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Maclaren AS, Locock L, Skea Z, Skåtun D, Wilson P. Rurality, healthcare and crises: Investigating experiences, differences, and changes to medical care for people living in rural areas. Health Place 2024; 87:103217. [PMID: 38493657 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Healthcare provision in rural areas is a global challenge, characterised by a dispersed patient population, difficulties in the recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals and a physical distance from hospital care. This research brings together both public and doctor perspectives to explore the experience of healthcare across rural Scotland, against the backdrop of contemporary crises, including a global pandemic and extreme weather events. We draw on two studies on rural healthcare provision to understand how healthcare services have been experienced, changed and might move on after periods of short- and longer-term change caused by such crises. We highlight the importance of communicating service changes to aid in setting healthcare expectations and advocate a mixed approach to the introduction of digital solutions to best balance access to services in rural areas with the challenges of digital connectivity and literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Maclaren
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK; Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK.
| | - Louise Locock
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Health Services Research Unit, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Zoë Skea
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Health Services Research Unit, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Diane Skåtun
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Health Economics Research Unit, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Philip Wilson
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Centre for Rural Health, Inverness, UK.
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Soma M, Scebold J, Vasa A, Fitzgerald TA, Tyner K, Lalam SK, Beach S, Ashraf MS. Resources needed by critical access hospitals to address identified infection prevention and control program gaps. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2024; 4:e34. [PMID: 38500715 PMCID: PMC10945943 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective The study examined resources needed by Infection Preventionists (IP) to address infection prevention and control (IPC) program gaps. Design A 49-question survey. Setting Licensed Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) in Federal Emergency Management Area (FEMA) Region VII. Participants IP at licensed CAHs. Methods The survey conducted between December 2020 and January 2021 consisted of questions focusing on four categories including IPC program infrastructure, competency-based training, audit and feedback, and identification of high-risk pathogens/serious communicable diseases (HRP/SCD). An IPC score was calculated for each facility by totaling "Yes" responses (which indicate best practices) to 49 main survey questions. Follow-up questions explored the resources needed by the CAHs to implement or further strengthen best practices and mitigate IPC practice gaps. Welch t-test was used to study differences in IPC practice scores between states. Results 50 of 259 (19.3%) CAHs participated in the survey with 37 (14.3%) answering all 49 questions. CAHs responding to all questions had a median IPC score of 35. There was no significant difference between IPC practice scores of CAHs in NE and IA. The top three IPC gaps were absence of drug diversion program (77%), lack of audits and feedback for insertion and maintenance of central venous catheters (76%), and missing laboratory risk assessments to identify tests that can be offered safely for patients under investigation for HRP/SCD (76%). Standardized audit tools, educational resources, and staff training materials were cited as much-needed resources. Conclusion IPC practice gaps exist in CAHs. Various resources are needed for gap mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounica Soma
- National Infection Control and Strengthening Collaborative, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Infection Control Assessment and Promotion Program, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jody Scebold
- National Infection Control and Strengthening Collaborative, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Infection Control Assessment and Promotion Program, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Angela Vasa
- National Infection Control and Strengthening Collaborative, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Teresa Ann Fitzgerald
- Nebraska Infection Control Assessment and Promotion Program, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kate Tyner
- National Infection Control and Strengthening Collaborative, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Infection Control Assessment and Promotion Program, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satya Kumar Lalam
- Biomedical Informatics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sue Beach
- National Infection Control and Strengthening Collaborative, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Muhammad Salman Ashraf
- National Infection Control and Strengthening Collaborative, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Infection Control Assessment and Promotion Program, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Program, Division of Public Health, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Rodríguez-del-Río FJ, Barroso P, Fernández-de-Mera IG, de la Fuente J, Gortázar C. COVID-19 epidemiology and rural healthcare: a survey in a Spanish village. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e188. [PMID: 37886846 PMCID: PMC10644065 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We used primary care data to retrospectively describe the entry, spread, and impact of COVID-19 in a remote rural community and the associated risk factors and challenges faced by the healthcare team. Generalized linear models were fitted to assess the relationship between age, sex, period, risk group status, symptom duration, post-COVID illness, and disease severity. Social network and cluster analyses were also used. The first six cases, including travel events and a social event in town, contributed to early infection spread. About 351 positive cases were recorded and 6% of patients experienced two COVID-19 episodes in the 2.5-year study period. Five space-time case clusters were identified. One case, linked with the social event, was particularly central in its contact network. The duration of disease symptoms was driven by gender, age, and risk factors. The probability of suffering severe disease increased with symptom duration and decreased over time. About 27% and 23% of individuals presented with residual symptoms and post-COVID illness, respectively. The probability of developing a post-COVID illness increased with age and the duration of COVID-associated symptoms. Carefully registered primary care data may help optimize infection prevention and control efforts and upscale local healthcare capacities in vulnerable rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Barroso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabel G. Fernández-de-Mera
- Health and Biotechnology Research Group, SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- Health and Biotechnology Research Group, SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Health and Biotechnology Research Group, SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM & CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
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Al-Bataineh RT, Al-Hammouri MM, Al-Jaraideh WK. Perspective of healthcare providers on assessing the quality and accessibility of health services for chronic diseases in Jordan during Covid-19: a mixed method study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:895. [PMID: 37612605 PMCID: PMC10464245 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital services in all parts of the world were severely affected by the crisis caused by the Coronavirus pandemic. This was particularly concerning for patients who suffer from chronic diseases. AIM This study aimed to: assess the level of quality and accessibility of chronic disease services from the perspectives of healthcare providers, assess the association between healthcare providers' socio-demographic factors and their perspectives on accessibility and quality level, and explore the providers' perspectives on the barriers and facilitators of quality and accessibility to chronic disease health services during the COVID -19 pandemic. METHOD Design: An explanatory mixed method design was employed in this study using a questionnaire and focus group discussion approach. The questionnaire consisted of three sections including, demographic, accessibility, and quality. SAMPLE A convenience sampling approach was used to collect the quantitative from 412 healthcare providers working at public, private, and teaching hospitals. A purposive sample of 12 healthcare providers were interviewed to collect the qualitative data. ANALYSIS The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Version 25. The qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. RESULTS This study found that the quality and accessibility of chronic disease services in northern Jordan were affected during COVID-19. Quantitative: The majority of the participants reported moderate level of accessibility and quality. Qualitative: Four main and six subthemes were identified: 1) Accessibility barriers including transportation and fear of infection; 2) Accessibility facilitators including availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Covid-19 vaccination; 3) Quality barriers including staff shortage; 4) Quality facilitators including safety protocol. CONCLUSION The quality and accessibility of chronic disease services were affected due to the healthcare system restating to address the Covid-19 pandemic. Different barriers and facilitators for chronic disease healthcare services accessibility and quality were identified. The findings of this study lay the ground for healthcare decision and policymakers to develop strategies and formulate polices to ensure these patients receive the needed healthcare services, and hence improve their health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya T Al-Bataineh
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Mohammed M Al-Hammouri
- Department of Community and Mental Health, College of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wafa'a K Al-Jaraideh
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Gottschalk M, Milch PM, Albert C, Werwick K, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Stieger P. Medical education during the Covid-19 pandemic long-term experiences of German clinical medical students. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286642. [PMID: 37279236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the accompanying hygiene regulations, medical students in Germany faced multiple educational and personal challenges. The challenges included the cancellation and digitalisation of courses, the closing of university institutions such as libraries, a decrease in social contacts, and the risk of a Covid-19 infection. The aim of this study was to understand medical students' pandemic experiences as well as the consequences of these experiences for the students' future work as physicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed 15 guided, one-on-one interviews with clinical medical students (third to fifth year) at the Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and anonymised. We performed a qualitative content analysis in accordance with Mayring and thereby formed an inductive category system. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) were applied. RESULTS Five categories were inductively formed: "Changes in the teaching experience", "negative effects on the learning experience", "decrease in personal social contacts", "contact with covid-19", and "pandemic-associated stress increase". The participating students reported higher levels of stress due to isolation and uncertainty regarding their educational future. Furthermore, students welcomed the digitalisation of lectures, developed individual coping strategies, and voluntarily took part in the care of Covid-19 patients. Limitations to social interactions were perceived as the major restrictive factor to their educational structure, their perceived learning success and personal development. CONCLUSION This study identified social restrictions as well as didactic and academic structural challenges as relevant factors contributing to perceived stress and fear for medical students during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially as regards their learning experience. Students' acceptance of digitalised learning may enable regular interaction with university peers and may facilitate a structured educational life. However, the implementation of digital resources could not provide a sufficient substitute for in-person courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gottschalk
- University Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medicine Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pascal M Milch
- University Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medicine Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Albert
- University Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medicine Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinic for Nephrology, Central Clinic Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Katrin Werwick
- Deans Office of Student Affairs, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ruediger C Braun-Dullaeus
- University Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medicine Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stieger
- University Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medicine Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Mogwitz S, Albus C, Beschoner P, Erim Y, Geiser F, Jerg-Bretzke L, Morawa E, Steudte-Schmiedgen S, Wintermann GB, Weidner K. Mental distress of physicians in the outpatient care throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: emotional and supportive human relations matter - Cross-sectional results of the VOICE-study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:481. [PMID: 37173735 PMCID: PMC10180613 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the course of self-reported mental distress and quality of life (QoL) of physicians, working in the outpatient care (POC). Outcomes were compared with a control group of physicians working in the inpatient care (PIC), throughout the Corona Virus Disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. The impact of risk and protective factors in terms of emotional and supportive human relations on mental distress and perceived QoL of POC were of primary interest. METHODS Within the largest prospective, multi-center survey on mental health of health care workers (HCW), conducted during the first (T1) and second (T2) wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, we investigated the course of current burden (CB), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2) and QoL, cross-sectionally, in n = 848 POC (T1: n = 536, T2: n = 312). The primary outcomes were compared with an age- and gender-matchted control group of n = 458 PIC (T1: n = 262, T2: n = 196). COVID-19-, work-related, social risk and protective factors were examined. RESULTS At T1, POC showed no significant differences with respect to CB, depression, anxiety, and QoL, after Bonferroni correction. Whereas at T2, POC exhibited higher scores of CB (Cohen´s d/ Cd = .934, p < .001), depression (Cd = 1.648, p < 001), anxiety (Cd = 1.745, p < .001), work-family conflict (Cd = 4.170, p < .001) and lower QoL (Cd = .891, p = .002) compared with PIC. Nearly all assessed parameters of burden increased from T1 to T2 within the cohort of POC (e.g. depression: CD = 1.580, p < .001). Risk factors for mental distress of POC throughout the pandemic were: increased work-family conflict (CB: ß = .254, p < .001, 95% CI: .23, .28; PHQ-2: ß = .139, p = .011, 95% CI: .09, .19; GAD-2: ß = .207, p < .001, 95% CI: .16, .26), worrying about the patients´ security (CB: ß = .144, p = .007, 95% CI: .07, .22; PHQ-2: ß = .150, p = .006, 95% CI: .00, .30), fear of triage situations (GAD-2: ß = .132, p = .010, 95% CI: -.04, .31) and burden through restricted social contact in spare time (CB: ß = .146, p = .003, 95% CI: .07, .22; PHQ-2: ß = .187, p < .001, 95% CI: .03, .34; GAD-2: ß = .156, p = .003, 95% CI: -.01, .32). Protective factors for mental distress and QoL were the perceived protection by local authorities (CB: ß = -.302, p < .001, 95% CI: -.39, -.22; PHQ-2: ß = -.190, p < . 001, 95% CI: -.36, -.02; GAD-2: ß = -.211, p < .001, 95% CI: -.40, -.03; QoL: ß = .273, p < .001, 95% CI: .18, .36), trust in colleagues (PHQ-2: ß = -.181, p < .001, 95% CI: -.34, -.02; GAD-2: ß = -.199, p < .001, 95% CI: -.37, -.02; QoL: ß = .124, p = .017, 95% CI: .04, .21) and social support (PHQ-2: ß = -.180, p < .001, 95% CI: -.22, -.14; GAD-2: ß = -.127, p = .014, 95% CI: -.17, -.08; QoL: ß = .211, p < .001, 95% CI: .19, .23). CONCLUSIONS During the pandemic, the protective role of emotional and supportive human relations on the mental distress and quality of life of POC should be taken into account more thoroughly, both in practice and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mogwitz
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christian Albus
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 2, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Geiser
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Clinic of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 2, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gloria-Beatrice Wintermann
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Petrazzuoli F, Collins C, Van Poel E, Tatsioni A, Streit S, Bojaj G, Asenova R, Hoffmann K, Gabrani J, Klemenc-Ketis Z, Rochfort A, Adler L, Windak A, Nessler K, Willems S. Differences between Rural and Urban Practices in the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Outcomes from the PRICOV-19 Study in 38 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3674. [PMID: 36834369 PMCID: PMC9958860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the differences between rural and urban practices in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing aspects such as management of patient flow, infection prevention and control, information processing, communication and collaboration. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected through the online PRICOV-19 questionnaire sent to general practices in 38 countries. Rural practices in our sample were smaller than urban-based practices. They reported an above-average number of old and multimorbid patients and a below-average number of patients with a migrant background or financial problems. Rural practices were less likely to provide leaflets and information, but were more likely to have ceased using the waiting room or to have made structural changes to their waiting room and to have changed their prescribing practices in terms of patients attending the practices. They were less likely to perform video consultations or use electronic prescription methods. Our findings show the existence of certain issues that could impact patient safety in rural areas more than in urban areas due to the underlying differences in population profile and supports. These could be used to plan the organization of care for similar future pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Petrazzuoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claire Collins
- Research Centre, Irish College of General Practitioners, D02 XR68 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Van Poel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Athina Tatsioni
- Research Unit for General Medicine and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sven Streit
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gazmend Bojaj
- Department of Management of Health Services and Institution, Heimerer College, 1000 Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Radost Asenova
- Department of Urology and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Plovdiv, 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kathryn Hoffmann
- Department of Social- and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonila Gabrani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zalika Klemenc-Ketis
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Tabroska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Poljanski Nasip 58, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Ljubljana Community Health Centre, Metelkova 9, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrée Rochfort
- Research Centre, Irish College of General Practitioners, D02 XR68 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Limor Adler
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
| | - Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-061 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nessler
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-061 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sara Willems
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Kim Y, Shin JM, Yoo SH, Keam B. Challenges in Care for Non-COVID-19 Patients with Severe Chronic Illnesses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Providers Working around Acute Care Hospitals in South Korea. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040611. [PMID: 36833145 PMCID: PMC9957023 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 epidemic has afflicted patients with severe chronic illnesses who need continuous care between home and hospitals. This qualitative study examines the experiences and challenges of healthcare providers around acute care hospitals who have cared for patients with severe chronic illness in non-COVID-19 situations during the pandemic. METHODS Eight healthcare providers, who work in various healthcare settings around acute care hospitals and frequently care for non-COVID-19 patients with severe chronic illnesses, were recruited using purposive sampling from September to October 2021 in South Korea. The interviews were subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS Four overarching themes were identified: (1) deterioration in the quality of care at various settings; (2) new emerging systemic problems; (3) healthcare providers holding on but reaching their limit; and (4) a decline in the quality of life of patients at the end of their lives, and their caregivers. CONCLUSION Healthcare providers of non-COVID-19 patients with severe chronic illnesses reported that the quality of care was declining due to the structural problems of the healthcare system and policies centered solely on the prevention and control of COVID-19. Systematic solutions are needed for appropriate and seamless care for non-infected patients with severe chronic illness in the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- Center for Palliative Care and Clinical Ethics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Shin
- Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hye Yoo
- Center for Palliative Care and Clinical Ethics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.Y.); (B.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2072-1589 (S.H.Y.); +82-2-2072-7215 (B.K.); Fax: +82-2-2072-0754 (S.H.Y.); +82-2-2072-7379 (B.K.)
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.Y.); (B.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2072-1589 (S.H.Y.); +82-2-2072-7215 (B.K.); Fax: +82-2-2072-0754 (S.H.Y.); +82-2-2072-7379 (B.K.)
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COVID-19 Continues to Burden General Practitioners: Impact on Workload, Provision of Care, and Intention to Leave. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030320. [PMID: 36766895 PMCID: PMC9914234 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
General practitioners (GPs), already in a profession with a high workload, have been at the frontline of providing COVID-19-related healthcare in addition to routine care. Our study examined the impact of pandemic-related consultations and changes in practice organization on GPs' current workload and provision of healthcare in summer 2021 (May 2021-July 2021) and early 2022 (January 2022-February 2022). In total, 143 German GPs participated in an online survey in the summer of 2021. Of these, 51 GPs participated in the follow-up survey in 2022. Most GPs perceived an increase in consultation frequency, consultation times, and workload since the pandemic outbreak. Increased consultation times were related to the reduced provision of medical care to other patients with chronic diseases. More SARS-CoV-2 vaccination consultations were associated with reduced home visits, acute consultation times, and cancer screenings. A quarter of GPs considered leaving their job. Pandemic-related bureaucracy, restricted access to therapy and rehabilitation services specialized on COVID-19, unreliable vaccine deliveries, mandatory telematics-infrastructure implementation, and frequent changes in official regulations were the main reasons reported for dissatisfaction. Our results provide insights into how the pandemic continues to burden GPs' work routines and how better working conditions in times of high demand could be achieved in future pandemics.
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von Sommoggy J, Grepmeier EM, Apfelbacher C, Brandstetter S, Curbach J. Pediatricians' experiences of managing outpatient care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in Germany. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1127238. [PMID: 37138578 PMCID: PMC10150929 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1127238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatricians are important sources of information for parents regarding their children's health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatricians faced a variety of challenges regarding information uptake and transfer to patients, practice organization and consultations for families. This qualitative study aimed at shedding light on German pediatricians' experiences of providing outpatient care during the first year of the pandemic. Methods We conducted 19 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with pediatricians in Germany from July 2020 to February 2021. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, pseudonymized, coded, and subjected to content analysis. Results Pediatricians felt able to keep up to date regarding COVID-19 regulations. However, staying informed was time consuming and onerous. Informing the patients was perceived as strenuous, especially when political decisions had not been officially communicated to pediatricians or if the recommendations were not supported by the professional judgment of the interviewees. Some felt that they were not taken seriously or adequately involved in political decisions. Parents were reported to consider pediatric practices as sources of information also for non-medical inquiries. Answering these questions was time consuming for the practice personnel and involved non-billable hours. Practices had to adapt their set-up and organization immediately to the new circumstances of the pandemic, which proved costly and laborious as well. Some changes in the organization of routine care, such as the separation of appointments for patients with acute infection from preventive appointments, were perceived as positive and effective by some study participants. Telephone and online consultations were established at the beginning of the pandemic and considered helpful for some situations, whereas for others these methods were deemed insufficient (e.g. for examinations of sick children). All pediatricians reported reduced utilization mainly due to a decline in acute infections. However, preventive medical check-ups and immunization appointments were reported to be mostly attended. Conclusion Positive experiences of reorganizing pediatric practice should be disseminated as "best practices" in order to improve future pediatric health services. Further research could show how some of these positive experiences in reorganizing care during the pandemic are to be maintained by pediatricians in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Sommoggy
- Medical Sociology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: Julia von Sommoggy
| | - Eva-Maria Grepmeier
- Medical Sociology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
- Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susanne Brandstetter
- University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), University of Regensburg, Klinik St. Hedwig, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Janina Curbach
- Medical Sociology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Business Studies, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Heltveit-Olsen SR, Lunde L, Brænd AM, Spehar I, Høye S, Skoglund I, Sundvall PD, Fossum GH, Straand J, Risør MB. Experiences and management strategies of Norwegian GPs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal interview study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2022; 41:2-12. [PMID: 36350846 PMCID: PMC10088916 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2022.2142796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When the COVID-19 pandemic reached Norway, primary health care had to reorganize to ensure safe patient treatment and maintain infection control. General practitioners (GPs) are key health care providers in the municipalities. Our aim was to explore the experiences and management strategies of Norwegian GPs during the COVID-19 pandemic - over time, and in the context of a sudden organizational change. DESIGN Longitudinal qualitative interview study with two interview rounds. The first round of interviews was conducted from September-December 2020, the second round from January-April 2021. In the first interview round, we performed eight semi-structured interviews with GPs from eight municipalities in Norway. In the second round, five of the GPs were re-interviewed. Consecutive interviews were performed 2-4 months apart. To analyze the data, we used thematic analysis. RESULTS The COVID-19 pandemic required GPs to balance several concerns, such as continuity of care and their own professional efforts. Several GPs experienced challenges in the collaboration with the municipality and in relation to defining their own professional position. Guided by The Norwegian Association of General practitioners, The Norwegian College of General Practice and collegial support, they found viable solutions and ended up with a feeling of having adapted to a new normal. CONCLUSIONS Although our study demonstrates that the GPs adapted to the changing conditions, the current municipal health care models are not ideal. There is a need for clarification of responsibilities between GPs and the municipality to facilitate a more coordinated future pandemic response.Key PointsFacing the COVID-19 pandemic, the primary health care service in Norway had to reorganize to ensure safe patient treatment and maintain infection control.Several GPs experienced challenges in collaboration with the municipalities.There is a need for clarification of responsibilities between GPs and the municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Rebekka Heltveit-Olsen
- The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Lunde
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Maria Brænd
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivan Spehar
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigurd Høye
- The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingmarie Skoglund
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development and Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Pär-Daniel Sundvall
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development and Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Guro Haugen Fossum
- The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørund Straand
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Bech Risør
- The Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The General Practice Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Deo A, Mohammadnezhad M. Frontline Health Care Workers' (HCWs) perception of barriers to managing COVID-19 in Fiji. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877624. [PMID: 36106160 PMCID: PMC9464971 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Health Care Workers (HCWs) are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection with their efforts while protecting the greater community and also exposed to hazards, such as psychological distress, fatigue, and stigma. This study aimed to explore the perception of frontline HCWs on barriers of managing COVID-19 in Fiji. Methods A qualitative study method was approached to conduct this study among the HCWs who worked on the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic based at ten purposively selected health facilities in the Suva subdivision in the Central Division of Fiji. The Colonial War Memorial Hospital (CWMH), the Fiji Centre for Communicable Diseases (Fiji CDC), Twomey hospital laboratory, and CWMH laboratory did the main control and most of the operations of other divisions were monitored from these settings. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data using in-depth interviews. The participants' responses were audio-recorded and were later transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results A total of twenty-nine HCWs took part in the in-depth interview and the responses were grouped into four themes, which include: workload, poor communication, lack of resources, and hindrance to education. It was also found through this study that some of the HCWs felt tired, frustrated, got rude to patients, and found it difficult to handle situations, which affected them mentally and physically stressed. Conclusion Managing the COVID-19 cases has been attributed to the presence of many barriers, such as workload, tiredness, frustration, and sometimes difficult-to-handle situations, and the HCWs were indeed affected mentally and physically. Regular training for HCWs and more awareness programs would help the general public to follow the preventive measures, which reduces the cases and would help the HCWs manage COVID-19 well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Deo
- Research Office, Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Masoud Mohammadnezhad
- Faculty of Health Studies, School of Nursing and Healthcare Leadership, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Masoud Mohammadnezhad
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13
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Herrler A, Valerius L, Barbe AG, Vennedey V, Stock S. Providing ambulatory healthcare for people aged 80 and over: Views and perspectives of physicians and dentists from a qualitative survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272866. [PMID: 35969628 PMCID: PMC9377615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People aged 80 and over frequently face complex chronic conditions and health limitations, including oral health problems, which are primarily addressed by ambulatory (i.e., outpatient) healthcare. This demographic development is expected to affect the provision of care. However, few studies have investigated physicians’ and dentists’ views across the various medical disciplines in non-institutional settings. This study investigated how healthcare providers perceive caring for very old people, and how they feel healthcare should be designed for this patient group. Methods A qualitative online survey comprising nine open-ended items was conducted among physicians and dentists practicing in the ambulatory healthcare sector in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Apart from child and adolescent healthcare, no medical specialties were excluded. The results were analysed using Kuckartz’ approach of structuring qualitative content analysis. A descriptive codebook was developed first. After coding all the material, recurring patterns between the topics were investigated and compared between two groups of participants, physicians and dentists. Results N = 77 cases were included in the analysis, from which n = 21 originated from the field of ambulatory general practice care and internal medicine, n = 19 from specialties (e.g., neurology, urology), and n = 37 from dentistry. Caring for patients aged 80 and over was perceived as challenging because of complex health conditions and treatments such as multimorbidity and polypharmacy, and patients’ cognitive and physical limitations. In characterizing good care in older age, both groups found individual care important, as well as empathetic interactions and good collaboration in networks of healthcare providers. Inadequate reimbursement and limited resources and time were the most important barriers to providing good care, while one of the most important facilitators was healthcare providers’ attitude and motivation. Conclusions Physicians’ and dentists’ conceptions of good healthcare are in line with the conceptualization of patient-centred care. However, the transfer in everyday care delivery is hampered by the current design of healthcare structures. Healthcare providers feel overstrained by the increasing demands placed on them. Adaptations for improvement should focus on building strong networks of cooperating health professions, especially including dental care, and local social support structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Herrler
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School GROW–Gerontological Research on Well-being, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa Valerius
- Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, Graduate School GROW–Gerontological Research on Well-being, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Greta Barbe
- Centre of Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Vennedey
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stock
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Badura-Brzoza K, Dębski P, Główczyński P, Dębska-Janus M, Gorczyca P. Life Satisfaction and Perceived Stress versus Health Promoting Behavior among Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116706. [PMID: 35682290 PMCID: PMC9180281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate health-promoting behaviors as a factor supporting life satisfaction and a protective factor against stress in a group of Polish medical students during the third wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. MATERIAL The study was conducted in October-December 2021. There were 306 people, including 203 students in the 1st year of medicine, aged 20.42 ± 1.92 years, and 103 students in the 5th year of medicine, aged 24.88 ± 1.7 years. METHODS The following were used: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The survey was conducted online. RESULTS In the study group, the average result of 23.66 ± 5.97 was obtained in the life satisfaction questionnaire. In the overall assessment of health behaviors (IZZ), an average score of 80.06 ± 13.81 points was obtained. In the PSS-10 questionnaire, the respondents obtained an average of 21.10 ± 5.89 points. There were significant, negative correlations between the results obtained in the health behavior inventory with the results obtained in the stress scale and positive correlations with the results obtained in the life satisfaction scale. Moreover, in the assessment of the influence of prohealth behavior parameters on perceived stress and life satisfaction, a positive effect of PMA on life satisfaction was demonstrated, as well as a protective effect of Positive Mental Attitude (PMA) and Prohealth Activities (PhA) in relation to stress. CONCLUSIONS Life in the period of the third wave of the pandemic was assessed by medical students as moderately satisfactory. Significant intensity of stress negatively correlated with life satisfaction. Health-promoting behaviors, and especially positive mental attitudes, seem to play a protective role in stressful situations and improve life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Badura-Brzoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 42-612 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland; (P.D.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.B.-B.); (P.G.)
| | - Paweł Dębski
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 42-612 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland; (P.D.); (P.G.)
| | - Patryk Główczyński
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 42-612 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland; (P.D.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.B.-B.); (P.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Dębska-Janus
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Piotr Gorczyca
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 42-612 Tarnowskie Gory, Poland; (P.D.); (P.G.)
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15
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von Humboldt S, Low G, Leal I. Health Service Accessibility, Mental Health, and Changes in Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074277. [PMID: 35409957 PMCID: PMC8999009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the access of older adults to health services. The two objectives of this study are understanding the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults’ access to health services and exploring how health service accessibility during the pandemic influenced older adults’ mental health and self-reported changes in behavior. This study included 346 older adults. Content analysis produced five themes: (1) decreased physical accessibility to health care providers (78%); (2) increased use of online health services and other virtual health care (69%); (3) growth in the online prescription of medication (67%); (4) difficulty obtaining information and accessing non-communicable disease and mental health indicators (65%); and (5) postponement of medical specialist consultations (51%). Regarding mental health, three themes emerged: (1) increased symptoms of anxiety, distress, and depression (89%); (2) the experience of traumatic situations (61%); and (3) the augmented use of alcohol or drugs (56%). Finally, the following changes in behavior were indicated: (1) frustrated behavior (92%); (2) emotional explosions (79%); and (3) changes in sleeping and eating behaviors (43%). Access to health services may have influenced the mental health and behavior of older adults, hence interventions in a pandemic must address their interactions with health services, their needs, and their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia von Humboldt
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-218-811-700; Fax: +351-218-860-954
| | - Gail Low
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Isabel Leal
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal;
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