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Yuan Y, Liu S, Yang H, Xu J, Zhai J, Jiang H, Sun B. Acetylshikonin induces apoptosis through the endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated PERK/eIF 2α /CHOP axis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18030. [PMID: 37929884 PMCID: PMC10807581 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylshikonin (AS) is an active component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc that exhibits activity against various cancers; however, the underlying mechanisms of AS against oesophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) need to be elusive. The research explores the anti-cancer role and potential mechanism of AS on ESCC in vitro and in vivo, providing evidences for AS treatment against ESCC. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that AS treatment effectively inhibits cell viability and proliferation of ESCC cells. In addition, AS significantly induces G1/S phage arrest and promotes apoptosis in ESCC cell lines. Further studies reveal that AS induces ER stress, as observed by dose- and time-dependently increased expression of BIP, PDI, PERK, phosphorylation of eIF2α , CHOP and splicing of XBP1. CHOP knockdown or PERK inhibition markedly rescue cell apoptosis induced by AS. Moreover, AS treatment significantly inhibits ESCC xenograft growth in nude mice. Elevated expression of BIP and CHOP is also observed in xenograft tumours. Taken together, AS inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis through ER stress-activated PERK/eIF2α /CHOP pathway in ESCC, which indicates AS represents a promising candidate for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Jiao Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Clinical and Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University & Shandong academy of medical sciencesJinanChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryQingdao Jimo People's HospitalQingdaoChina
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Clinical and Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University & Shandong academy of medical sciencesJinanChina
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryTaian Central HospitalChina
| | - Jian‐Ling Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Clinical and Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University & Shandong academy of medical sciencesJinanChina
| | - Jing Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Clinical and Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University & Shandong academy of medical sciencesJinanChina
| | - Han‐Ming Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Clinical and Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University & Shandong academy of medical sciencesJinanChina
| | - Beibei Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Clinical and Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University & Shandong academy of medical sciencesJinanChina
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Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Staelens M, Tankel G, Shankar K, Tuszyński JA. The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:139-188. [PMID: 36265200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5-10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Simone Israel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tankel
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszyński
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada.
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Zhang L, Yu R, Li C, Dang Y, Yi X, Wang L. Circ_0026416 downregulation blocks the development of colorectal cancer through depleting MYO6 expression by enriching miR-545-3p. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:299. [PMID: 34645476 PMCID: PMC8515727 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence reveals that the initiation and development of human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), are associated with the deregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs). Our study intended to disclose the role of circ_0026416 in the malignant behaviors of CRC. Methods The detection for circ_0026416 expression, miR-545-3p expression, and myosin VI (MYO6) mRNA expression was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry assay were applied for functional analysis to monitor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The protein levels of MYO6 and epithelial mesenchymal-transition (EMT) markers were detected by western blot. Mouse models were used to determine the role of circ_0026416 in vivo. The potential relationship between miR-545-3p and circ_0026416 or MYO6 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay. Results The expression of circ_0026416 was increased in CRC tumor tissues and cell lines. Circ_0026416 downregulation inhibited CRC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and EMT but induced cell apoptosis in vitro, and circ_0026416 knockdown also blocked tumor growth in vivo. MiR-545-3p was a target of circ_0026416, and rescue experiments indicated that circ_0026416 knockdown blocked CRC development by enriching miR-545-3p. In addition, miR-545-3p targeted MYO6 and inhibited MYO6 expression. MiR-545-3p enrichment suppressed CRC cell malignant behaviors by sequestering MYO6. Importantly, circ_0026416 knockdown depleted MYO6 expression by enriching miR-545-3p. Conclusion Circ_0026416 downregulation blocked the development of CRC through depleting MYO6 expression by enriching miR-545-3p. Highlights Circ_0026416 downregulation inhibits CRC development in vitro and in vivo. Circ_0026416 regulates the expression of MYO6 by targeting miR-545-3p. Circ_0026416 governs the miR-545-3p/MYO6 axis to regulate CRC progression.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02407-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingba Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ranran Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingba Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingba Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Dang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingba Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingba Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Jingba Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, 250001, Shandong Province, China.
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Kadkhoda S, Taslimi R, Noorbakhsh F, Darbeheshti F, Bazzaz JT, Ghafouri-Fard S, Shakoori A. Importance of Circ0009910 in colorectal cancer pathogenesis as a possible regulator of miR-145 and PEAK1. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:265. [PMID: 34479583 PMCID: PMC8417957 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent neoplasms in the world. Based on the emerging role of noncoding RNAs, particularly circular RNAs in pathogenesis of cancers, we designed this study to inspect the expression levels of a circ0009910-mediated regulatory pathway in colorectal cancer. Methods After bioinformatics analyses and construction of putative circ0009910/ miR-145-5p/PEAK1 pathway, the expression levels of these components were evaluated in 50 CRC tissues and adjacent specimens by quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, we appraised the correlation coefficients between these transcripts and calculated the correlation between circ0009910 expression levels with clinicopathological features of patients. Results Circ0009910 and PEAK1 were significantly upregulated, while miR-145-5p was decreased in CRC samples compared with adjacent tissues (p < 0.05). Moreover, statistically significant correlations were observed between expression levels of circ0009910, miR-145-5p, and PEAK1. We also reported considerable correlations between circ0009910 expression and clinicopathological parameters including sex and perineural invasion. Finally, ROC curve analysis showed circ0009910 level as a discriminative biomarker for CRC. Conclusion For the first time, we could introduce circ0009910 as an important biomarker in CRC. Collectively, this investigation helped us to identify a newly diagnosed pathway in CRC that can be a potential axis for designing effective drugs for treatment of CRC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02378-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Taslimi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shakoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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