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Aloi NF, Rahman H, Fowler JR. Changes in Cross-sectional Area of the Median Nerve and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Scores After Carpal Tunnel Release. Hand (N Y) 2024; 19:212-216. [PMID: 36189893 PMCID: PMC10953518 DOI: 10.1177/15589447221127336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that postoperative Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores and ultrasound (US) measurements of the median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) at the distal wrist crease are significantly decreased at 2-week, 6-week, and ≥ 6 months follow-up appointments, compared with baseline values. METHODS This study was a retrospective chart review of patients who presented to a single hand clinic with evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome over a 6-year period (2014-2020). Patients received baseline US measurements of the median nerve CSA as well as completion of the BCTQ, and for the patients who underwent carpal tunnel release (CTR), postoperative US measurements and questionnaire scores were obtained at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, or ≥ 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS This study included 224 separate wrists. Median Nerve CSA measurements were 13.2 ± 4.5 mm2 at baseline, 11.9 ± 3.6 mm2 at 2 weeks postoperatively, 11.6 ± 4.5 mm2 at 6 weeks postoperatively, and 11.7 ± 4.3 mm2 at 6 months or more (P = .002). The BCTQ Symptom Severity Scale scores were 3.14 ± 0.76 at baseline, 1.76 ± 0.63 at 2 weeks, 1.68 ± 0.70 at 6 weeks, and 1.41 ± 0.64 at 6 months or longer (P < .001). The BCTQ Functional Status Scale scores were 2.56 ± 0.89 at baseline, 2.03 ± .1.0 at 2 weeks, 1.65 ± 0.77 at 6 weeks, and 1.36 ± 0.61 at 6 months or longer (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated a sustained decrease in median nerve CSA and patient-reported outcomes following CTR at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and between 6 and 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haris Rahman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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Saglam G, Turgut MC, Semis HS, Toy S. Ultrasonographic Measurement of Median Nerve Cross-Sectional Area in Evaluating Carpal Tunnel Release Outcomes. J Hand Surg Am 2023; 48:1060.e1-1060.e8. [PMID: 35534326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Earlier research has explored carpal tunnel release (CTR) surgery outcomes using electrodiagnostic tests (EDX). However, evaluation of the median nerve before and after CTR by ultrasound (US) is understudied. This study aimed to establish the outcomes of CTR by EDX and US, and examine the correlation between the clinical improvement and US after CTR. METHODS The sample consisted of 172 wrists that underwent CTR. Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). The Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ), including the symptom severity and function subscales, was applied before and 3 months after CTR. The proximal and distal cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the median nerve were measured using US, and EDX was performed before and 3 months after CTR. RESULTS Patients had mean preoperative and postoperative VAS scores of 7.7 ± 1.2 and 1.7 ± 1.2, respectively. The mean preoperative and postoperative proximal CSA measurements were 16.4 ± 4.5 mm2 and 12.1 ± 3.9 mm2, respectively. The mean preoperative and postoperative distal CSA measurements were 13.6 ± 3.7 mm2 and 11.0 ± 3.1 mm2, respectively. A significant improvement was observed in VAS, BCTQ, and EDX 3 months after CTR. A weak, positive correlation was observed between the improvement in the BCTQ symptom severity and function subscales and CSAs following CTR. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that preoperative median nerve CSA values may be used in evaluating CTR outcomes. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Saglam
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cenk Turgut
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halil Sezgin Semis
- Private Erzurum Buhara Hospital, Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serdar Toy
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Basaksehir Pine and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Liawrungrueang W, Wongsiri S, Sarasombath P. Endoscopic carpal surgery in carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231177111. [PMID: 37324119 PMCID: PMC10262635 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231177111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Endoscopic carpal tunnel release has become increasingly popular and has shown the advantage of early recovery of hand function with minimal morbidity. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the currently available data and describe the reported advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery for treating carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods In this study, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, which is a set of reporting requirements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The search strategy with MeSH terms was "MeSH (carpal tunnel syndrome) AND (endoscopic)" Filters: in the last 5 years, English-on February 27th, 2022. A total of 131 articles fulfilled the first screening criteria. A detailed analysis of those articles identified 39 that matched the criteria, of which 14 were considered appropriate for this analysis after applying the complete inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results A total of 14 studies met the eligibility criteria. Analysis of those studies found that all types of portals in endoscopic carpal tunnel release reduced postoperative pain at a short-term follow-up. There was no evidence to suggest the superiority of the single- or two-portal techniques in terms of outcomes. In terms of pain relief, symptom resolution, patient satisfaction, duration to return to work, and adverse events, this early use of endoscopic carpal tunnel release produced satisfactory outcomes. Further studies comparing the number of portals are needed. Conclusion Endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery for treating carpal tunnel syndrome is effective and both single- and dual-portal techniques provide advantages in terms of early recovery and minimal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wongthawat Liawrungrueang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Division of Research, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Sunton Wongsiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Peem Sarasombath
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Holzapfel K, Ghosh T, Krischak S, Naumann M. Nerve Echogenicity: Changes in High-Resolution Nerve Ultrasound in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome after Surgery. Ultrasound Med Biol 2022; 48:223-227. [PMID: 34774356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our prospective study was to detect changes in nerve echogenicity of the median nerve before and after successful surgery in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) using high-resolution ultrasound. Fifteen patients with a definite diagnosis of CTS who underwent surgery were scanned by one examiner with high-resolution ultrasound, and images were analyzed by two blinded raters using ImageJ to assess the echogenicity of the median nerve (fraction of black) with a semiautomated thresholding technique before and 3 mo after surgery compared with 15 controls. In CTS patients, nerve echogenicity before surgery was significantly lower compared with that of controls (fraction of black: mean 63.9 vs. 44.6, p < 0.0001). Three months after surgery nerve echogenicity significantly increased (fraction of black was lower, mean 55.5; p < 0.0001) as a possible sign of reduction of intraneural edema, but did not reach the values of healthy controls. Semi-automated evaluation of the echogenicity of the median nerve may be used as a marker of successful carpal tunnel release. Further studies are warranted to detect how nerve echogenicity changes after unsuccessful carpal tunnel release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Holzapfel
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Tanupriya Ghosh
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Krischak
- Department of Surgery, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Markus Naumann
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Meyers A, Annunziata MJ, Rampazzo A, Bassiri Gharb B. A Systematic Review of the Outcomes of Carpal Ligament Release in Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. J Hand Surg Am 2022; 48:408.e1-408.e18. [PMID: 35058091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Indications for surgical treatment of severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are controversial. The aim of this study was to review the outcomes reported in the literature of carpal tunnel release in patients with severe CTS. METHODS A systematic review of the outcomes of carpal tunnel release in patients with severe CTS was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Outcome measures included change in symptoms, sensation (2-point discrimination, light touch), thenar atrophy, strength (power and pinch grip), electrophysiology, median nerve morphology, and patient-reported outcome measures. Outcomes are reported by ranges of the percentage of patients/hands improved in the included studies. RESULTS Thirty-eight papers were selected, representing 2,531 patients and 2,712 hands. Demographic information on age and sex were available for a total of 1,542 patients. Mean age ranged from 49.8 to 83 years and 72% were female. All studies that assessed patient-reported outcome measures before and after surgery reported significant improvements. Complete resolution of paresthesia occurred in 55%-98% of hands across different studies. Resolution of numbness occurred in between 39% and 94% of hands. Pain completely resolved in 64%-100% and weakness in 60%-75% of hands. Two-point discrimination and light touch improved postoperatively. Power grip, key, tripod, index-thumb pulp pinch, and thumb opposition increased. Motor and sensory amplitudes, distal motor latencies, and sensory conduction velocities improved. Patient-reported outcomes indicated symptomatic improvement and reduced disability. CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic improvement following carpal tunnel release in patients with severe CTS can occur. Patients should be counseled about the unpredictability of the outcomes and factors that might affect outcomes. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Meyers
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Suzuki H, Matsui Y, Iwai T, Nishida M, Iwasaki N. Usefulness of ultrasonography for diagnosing iatrogenic spinal accessory nerve palsy after lymph node needle biopsy: a case report. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:712. [PMID: 33129299 PMCID: PMC7603778 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) palsy is rare in clinical settings. Iatrogenicity is the most common cause, with cervical lymph node biopsy accounting for > 50% of cases. However, SAN palsy after lymph node needle biopsy is extremely rare, and the injury site is difficult to identify because of the tiny needle mark. Case presentation A 26-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with left neck pain and difficulty abducting and shrugging her left shoulder after left cervical lymph node needle biopsy. Five weeks earlier, a needle biopsy had been performed at the surgery clinic because of suspected histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. No trace of the needle biopsy site was found on the neck, but ultrasonography (US) showed SAN swelling within the posterior cervical triangle. At 3 months after the injury, her activities of daily living had not improved. Therefore, we decided to perform a surgical intervention after receiving informed consent. We performed neurolysis because the SAN was swollen in the area consistent with the US findings, and nerve continuity was preserved. Shoulder shrugging movement improved at 1 week postoperatively, and the trapezius muscle manual muscle testing score recovered to 5 at 1 year postoperatively. The swelling diameter on US gradually decreased from 1.8 mm preoperatively to 0.9 mm at 6 months. Conclusion We experienced a rare case in which US was useful for iatrogenic SAN palsy. Our results suggest that preoperative US is useful for localization of SAN palsy and that postoperative US for morphological evaluation of the SAN can help assess recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Matsui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan.
| | - Takahito Iwai
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine/Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Nishida
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine/Diagnostic Center for Sonography, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
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Li M, Jiang J, Zhou Q, Zhang C. Correction to: Sonographic follow-up after endoscopic carpal tunnel release for severe carpal tunnel syndrome: a one-year neuroanatomical prospective observational study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:562. [PMID: 32814551 PMCID: PMC7439534 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The First Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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Soubeyrand M, Melhem R, Protais M, Artuso M, Crézé M. Anatomy of the median nerve and its clinical applications. Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation 2020; 39:2-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2019.10.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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