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Ivanov N, Lio A, Chau T. Towards user-centric BCI design: Markov chain-based user assessment for mental imagery EEG-BCIs. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:066037. [PMID: 38128128 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad17f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective.While electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have many potential clinical applications, their use is impeded by poor performance for many users. To improve BCI performance, either via enhanced signal processing or user training, it is critical to understand and describe each user's ability to perform mental control tasks and produce discernible EEG patterns. While classification accuracy has predominantly been used to assess user performance, limitations and criticisms of this approach have emerged, thus prompting the need to develop novel user assessment approaches with greater descriptive capability. Here, we propose a combination of unsupervised clustering and Markov chain models to assess and describe user skill.Approach.Using unsupervisedK-means clustering, we segmented the EEG signal space into regions representing pattern states that users could produce. A user's movement through these pattern states while performing different tasks was modeled using Markov chains. Finally, using the steady-state distributions and entropy rates of the Markov chains, we proposed two metricstaskDistinctandrelativeTaskInconsistencyto assess, respectively, a user's ability to (i) produce distinct task-specific patterns for each mental task and (ii) maintain consistent patterns during individual tasks.Main results.Analysis of data from 14 adolescents using a three-class BCI revealed significant correlations between thetaskDistinctandrelativeTaskInconsistencymetrics and classification F1 score. Moreover, analysis of the pattern states and Markov chain models yielded descriptive information regarding user performance not immediately apparent from classification accuracy.Significance.Our proposed user assessment method can be used in concert with classifier-based analysis to further understand the extent to which users produce task-specific, time-evolving EEG patterns. In turn, this information could be used to enhance user training or classifier design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ivanov
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Lio
- Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Shirota C, Mitchell J, Clanchy K. End-User Perspectives of the Importance of Rehabilitation Technologies and Related Values for Implementation. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 37941202 DOI: 10.1109/icorr58425.2023.10304808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increased availability of rehabilitation technologies (such as robotics) and evidence to support their use, their adoption is still limited in practice. To begin to address this issue, we sought to better understand the perspectives of end-users regarding the implementation of rehabilitation technologies through an online survey. Fifty unique responses across Client (e.g., people with disability and carers), Allied Health (e.g., occupational and physical therapists, podiatrists, psychologists, dieticians, audiologists, exercise physiologists), and Medical (i.e., physicians and nurses) groups were analyzed. Respondents considered rehabilitation technologies to be important (median across groups of 9 out of 10). Across groups, value statements related to the implementation of rehabilitation technologies ranked from most to least important related to: benefits of technology to its intended end-user with disability, practical use of technologies, the technologies themselves (e.g., innovative, established, stand-alone), and their impact on health professionals or the health system as a whole. There were similarities and differences in ranking within and across end-user groups. The prioritization of statements indicates where development efforts can be focused to address end-user goals, and disparity in results across groups supports rich stakeholder engagement during rehabilitation technology development.
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3
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Kirton A. A Moral Imperative to Advance Brain-Computer Interfaces for Children With Neurological Disability. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:751-752. [PMID: 37338891 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This Viewpoint describes the need to expand use of brain-computer interface systems to children with neurological disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kirton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Jadavji Z, Kirton A, Metzler MJ, Zewdie E. BCI-activated electrical stimulation in children with perinatal stroke and hemiparesis: A pilot study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1006242. [PMID: 37007682 PMCID: PMC10063823 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1006242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPerinatal stroke (PS) causes most hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) and results in lifelong disability. Children with severe hemiparesis have limited rehabilitation options. Brain computer interface- activated functional electrical stimulation (BCI-FES) of target muscles may enhance upper extremity function in hemiparetic adults. We conducted a pilot clinical trial to assess the safety and feasibility of BCI-FES in children with hemiparetic CP.MethodsThirteen participants (mean age = 12.2 years, 31% female) were recruited from a population-based cohort. Inclusion criteria were: (1) MRI-confirmed PS, (2) disabling hemiparetic CP, (3) age 6–18 years, (4) informed consent/assent. Those with neurological comorbidities or unstable epilepsy were excluded. Participants attended two BCI sessions: training and rehabilitation. They wore an EEG-BCI headset and two forearm extensor stimulation electrodes. Participants’ imagination of wrist extension was classified on EEG, after which muscle stimulation and visual feedback were provided when the correct visualization was detected.ResultsNo serious adverse events or dropouts occurred. The most common complaints were mild headache, headset discomfort and muscle fatigue. Children ranked the experience as comparable to a long car ride and none reported as unpleasant. Sessions lasted a mean of 87 min with 33 min of stimulation delivered. Mean classification accuracies were (M = 78.78%, SD = 9.97) for training and (M = 73.48, SD = 12.41) for rehabilitation. Mean Cohen’s Kappa across rehabilitation trials was M = 0.43, SD = 0.29, range = 0.019–1.00, suggesting BCI competency.ConclusionBrain computer interface-FES was well -tolerated and feasible in children with hemiparesis. This paves the way for clinical trials to optimize approaches and test efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeanna Jadavji
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Megan J. Metzler
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ephrem Zewdie
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ephrem Zewdie,
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5
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Williams SC, Horsfall HL, Funnell JP, Hanrahan JG, Schaefer AT, Muirhead W, Marcus HJ. Neurosurgical Team Acceptability of Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Two-Stage International Cross-Sectional Survey. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e884-e898. [PMID: 35623610 PMCID: PMC10444691 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) require neurosurgical implantation, which confers a range of risks. Despite this situation, no studies have assessed the acceptability of invasive BCIs among the neurosurgical team. This study aims to establish baseline knowledge of BCIs within the neurosurgical team and identify attitudes toward different applications of invasive BCI. METHODS A 2-stage cross-sectional international survey of the neurosurgical team (neurosurgeons, anesthetists, and operating room nurses) was conducted. Results from the first, qualitative, survey were used to guide the second-stage quantitative survey, which assessed acceptability of invasive BCI applications. Five-part Likert scales were used to collect quantitative data. Surveys were distributed internationally via social media and collaborators. RESULTS A total of 108 qualitative responses were collected. Themes included the promise of BCIs positively affecting disease targets, concerns regarding stability, and an overall positive emotional reaction to BCI technology. The quantitative survey generated 538 responses from 32 countries. Baseline knowledge of BCI technology was poor, with 9% claiming to have a good or expert knowledge of BCIs. Acceptability of invasive BCI for rehabilitative purposes was >80%. Invasive BCI for augmentation in healthy populations divided opinion. CONCLUSIONS The neurosurgical team's view of the acceptability of invasive BCI was divided across a range of indications. Some applications (e.g., stroke rehabilitation) were viewed as more appropriate than other applications (e.g., augmentation for military use). This range in views highlights the need for stakeholder consultation on acceptable use cases along with regulation and guidance to govern initial BCI implantations if patients are to realize the potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Williams
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London, United Kingdom.
| | - Hugo Layard Horsfall
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Funnell
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London, United Kingdom
| | - John G Hanrahan
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas T Schaefer
- The Francis Crick Institute, Sensory Circuits and Neurotechnology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Muirhead
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London, United Kingdom
| | - Hani J Marcus
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London, United Kingdom
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Floreani ED, Kelly D, Rowley D, Irvine B, Kinney-Lang E, Kirton A. Iterative Development of a Software to Facilitate Independent Home Use of BCI Technologies for Children with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2022; 2022:3361-3364. [PMID: 36086125 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are emerging as a new solution for children with severe disabilities to interact with the world. However, BCI technologies have yet to reach end-users in their daily lives due to significant translational gaps. To address these gaps, we applied user-centered design principles to establish a home BCI program for children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy. This work describes the technical development of the software we designed to facilitate BCI use at home. Children and their families were involved at each design stage to evaluate and provide feedback. Since deployment, seven families have successfully used the system independently at home and continue to use BCI at home to further enable participation and independence for their children. Clinical relevance- The design and successful implementation of user-centered software for home use will both inform on the feasibility of BCI as a long-term access solution for children with neurological disabilities as well as decrease barriers of accessibility and availability of BCI technologies for end-users.
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7
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Jadavji Z, Zewdie E, Kelly D, Kinney-Lang E, Robu I, Kirton A. Establishing a Clinical Brain-Computer Interface Program for Children With Severe Neurological Disabilities. Cureus 2022; 14:e26215. [PMID: 35891842 PMCID: PMC9307353 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children with severe motor impairment but intact cognition are deprived of fundamental human rights. Quadriplegic cerebral palsy is the most common scenario where rehabilitation options remain limited. Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) represent a potential solution, but pediatric populations have been neglected. Direct engagement of children and families could provide meaningful opportunities while informing program development. We describe a patient-centered, clinical, non-invasive pediatric BCI program. Methods: Eligible children were identified within a population-based, tertiary care children’s hospital. Criteria included 1) age six to 18 years, 2) severe physical disability (non-ambulatory, minimal hand use), 3) severely limited speech, and 4) evidence of grade 1 cognitive capacity. After initial screening for BCI competency, participants attended regular sessions, attempting commercially available and customized systems to play computer games, control devices, and attempt communication. Results: We report the first 10 participants (median 11 years, range 6-16, 60% male). Over 334 hours of participation, there were no serious adverse events. BCI training was well tolerated, with favorable feedback from children and parents. All but one participant demonstrated the ability to perform BCI tasks. The majority performed well, using motor imagery based tasks for games and entertainment. Difficulties were most significant using P300, visual evoked potential based paradigms where maintenance of attention was challenging. Children and families expressed interest in continuing and informing program development. Conclusions: Patient-centered clinical BCI programs are feasible for children with severe disabilities. Carefully selected participants can often learn quickly to perform meaningful tasks on readily available systems. Patient and family motivation and engagement appear high.
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8
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Pitt KM, McKelvey M, Weissling K. The perspectives of augmentative and alternative communication experts on the clinical integration of non-invasive brain-computer interfaces. Brain-Computer Interfaces 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/2326263x.2022.2057758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Pitt
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Miechelle McKelvey
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska Kearney Kearney, NE, USA
| | - Kristy Weissling
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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9
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Huggins JE, Krusienski D, Vansteensel MJ, Valeriani D, Thelen A, Stavisky S, Norton JJS, Nijholt A, Müller-Putz G, Kosmyna N, Korczowski L, Kapeller C, Herff C, Halder S, Guger C, Grosse-Wentrup M, Gaunt R, Dusang AN, Clisson P, Chavarriaga R, Anderson CW, Allison BZ, Aksenova T, Aarnoutse E. Workshops of the Eighth International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting: BCIs: The Next Frontier. Brain Comput Interfaces (Abingdon) 2022; 9:69-101. [PMID: 36908334 PMCID: PMC9997957 DOI: 10.1080/2326263x.2021.2009654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Eighth International Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Meeting was held June 7-9th, 2021 in a virtual format. The conference continued the BCI Meeting series' interactive nature with 21 workshops covering topics in BCI (also called brain-machine interface) research. As in the past, workshops covered the breadth of topics in BCI. Some workshops provided detailed examinations of specific methods, hardware, or processes. Others focused on specific BCI applications or user groups. Several workshops continued consensus building efforts designed to create BCI standards and increase the ease of comparisons between studies and the potential for meta-analysis and large multi-site clinical trials. Ethical and translational considerations were both the primary topic for some workshops or an important secondary consideration for others. The range of BCI applications continues to expand, with more workshops focusing on approaches that can extend beyond the needs of those with physical impairments. This paper summarizes each workshop, provides background information and references for further study, presents an overview of the discussion topics, and describes the conclusion, challenges, or initiatives that resulted from the interactions and discussion at the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Huggins
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States 325 East Eisenhower, Room 3017; Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-5744, 734-936-7177
| | - Dean Krusienski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219
| | - Mariska J Vansteensel
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Dept of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonia Thelen
- eemagine Medical Imaging Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - James J S Norton
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, US Department of Veterans Affairs, 113 Holland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Anton Nijholt
- Faculty EEMCS, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gernot Müller-Putz
- Institute of Neural Engineering, GrazBCI Lab, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nataliya Kosmyna
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Media Lab, E14-548, Cambridge, MA 02139, Unites States
| | | | | | - Christian Herff
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christoph Guger
- g.tec medical engineering GmbH/Guger Technologies OG, Austria, Sierningstrasse 14, 4521 Schiedlberg, Austria, +43725122240-0
| | - Moritz Grosse-Wentrup
- Research Group Neuroinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science, Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, Data Science @ Uni Vienna University of Vienna
| | - Robert Gaunt
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 3520 5th Ave, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, 412-383-1426
| | - Aliceson Nicole Dusang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Rehabilitation R&D Service, Providence, RI
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ricardo Chavarriaga
- IEEE Standards Association Industry Connections group on neurotechnologies for brain-machine interface, Center for Artificial Intelligence, School of Engineering, ZHAW-Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Charles W Anderson
- Department of Computer Science, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Brendan Z Allison
- Dept. of Cognitive Science, Mail Code 0515, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, United States, 619-534-9754
| | - Tetiana Aksenova
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Erik Aarnoutse
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeanna Jadavji
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Jack Zhang
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Brett Paffrath
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Ephrem Zewdie
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics (E.Z.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Z.J., J.Z., B.P., E.Z., A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
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Abstract
Recent advances in brain-computer interface technology to restore and rehabilitate neurologic function aim to enable persons with disabling neurologic conditions to communicate, interact with the environment, and achieve other key activities of daily living and personal goals. Here we evaluate the principles, benefits, challenges, and future directions of brain-computer interfaces in the context of neurorehabilitation. We then explore the clinical translation of these technologies and propose an approach to facilitate implementation of brain-computer interfaces for persons with neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Young
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Lin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, Rhode Island
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12
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Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Integrating brain-computer interface (BCI) technology with functional electrical stimulation therapy (FEST) is an emerging strategy for upper limb motor rehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite promising results, the combined use of these technologies (BCI-FEST) in clinical practice is minimal. To address this issue, we developed KITE-BCI, a BCI system specifically designed for clinical application and integration with dynamic FEST. In this paper, we report its technical features and performance. In addition, we discuss the differences in distributions of the BCI- and therapist-triggered stimulation latencies. DESIGN Two single-arm 40-session interventional studies to test the feasibility of BCI-controlled FEST for upper limb motor rehabilitation in individuals with cervical SCI. SETTING Rehabilitation programs within the University and Lyndhurst Centres of the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Five individuals with sub-acute (< 6 months post-injury) SCI at the C4-C5 level, AIS B-D, and three individuals with chronic (> 24 months post-injury) SCI at C4 level, AIS B-C. OUTCOME MEASURES We measured BCI setup duration, and to characterize the performance of KITE-BCI, we recorded BCI sensitivity, defined as the percentage of successful BCI activations out of the total number of cued movements. RESULTS The overall BCI sensitivities were 74.46% and 79.08% for the sub-acute and chronic groups, respectively. The average KITE-BCI setup duration across the two studies was 11 min and 13 s. CONCLUSION KITE-BCI demonstrates a clinically viable single-channel BCI system for integration with FEST resulting in a versatile technology-enhanced upper limb motor rehabilitation strategy after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar I. Jovanovic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milos R. Popovic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cesar Marquez-Chin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Kinney-Lang E, Kelly D, Floreani ED, Jadavji Z, Rowley D, Zewdie ET, Anaraki JR, Bahari H, Beckers K, Castelane K, Crawford L, House S, Rauh CA, Michaud A, Mussi M, Silver J, Tuck C, Adams K, Andersen J, Chau T, Kirton A. Advancing Brain-Computer Interface Applications for Severely Disabled Children Through a Multidisciplinary National Network: Summary of the Inaugural Pediatric BCI Canada Meeting. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:593883. [PMID: 33343318 PMCID: PMC7744376 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.593883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of youth suffering from acquired brain injury or other early-life neurological disease live, mature, and learn with only limited communication and interaction with their world. Such cognitively capable children are ideal candidates for brain-computer interfaces (BCI). While BCI systems are rapidly evolving, a fundamental gap exists between technological innovators and the patients and families who stand to benefit. Forays into translating BCI systems to children in recent years have revealed that kids can learn to operate simple BCI with proficiency akin to adults. BCI could bring significant boons to the lives of many children with severe physical impairment, supporting their complex physical and social needs. However, children have been neglected in BCI research and a collaborative BCI research community is required to unite and push pediatric BCI development forward. To this end, the pediatric BCI Canada collaborative network (BCI-CAN) was formed, under a unified goal to cooperatively drive forward pediatric BCI innovation and impact. This article reflects on the topics and discussions raised in the foundational BCI-CAN meeting held in Toronto, ON, Canada in November 2019 and suggests the next steps required to see BCI impact the lives of children with severe neurological disease and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Kinney-Lang
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dion Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erica D Floreani
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zeanna Jadavji
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Danette Rowley
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ephrem Takele Zewdie
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Javad R Anaraki
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,PRISM Laboratory, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hosein Bahari
- I CAN Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kim Beckers
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Castelane
- PRISM Laboratory, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsey Crawford
- PRISM Laboratory, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah House
- PRISM Laboratory, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chelsea A Rauh
- PRISM Laboratory, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Michaud
- I CAN Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matheus Mussi
- Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Silver
- PRISM Laboratory, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne Tuck
- I CAN Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kim Adams
- Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Andersen
- I CAN Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Assistive Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,PRISM Laboratory, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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