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Vijh RK, Sharma U, Arora R, Kapoor P, Raheja M, Sharma R, Ahlawat S, Dureja V. Development and validation of the Axiom-MaruPri SNP chip for genetic analyses of domesticated old world camelids. Gene 2024; 921:148541. [PMID: 38723784 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Camels play a crucial socio-economic role in sustaining the livelihoods of millions in arid and semi-arid regions. They possess remarkable physiological attributes which enable them to thrive in extreme environments, and provide a source of meat, milk and transportation. With their unique traits, camels embody an irreplaceable source of untapped genomic knowledge. This study introduces Axiom-MaruPri, a medium-density SNP chip meticulously designed and validated for both Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius. Comprising of 182,122 SNP markers, derived from the re-sequenced data of nine Indian dromedary breeds and the double-humped Bactrian camel, this SNP chip offers 34,894 markers that display polymorphism in both species. It achieves an estimated inter-marker distance of 14 Kb, significantly enhancing the coverage of the camel genome. The medium-density chip has been successfully genotyped using 480 camel samples, achieving an impressive 99 % call rate, with 96 % of the 182,122 SNPs being highly reliable for genotyping. Phylogenetic analysis and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components yield clear distinctions between Bactrian camels and dromedaries. Moreover, the discriminant functions substantially enhance the classification of dromedary camels into different breeds. The clustering of various camel breeds reveals an apparent correlation between geographical and genetic distances. The results affirm the efficacy of this SNP array, demonstrating high genotyping precision and clear differentiation between Bactrian and dromedary camels. With an enhanced genome coverage, accuracy and economic efficiency the Axiom_MaruPri SNP chip is poised to advance genomic breeding research in camels. It holds the potential to serve as an invaluable genetic resource for investigating population structure, genome-wide association studies and implementing genomic selection in domesticated camelid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Vijh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Upasna Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Reena Arora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Prerna Kapoor
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Meenal Raheja
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Rekha Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Sonika Ahlawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Vandana Dureja
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
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Martín-Barrasa JL, Tejedor-Junco MT, Cabrera S, Morales M, Melián A, Corbera JA. Haematological and biochemical blood reference values for Canary Island camels ( Camelus dromedarius), an endangered dromedary species. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103677. [PMID: 37213697 PMCID: PMC10196958 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop reference values for haematological and biochemical variables in the Canary camel breed (Camelus dromedarius). 114 clinically healthy dromedary camels were assessed. Age, sex, and pregnancy status was also recorded. The reference range for red blood cells (RBCs) was 8.45 - 13.65 X106/µL, haemoglobin (HGB) was 10.61 - 15.29 g/dL, packed cell volume (PCV) was 19.93 - 32.51 %, and white blood cells (WBCs) 7.35 - 18.36 X103/µL. A correlation was established between the haemoglobin concentration (HGB) (g/dl) and packed cell volume (PCV) obtaining a linear regression (HGB = 0.31 PCV + 4.67). Young animals had higher RBC and WBC values than adult animals. Additionally, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), phosphorus, calcium, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and lipase were higher in young animals compared with adults. Female dromedary camels showed higher values for the three main variables: RBC, HGB and PCV, but no differences between sexes were detected in the biochemical variables results. The WBC count was higher in non-pregnant females than in pregnant animals. These results provide references values for the Canary camel breed and may contribute to the understanding of differences in 18 haematological and biochemical parameters in dromedary camels with a potential impact in health and welfare for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Martín-Barrasa
- Research Unit of the Hospital Universitario of Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), C. Pl. Barranco de la Ballena, s/n, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Group IUSA-ONE HEALTH 2. Sanidad Animal de la Acuicultura, y Especies Silvestres, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Seguridad Alimentaria. University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Campus Universitario de Arucas, 35413 – Las Palmas, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe “Físico”, 17, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - Soraya Cabrera
- Oasis Wildlife Park Fuerteventura, Museo del Campo Majorero, Ctra. General de Tarajalejo, S/N, 35628 – La Lajita, Pájara, Fuerteventura, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (HCV-ULPGC). Campus Universitario de Arucas, 35413 – Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Adrián Melián
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe “Físico”, 17, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Corbera
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe “Físico”, 17, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (HCV-ULPGC). Campus Universitario de Arucas, 35413 – Las Palmas, Spain
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Abstract
Camels are domesticated animals that are highly adapted to the extreme desert ecosystem with relatively higher resistance to a wide range of pathogens compared to many other species from the same geographical region. Recently, there has been increased interest in the field of camel immunology. As the progress in the analysis of camel immunoglobulins has previously been covered in many recent reviews, this review intends to summarize published findings related to camel cellular immunology with a focus on the phenotype and functionality of camel leukocyte subpopulations. The review also describes the impact of different physiological (age and pregnancy) and pathological (e.g. infection) conditions on camel immune cells. Despite the progress achieved in the field of camel immunology, there are gaps in our complete understanding of the camel immune system. Questions remain regarding innate recognition mechanisms, the functional characterization of antigen-presenting cells, and the characterization of camel NK and cytotoxic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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