Le TV, Nguyen VTT, Nguyen QH, Nguyen TTT, Duong TTN, Ly TTT, Pham TN, Nguyen VL, Vien CC. The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies in healthy population in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a population-based study.
IJID Regions 2022;
3:171-176. [PMID:
35755469 PMCID:
PMC9216714 DOI:
10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.03.019]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The risk of diphtheria remains high in Kon Tum given the low seroprevalence.
One third of community in Kon Tum have no protective antibodies to diphtheria.
The antibodies from previous childhood vaccination gradually wane over time.
A booster dose (5-7 years) is recommended for adolescents and adults in Vietnam.
Background
Despite diphtheria immunization are to apply an effective primary immunization in childhood and to maintain immunity throughout life. Cases of diphtheria have been reported in Viet Nam in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxoid among healthy person population in Kon Tum, Viet Nam.
Methods
Blood samples were obtained from 2225 healthy persons aged 2-98 years collected in 2019 and 2020. Samples were tested for diphtheria toxoid antibodies by commercial Anti-Diphtheria Toxoid IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results
An antibody level of <0.01 IU/mL (susceptibility) was found in 802 (36.0%) of the 2225 subjects, 136 (6.1%) had antibody levels of 0.01–0.099 IU/mL (basic protection), and 1287 (57.8%) had antibody levels ≥0.1 IU/mL (full protection). The full protection level increased significantly in persons aged above 60 years with antibody levels of 70.6%. No significant difference in seroprotection prevalence was found according to gender, ethnicity, residence, education and occupation. The results also demonstrated that people with vaccination against diphtheria during past 10 years were found to have a high immunity (83.8%) compared to 54.8% (OR: 4.7; 95%CI: 3.8-6.5) and 60.7% (OR: 3.8; 95%CI: 2.6-5.7) in persons with no and unknown vaccination (p <0.0001).
Conclusions
The level of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies among children and adults in Kon Tum was low. The high risk of diphtheria outbreaks may occur among individuals lacking basic immunity against diphtheria.
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