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Shomali N, Kamrani A, Heris JA, Shahabi P, Nasiri H, Sadeghvand S, Ghahremanzadeh K, Akbari M. Dysregulation of P53 in breast cancer: Causative factors and treatment strategies. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154539. [PMID: 37257244 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most prevalent cancers impacting women worldwide is breast cancer. Although there are several risk factors for breast cancer, the p53 gene's function has recently received much attention. The "gatekeeper" gene, or p53, is sometimes referred to as such since it is crucial in controlling cell proliferation and preventing the development of malignant cells. By identifying DNA damage and initiating cellular repair processes, p53 usually functions as a tumor-suppressor. But p53 gene alterations can result in a lack of function, allowing cells to divide out of control and perhaps triggering the onset of cancer. Various factors, such as mutation genes, signaling pathways, and hormones, can dysregulate P53 proteins and cause breast cancer. A promising strategy for individualized cancer treatment involves focusing on p53 mutations in breast cancer. While numerous techniques, including gene therapy and small compounds, have shown promise, further study is required to create safe and efficient treatments to target p53 mutations in breast cancer successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Kamrani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Pediatrics Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Yuan G, Liu Z, Wang W, Liu M, Xu Y, Hu W, Fan Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Si G. Multifunctional nanoplatforms application in the transcatheter chemoembolization against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:68. [PMID: 36849981 PMCID: PMC9969656 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the sixth-highest new incidence and fourth-highest mortality worldwide. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the primary treatment strategies for unresectable HCC. However, the therapeutic effect is still unsatisfactory due to the insufficient distribution of antineoplastic drugs in tumor tissues and the worsened post-embolization tumor microenvironment (TME, e.g., hypoxia and reduced pH). Recently, using nanomaterials as a drug delivery platform for TACE therapy of HCC has been a research hotspot. With the development of nanotechnology, multifunctional nanoplatforms have been developed to embolize the tumor vasculature, creating conditions for improving the distribution and bioavailability of drugs in tumor tissues. Currently, the researchers are focusing on functionalizing nanomaterials to achieve high drug loading efficacy, thorough vascular embolization, tumor targeting, controlled sustained release of drugs, and real-time imaging in the TACE process to facilitate precise embolization and enable therapeutic procedures follow-up imaging of tumor lesions. Herein, we summarized the recent advances and applications of functionalized nanomaterials based on TACE against HCC, believing that developing these functionalized nanoplatforms may be a promising approach for improving the TACE therapeutic effect of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yuan
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China ,grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China
| | - Zhiyin Liu
- grid.488387.8Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China
| | - Weiming Wang
- grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China ,grid.488387.8Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China ,grid.488387.8National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanneng Xu
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China ,grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China
| | - Wei Hu
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China ,grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China
| | - Yao Fan
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China
| | - Xun Zhang
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Guangyan Si
- Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Montaño-Samaniego M, Bravo-Estupiñan DM, Méndez-Guerrero O, Alarcón-Hernández E, Ibáñez-Hernández M. Strategies for Targeting Gene Therapy in Cancer Cells With Tumor-Specific Promoters. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605380. [PMID: 33381459 PMCID: PMC7768042 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, surpassed only by cardiovascular diseases, due to the lack of early diagnosis, and high relapse rate after conventional therapies. Chemotherapy inhibits the rapid growth of cancer cells, but it also affects normal cells with fast proliferation rate. Therefore, it is imperative to develop other safe and more effective treatment strategies, such as gene therapy, in order to significantly improve the survival rate and life expectancy of patients with cancer. The aim of gene therapy is to transfect a therapeutic gene into the host cells to express itself and cause a beneficial biological effect. However, the efficacy of the proposed strategies has been insufficient for delivering the full potential of gene therapy in the clinic. The type of delivery vehicle (viral or non viral) chosen depends on the desired specificity of the gene therapy. The first gene therapy trials were performed with therapeutic genes driven by viral promoters such as the CMV promoter, which induces non-specific toxicity in normal cells and tissues, in addition to cancer cells. The use of tumor-specific promoters over-expressed in the tumor, induces specific expression of therapeutic genes in a given tumor, increasing their localized activity. Several cancer- and/or tumor-specific promoters systems have been developed to target cancer cells. This review aims to provide up-to-date information concerning targeting gene therapy with cancer- and/or tumor-specific promoters including cancer suppressor genes, suicide genes, anti-tumor angiogenesis, gene silencing, and gene-editing technology, as well as the type of delivery vehicle employed. Gene therapy can be used to complement traditional therapies to provide more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Montaño-Samaniego
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diana M Bravo-Estupiñan
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Méndez-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ernesto Alarcón-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Ibáñez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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