of the healthy controls and those of HBV genotype C infected patients. Furthermore, our results indicated that two proteins identified as being differentially expressed (VWF and C8B) have potential as biomarkers for distinguishing genotype B infected HBV patients from those infected with genotype C. Conclusion The results of our DIA-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that HBV genotypes B and C are associated with different molecular profiles and may provide fundamental information for further detailed investigations of the molecular mechanism underlying these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahai Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
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13
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He Y, Liu R, Yang M, Bi W, Zhou L, Zhang S, Jin J, Liang X, Zhang P. Identification of VWF as a Novel Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Comprehensive Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:639600. [PMID: 33968738 PMCID: PMC8100660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.639600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality worldwide due to the lack of reliable methods for early diagnosis and effective treatment. It’s imperative to study the mechanism of its development and explore new biomarkers for early detection of LUAD. In this study, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE43458 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to explore the differential co-expressed genes between LUAD and normal samples. Three hundred sixity-six co-expressed genes were identified by differential gene expression analysis and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) method. Those genes were mainly enriched in ameboidal-type cell migration (biological process), collagen-containing extracellular matrix (cell component), and extracellular matrix structure constituent (molecular function). The protein-protein network (PPI) was constructed and 10 hub genes were identified, including IL6, VWF, CDH5, PECAM1, EDN1, BDNF, CAV1, SPP1, TEK, and SELE. The expression level of hub genes was validated in the GEPIA database, compared with normal tissues, VWF is lowly expressed and SPP1 is upregulated in LUAD tissues. The survival analysis showed increased expression of SPP1 indicated unfavorable prognosis whereas high expression of VWF suggested favorable prognosis in LUAD (p < 0.05). Based on the immune infiltration analysis, the relationship between SPP1 and VWF expression and macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cell infiltration was weak in LUAD. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to validate the expression of VWF and SPP1 in normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell and three LUAD cell lines, H1299, H1975, and A549. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was further performed to detect the expression of VWF in 10 cases LUAD samples and matched normal tissues. In summary, the data suggest that VWF is a potential novel biomarker for prognosis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Bi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuyin Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Colli A, Nadarevic T, Miletic D, Giljaca V, Fraquelli M, Štimac D, Casazza G. Abdominal ultrasound and alpha-foetoprotein for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 4:CD013346. [PMID: 33855699 PMCID: PMC8078581 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013346.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs mostly in people with chronic liver disease and ranks sixth in terms of global instances of cancer, and fourth in terms of cancer deaths for men. Despite that abdominal ultrasound (US) is used as an initial test to exclude the presence of focal liver lesions and serum alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) measurement may raise suspicion of HCC occurrence, further testing to confirm diagnosis as well as staging of HCC is required. Current guidelines recommend surveillance programme using US, with or without AFP, to detect HCC in high-risk populations despite the lack of clear benefits on overall survival. Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of US and AFP may clarify whether the absence of benefit in surveillance programmes could be related to under-diagnosis. Therefore, assessment of the accuracy of these two tests for diagnosing HCC in people with chronic liver disease, not included in surveillance programmes, is needed. OBJECTIVES Primary: the diagnostic accuracy of US and AFP, alone or in combination, for the diagnosis of HCC of any size and at any stage in adults with chronic liver disease, either in a surveillance programme or in a clinical setting. Secondary: to assess the diagnostic accuracy of abdominal US and AFP, alone or in combination, for the diagnosis of resectable HCC; to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the individual tests versus the combination of both tests; to investigate sources of heterogeneity in the results. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Diagnostic-Test-Accuracy Studies Register, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Science Citation Index Expanded, until 5 June 2020. We applied no language or document-type restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of US and AFP, independently or in combination, for the diagnosis of HCC in adults with chronic liver disease, with cross-sectional and case-control designs, using one of the acceptable reference standards, such as pathology of the explanted liver, histology of resected or biopsied focal liver lesion, or typical characteristics on computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging, all with a six-months follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and applicability concerns, using the QUADAS-2 checklist. We presented the results of sensitivity and specificity, using paired forest-plots, and tabulated the results. We used a hierarchical meta-analysis model where appropriate. We presented uncertainty of the accuracy estimates using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We double-checked all data extractions and analyses. MAIN RESULTS We included 373 studies. The index-test was AFP (326 studies, 144,570 participants); US (39 studies, 18,792 participants); and a combination of AFP and US (eight studies, 5454 participants). We judged at high-risk of bias all but one study. Most studies used different reference standards, often inappropriate to exclude the presence of the target condition, and the time-interval between the index test and the reference standard was rarely defined. Most studies with AFP had a case-control design. We also had major concerns for the applicability due to the characteristics of the participants. As the primary studies with AFP used different cut-offs, we performed a meta-analysis using the hierarchical-summary-receiver-operating-characteristic model, then we carried out two meta-analyses including only studies reporting the most used cut-offs: around 20 ng/mL or 200 ng/mL. AFP cut-off 20 ng/mL: for HCC (147 studies) sensitivity 60% (95% CI 58% to 62%), specificity 84% (95% CI 82% to 86%); for resectable HCC (six studies) sensitivity 65% (95% CI 62% to 68%), specificity 80% (95% CI 59% to 91%). AFP cut-off 200 ng/mL: for HCC (56 studies) sensitivity 36% (95% CI 31% to 41%), specificity 99% (95% CI 98% to 99%); for resectable HCC (two studies) one with sensitivity 4% (95% CI 0% to 19%), specificity 100% (95% CI 96% to 100%), and one with sensitivity 8% (95% CI 3% to 18%), specificity 100% (95% CI 97% to 100%). US: for HCC (39 studies) sensitivity 72% (95% CI 63% to 79%), specificity 94% (95% CI 91% to 96%); for resectable HCC (seven studies) sensitivity 53% (95% CI 38% to 67%), specificity 96% (95% CI 94% to 97%). Combination of AFP (cut-off of 20 ng/mL) and US: for HCC (six studies) sensitivity 96% (95% CI 88% to 98%), specificity 85% (95% CI 73% to 93%); for resectable HCC (two studies) one with sensitivity 89% (95% CI 73% to 97%), specificity of 83% (95% CI 76% to 88%), and one with sensitivity 79% (95% CI 54% to 94%), specificity 87% (95% CI 79% to 94%). The observed heterogeneity in the results remains mostly unexplained, and only in part referable to different cut-offs or settings (surveillance programme compared to clinical series). The sensitivity analyses, excluding studies published as abstracts, or with case-control design, showed no variation in the results. We compared the accuracy obtained from studies with AFP (cut-off around 20 ng/mL) and US: a direct comparison in 11 studies (6674 participants) showed a higher sensitivity of US (81%, 95% CI 66% to 90%) versus AFP (64%, 95% CI 56% to 71%) with similar specificity: US 92% (95% CI 83% to 97%) versus AFP 89% (95% CI 79% to 94%). A direct comparison of six studies (5044 participants) showed a higher sensitivity (96%, 95% CI 88% to 98%) of the combination of AFP and US versus US (76%, 95% CI 56% to 89%) with similar specificity: AFP and US 85% (95% CI 73% to 92%) versus US 93% (95% CI 80% to 98%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In the clinical pathway for the diagnosis of HCC in adults, AFP and US, singularly or in combination, have the role of triage-tests. We found that using AFP, with 20 ng/mL as a cut-off, about 40% of HCC occurrences would be missed, and with US alone, more than a quarter. The combination of the two tests showed the highest sensitivity and less than 5% of HCC occurrences would be missed with about 15% of false-positive results. The uncertainty resulting from the poor study quality and the heterogeneity of included studies limit our ability to confidently draw conclusions based on our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Colli
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Tin Nadarevic
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Damir Miletic
- Department of Radiology , Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanja Giljaca
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mirella Fraquelli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca´ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davor Štimac
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Giovanni Casazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity, a risk factor for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is often accompanied by a systemic increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS; metabolic endotoxemia), which is thought to mediate obesity-associated inflammation. However, the direct effects of LPS on PDAC cells are poorly understood. METHODS The expression of toll-like receptor 4, the receptor for LPS, was confirmed in PDAC cell lines. AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells were exposed to LPS, and differential gene expression was determined by RNA sequencing. The activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by LPS in PDAC cells was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS The expression of toll-like receptor 4 was confirmed in all PDAC cell lines. The exposure to LPS led to differential expression of 3083 genes (426 ≥5-fold) in AsPC-1 and 2584 genes (339 ≥5-fold) in PANC-1. A top canonical pathway affected by LPS in both cell lines was PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Western blotting confirmed activation of this pathway as measured by phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 and Akt. CONCLUSIONS The exposure of PDAC cells to LPS led to differential gene expression. A top canonical pathway was PI3K/Akt/mTOR, a known oncogenic driver. Our findings provided evidence that LPS can directly induce differential gene expression in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne L Massoumi
- From the Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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16
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Théret N, Bouezzeddine F, Azar F, Diab-Assaf M, Legagneux V. ADAM and ADAMTS Proteins, New Players in the Regulation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071563. [PMID: 33805340 PMCID: PMC8037375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Members of the adamalysin family are multi-domain proteins involved in many cancer-related functions. In this review, we will examine the literature on the involvement of adamalysins in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and their importance in the tumor microenvironment where they regulate the inflammatory response and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. We complete this review with an analysis of adamalysin expression in a large cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. These original results give a new insight into the involvement of all adamalysins in the primary liver cancer. Abstract The tumor microenvironment plays a major role in tumor growth, invasion and resistance to chemotherapy, however understanding how all actors from microenvironment interact together remains a complex issue. The tumor microenvironment is classically represented as three closely connected components including the stromal cells such as immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes and endothelial cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytokine/growth factors. Within this space, proteins of the adamalysin family (ADAM for a disintegrin and metalloproteinase; ADAMTS for ADAM with thrombospondin motifs; ADAMTSL for ADAMTS-like) play critical roles by modulating cell–cell and cell–ECM communication. During last decade, the implication of adamalysins in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been supported by numerous studies however the functional characterization of most of them remain unsettled. In the present review we propose both an overview of the literature and a meta-analysis of adamalysins expression in HCC using data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Théret
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.A.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fidaa Bouezzeddine
- Molecular Cancer and Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University Fanar, 1500 Beirut, Lebanon; (F.B.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Fida Azar
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Molecular Cancer and Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University Fanar, 1500 Beirut, Lebanon; (F.B.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Vincent Legagneux
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.A.); (V.L.)
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17
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Zhao L, Shi J, Chang L, Wang Y, Liu S, Li Y, Zhang T, Zuo T, Fu B, Wang G, Ruan Y, Zhang Y, Xu P. Serum-Derived Exosomal Proteins as Potential Candidate Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Omega 2021; 6:827-835. [PMID: 33458533 PMCID: PMC7808137 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of hepatic malignancies. The diagnosis of HCC remains challenging due to the low sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic method. Exosomes, which are abundant in various proteins from parent cells, play pivotal roles in intercellular communication and have been confirmed as promising sources of disease biomarkers. Herein, we performed a simple but robust proteomic profiling on exosomes derived from 1 μL of serum using a data-independent acquisition (DIA) method for the first time, to screen potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC. Ten pivotal differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (von Willebrand factor (VWF), LGALS3BP, TGFB1, SERPINC1, HPX, HP, HBA1, FGA, FGG, and FGB) were screened as a potential candidate biomarker panel, which could completely discriminate patients with HCC from normal control (NC). Interestingly, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) revealed that the expression levels of four genes increased and those of six genes decreased in HCC tissues compared with normal tissues, which were in concordance with protein expression levels. In conclusion, we screened 10 exosomal proteins holding promise for acting as a potential candidate biomarker panel for detection of HCC through a simple but robust proteomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- Medical
School of Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Medical
School of Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bin Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key
Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Medical
School of Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Medical
School of Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Research Unit of Proteomics
& Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, 38 Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
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Takaya H, Namisaki T, Moriya K, Shimozato N, Kaji K, Ogawa H, Ishida K, Tsuji Y, Kaya D, Takagi H, Fujinaga Y, Nishimura N, Sawada Y, Kawaratani H, Akahane T, Matsumoto M, Yoshiji H. Association between ADAMTS13 activity–VWF antigen imbalance and the therapeutic effect of HAIC in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7232-7241. [PMID: 33362379 PMCID: PMC7723670 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i45.7232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction of HAIC treatment response is important for improving the prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The progression of HCC is related to hypercoagulability and angiogenesis. It is known that ADAMTS13 and von Willebrand factor (VWF) are related to hypercoagulability. In addition, previous study reported that the association between ADAMTS13 and VWF, and angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Recently, ADAMTS13 and VWF have been associated with the prognosis in patients with various kinds of cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
AIM To investigate whether ADAMTS13 and VWF become useful biomarkers of treatment response in HCC patients before the initiation of HAIC treatment.
METHODS Seventy-two patients were enrolled in this study. ADAMTS13 activity (ADAMTS13:AC), VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) and VEGF levels were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the predictive factors of treatment response in patients with HCC undergoing HAIC treatment.
RESULTS ADAMTS13:AC levels in HCC patients with stable disease (SD) + partial response (PR) of HAIC treatment were significantly higher than those with progressive disease (PD) (P < 0.05). In contrast, VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13:AC ratio and VEGF levels in HCC patients with SD + PR were significantly lower than those with PD (both P < 0.05). Patients with high VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13:AC ratio (> 2.7) had higher VEGF levels than those with low ratio (≤ 2.7). Multivariable analysis revealed that VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13:AC ratio was a predictive factor of HAIC treatment response.
CONCLUSION VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13:AC ratio may become a useful biomarker of treatment response in HCC patients before the initiation of HAIC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Naotaka Shimozato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Koji Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | | | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsumoto
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Patmore S, Dhami SPS, O'Sullivan JM. Von Willebrand factor and cancer; metastasis and coagulopathies. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2444-2456. [PMID: 32573945 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric procoagulant plasma glycoprotein that mediates platelet adhesion along the endothelium. In addition to its role maintaining normal hemostasis, more recently novel biological functions for VWF have been described, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Significantly increased plasma VWF levels have been reported across a variety of cancer patient cohorts. Given that VWF is established as a risk factor for venous thrombosis, this is of direct clinical importance. Moreover, elevated VWF has also been observed localized within the tumor microenvironment, correlating with advanced disease stage and poorer clinical outcome. Critically, evidence suggests that elevated VWF levels in cancer patients may not only contribute to cancer associated coagulopathies but may also mediate cancer progression and metastasis. Studies have shown that VWF can promote pro-inflammatory signaling, regulate angiogenesis and vascular permeability, which may facilitate tumor cell growth and extravasation across the vessel wall. Endothelial secreted VWF multimers contribute to the adhesion and transendothelial migration of tumor cells key for tumor dissemination. In support of this, VWF inhibition attenuated metastasis in vivo. Perhaps most intriguingly, specific tumor cells have been reported to acquire de novo VWF expression which increases tumor-platelet heteroaggregates and confers enhanced metastatic activity. Current knowledge on the roles of VWF in cancer and in particular its contribution to metastasis and cancer associated coagulopathies is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Patmore
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sukhraj Pal S Dhami
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie M O'Sullivan
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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