|
1
|
Truyen LH, Flores RS, de Oliveira Santana W, Abreu MB, Brambatti G, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) serological and molecular patterns in dogs with viral gastroenteritis from southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01290-5. [PMID: 38407780 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that can cause severe systemic disease with gastroenteric symptoms in dogs, particularly in young puppies. Originating from the feline parvovirus in the late 1970s, it swiftly propagated globally, instigating a pandemic in dogs. Despite vaccination advancements, CPV-2 remains a substantial challenge for veterinary professionals and pet owners. This study aimed to contribute knowledge about the current situation of CPV-2 among dogs in southern Brazil. In this study, the sera of 125 dogs (mostly with gastroenteritis symptoms) were screened for antibodies against CPV-2 and their faeces for the virus itself. The results showed that 40% (50/125) of dogs were infected with CPV-2. Most animals (65.5%) had previously been exposed to CPV-2 (with serotitres equal or above 1:40), and only 37.6% had protective antibody titres equal or above 1:80. The findings have also demonstrated that vaccination against CPV-2 significantly reduced the risk of infection, with positive cases decreasing from 56.9% (unvaccinated) to 2.0% (fully vaccinated). Furthermore, the prevalence of CPV-2 decreased as dogs aged, with younger dogs and those with an incomplete or non-existent vaccination history at the highest risk of infection. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the prevalence and risk factors associated with CPV-2 infection in dogs in southern Brazil, thereby providing valuable knowledge for the improvement of veterinary care and pet health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Sartori Flores
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Weslei de Oliveira Santana
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Muriel Becker Abreu
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brambatti
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
te Kamp V, Friedrichs V, Freuling CM, Vos A, Potratz M, Klein A, Zaeck LM, Eggerbauer E, Schuster P, Kaiser C, Ortmann S, Kretzschmar A, Bobe K, Knittler MR, Dorhoi A, Finke S, Müller T. Comparable Long-Term Rabies Immunity in Foxes after IntraMuscular and Oral Application Using a Third-Generation Oral Rabies Virus Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010049. [PMID: 33466701 PMCID: PMC7828770 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The live genetically-engineered oral rabies virus (RABV) variant SPBN GASGAS induces long-lasting immunity in foxes and protection against challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of RABV field strains both after experimental oral and parenteral routes of administration. Induction of RABV-specific binding antibodies and immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2) were comparable in orally and parenterally vaccinated foxes. Differences were only observed in the induction of virus-neutralizing (VNA) titers, which were significantly higher in the parenterally vaccinated group. The dynamics of rabies-specific antibodies pre- and post-challenge (365 days post vaccination) suggest the predominance of type-1 immunity protection of SPBN GASGAS. Independent of the route of administration, in the absence of IgG1 the immune response to SPBN GAGAS was mainly IgG2 driven. Interestingly, vaccination with SPBN GASGAS does not cause significant differences in inducible IFN-γ production in vaccinated animals, indicating a relatively weak cellular immune response during challenge. Notably, the parenteral application of SPBN GASGAS did not induce any adverse side effects in foxes, thus supporting safety studies of this oral rabies vaccine in various species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena te Kamp
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.t.K.); (C.M.F.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (L.M.Z.); (E.E.); (S.F.)
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Virginia Friedrichs
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.F.); (M.R.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Conrad M. Freuling
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.t.K.); (C.M.F.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (L.M.Z.); (E.E.); (S.F.)
| | - Ad Vos
- Ceva Innovation Center, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany; (A.V.); (P.S.); (C.K.); (S.O.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Madlin Potratz
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.t.K.); (C.M.F.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (L.M.Z.); (E.E.); (S.F.)
| | - Antonia Klein
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.t.K.); (C.M.F.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (L.M.Z.); (E.E.); (S.F.)
| | - Luca M. Zaeck
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.t.K.); (C.M.F.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (L.M.Z.); (E.E.); (S.F.)
| | - Elisa Eggerbauer
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.t.K.); (C.M.F.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (L.M.Z.); (E.E.); (S.F.)
- Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Peter Schuster
- Ceva Innovation Center, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany; (A.V.); (P.S.); (C.K.); (S.O.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Christian Kaiser
- Ceva Innovation Center, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany; (A.V.); (P.S.); (C.K.); (S.O.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Steffen Ortmann
- Ceva Innovation Center, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany; (A.V.); (P.S.); (C.K.); (S.O.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Antje Kretzschmar
- Ceva Innovation Center, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany; (A.V.); (P.S.); (C.K.); (S.O.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Katharina Bobe
- Ceva Innovation Center, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany; (A.V.); (P.S.); (C.K.); (S.O.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Michael R. Knittler
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.F.); (M.R.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.F.); (M.R.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Stefan Finke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.t.K.); (C.M.F.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (L.M.Z.); (E.E.); (S.F.)
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (V.t.K.); (C.M.F.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (L.M.Z.); (E.E.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-71659
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Decaro N, Buonavoglia C, Barrs VR. Canine parvovirus vaccination and immunisation failures: Are we far from disease eradication? Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108760. [PMID: 32768213 PMCID: PMC7295477 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive vaccination, canine parvovirus (CPV) still represents one of the major causes of pups’ mortality. CPV immunisation failures occur frequently and recognize different reasons. Interference by maternally-derived antibodies is the main cause of CPV immunisation failures. Eradication of CPV infection is a challenge for the future, but it will not be achieved in a short time
Despite extensive vaccination, canine parvovirus (CPV) remains a leading infectious cause of canine mortality, especially among juveniles. This review provides an update on CPV vaccine types and vaccination protocols. The design of CPV prevention strategies and vaccination programs with a goal of herd immunity has been hampered by deficiencies of studies that model companion animal viral infections and inform an understanding of the basic reproduction number. However, the most important issue in eradication of CPV disease is represented by immunisation failures including: i) the presence of interfering titres of maternally-derived antibodies; ii) the presence of non-responders; and iii) possible reversion to virulence. In contrast, the role of the CPV variants in immunisation failures is widely debated. Taking into account the reduced circulation of canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 1 in countries where extensive vaccination is carried out, more effort should be made to aim for CPV eradication, including antibody testing to determine the optimal time for vaccinations of pups and adults and homogeneous vaccine coverage of dog population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy.
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - V R Barrs
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Infectious Diseases & Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|