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Magdy G, Said N, El-Domany RA, Belal F. Novel fluorescent probes based on sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots for determination of three N-substituted phenothiazine derivatives in dosage forms. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 314:124207. [PMID: 38554691 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In the current work, sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (S,N-CDs) as simple, sensitive, and selective turn-off fluorescent nanosensors were utilized for analysis of three phenothiazine derivatives, including acetophenazine (APZ), chlorpromazine (CPH), and promethazine (PZH). S,N-CDs were synthesized through a green one-pot microwave-assisted technique using widely available precursors (thiourea and ascorbic acid). HRTEM, EDX, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the as-synthesized CDs. When excited at 330 nm, the carbon dots produced a maximum emission peak at 410 nm. The cited drugs statically quenched the S,N-CDs fluorescence as revealed by the Stern-Volmer equation. The current method represents the first spectrofluorimetric approach for the determination of the studied drugs without the need for chemical derivatization or harsh reaction conditions. The importance of the proposed work is magnified as the cited drugs do not have any fluorescent properties. The fluorescence of the developed sensor exhibited a linear response to APZ, CPH, and PZH in the concentration ranges of 5.0-100.0, 10.0-100.0, and 10.0-200.0 μM with detection limits of 1.53, 1.66, and 2.47 μM, respectively. The developed fluorescent probes have the advantages of rapidity and selectivity for APZ, CPH, and PZH analysis in tablets with acceptable % recoveries of (98.06-101.66 %). Evaluation of the method's greenness was performed using the Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) and Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE) metrics, indicating that the method is environmentally friendly. Validation of the proposed method was performed according to ICHQ2 (R1) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa, 7731168, Egypt.
| | - Noura Said
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
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Kong C, Wang K, Sun L, Zhao H, Wang T, Zhou W, Wu D, Xu F. Novel Carbon Dots Derived from Moutan Cortex Significantly Improve the Solubility and Bioavailability of Mangiferin. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3611-3622. [PMID: 38660022 PMCID: PMC11041979 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s456053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mangiferin (MA), a bioactive C-glucosyl xanthone with a wide range of interesting therapeutic properties, has recently attracted considerable attention. However, its application in biomedicine is limited by poor solubility and bioavailability. Carbon dots (CDs), novel nanomaterials, have immense promise as carriers for improving the biopharmaceutical properties of active components because of their outstanding characteristics. Methods In this study, a novel water-soluble carbon dot (MC-CDs) was prepared for the first time from an aqueous extract of Moutan Cortex Carbonisata, and characterized by various spectroscopies, zeta potential and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The toxicity effect was investigated using the CCK-8 assay in vitro. In addition, the potential of MC-CDs as carriers for improving the pharmacokinetic parameters was evaluated in vivo. Results The results indicated that MC-CDs with a uniform spherical particle size of 1-5 nm were successfully prepared, which significantly increased the solubility of MA in water. The MC-CDs exhibited low toxicity in HT-22 cells. Most importantly, the MC-CDs effectively affected the pharmacokinetic parameters of MA in normal rats. UPLC-MS analysis indicated that the area under the maximum blood concentration of MA from mangiferin-MC-CDs (MA-MC-CDs) was 1.6-fold higher than that from the MA suspension liquid (MA control) after oral administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Conclusion Moutan Cortex-derived novel CDs exhibited superior performance in improving the solubility and bioavailability of MA. This study not only opens new possibilities for the future clinical application of MA but also provides evidence for the development of green biological carbon dots as a drug delivery system to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of insoluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuihao Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaidi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang CONBA Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuxi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deling Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengqing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
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Salman BI, Hassan AI, Batakoushy HA, Saraya RE, Abdel-Aal MAA, Al-Harrasi A, Ibrahim AE, Hassan YF. Design, Characterization, and Bioanalytical Applications of Green Terbium- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as a Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Omadacycline Analysis. Appl Spectrosc 2024; 78:329-339. [PMID: 38166449 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231219508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Terbium- and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (Tb,N@CQDs) were greenly created employing microwave synthesis from plum juice with terbium nitrate. The synthesis of Tb,N@CQDs was fast (7 min) with a high quantum yield (35.44%). Tb,N@CQDs were fully characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Zeta potential analysis, fluorescence, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Omadacycline (OMC) is a broad-spectrum tetracycline that has been recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Act (FDA) in October 2018. OMC is the first oral aminomethylcycline class antibiotic drug that was authorized for the treatment of acute skin structure infections and community-acquired pneumonia. Tb,N@CQDs exhibited emission at 440 nm after excitation at 360 nm, where their fluorescence intensity showed a reduction upon addition of OMC. The experimental parameters were further studied and optimized. The linear range was between 40 and 60 parts per billion (ppb), with (limit of quantitation) equal to 34.78 ppb. The proposed approach was validated for bioanalytical purposes using FDA guidelines and proved to be straightforward, cheap, highly sensitive, and very selective, which can be used in clinical studies. The developed approach proved to be green using some current assessment metrics and was applied successfully for the determination of OMC in human plasma, milk, and pharmaceutical formulations as well as pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hany A Batakoushy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Roshdy E Saraya
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Yasser F Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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Fang Z, Zhang H, Guo J, Guo J. Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical practice. Talanta 2024; 266:124996. [PMID: 37562225 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of clinical pharmacy in China, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has become an essential tool for guiding rational clinical drug use and is widely concerned. TDM is a tool that combines pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic knowledge to optimize personalized drug therapy, which can improve treatment outcomes, reduce drug-drug toxicity, and avoid the risk of developing drug resistance. To effectively implement TDM, accurate and sophisticated analytical methods are required. By researching the literature published in recent years, we summarize the types of commonly monitored drugs, therapeutic windows, and clinical assays and track the trends and hot spots of therapeutic drug monitoring. The purpose is to provide guidelines for clinical blood drug concentration monitoring, to implement individualized drug delivery programs better, to ensure the rational use of drugs for patients, and to provide a reference for the group to carry out related topics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Fang
- University of Southwest Petroleum University, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Chengdu, China
| | - He Zhang
- University of Southwest Petroleum University, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Belal F, Mabrouk M, Hammad S, Ahmed H, Barseem A. Recent Applications of Quantum Dots in Pharmaceutical Analysis. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:119-138. [PMID: 37222883 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most potential areas for pharmaceutical analysis. The need for nanomaterials in pharmaceutical analysis is comprehended in terms of economic challenges, health and safety concerns. Quantum dots (QDs)or colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are new groups of fluorescent nanoparticles that bind nanotechnology to drug analysis. Because of their special physicochemical characteristics and small size, QDs are thought to be promising candidates for the electrical and luminescent probes development. They were originally developed as luminescent biological labels, but are now discovering new analytical chemistry applications, where their photo-luminescent properties are used in pharmaceutical, clinical analysis, food quality control and environmental monitoring. In this review, we discuss QDs regarding properties and advantages, advances in methods of synthesis and their recent applications in drug analysis in the recent last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Mabrouk
- Department of pharmaceutical analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherin Hammad
- Department of pharmaceutical analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hytham Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Aya Barseem
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
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Al-Khateeb LA, El-Maghrabey M, El-Shaheny R. Sensitive determination of naftazone using carbon quantum dots nanoprobe by fluorimetry and smartphone-based techniques. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123109. [PMID: 37429194 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast, and direct mix-and-read spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the sensitive determination of naftazone (NFZ) utilizing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a greener and highly luminescent nanosensor. NFZ effectively quenches the strong fluorescence of GQDs at λex/λem of 350/440 nm via the inner filter effect mechanism. The nanosensor exhibits excellent linearity for NFZ over the concentration range of 0.46 to 186 μM with a limit of detection of 0.04 μM. The proposed method was validated for the successful determination of NFZ in tablets and on manufacturing equipment surfaces with good % recoveries of 98.4-101.6 and 96.3 - 102.2%, respectively. Furthermore, an integrated smartphone-based reader has been implemented and successfully applied for the determination of NFZ. The smartphone-based reader consists of a 365 nm UV torch as an excitation source, a smartphone for recording images, and smartphone-powered image analysis software for signal interpretation, together with a paper-based analytical device (PAD) utilizing filter paper as a substrate and correction fluid as a barrier for creation of detection zones. This smart platform showed excellent sensitivity with a limit of detection down to 0.12 nmol/zone, and it could be used for in-site determination of NFZ, especially for the limited resources laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateefa A Al-Khateeb
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80200-Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud El-Maghrabey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rania El-Shaheny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Magdy G, El Hamd MA, El-Maghrabey M, Zainy FM, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Alsaggaf WT, Radwan AS. A highly sensitive micelle-enhanced synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of the recently approved co-formulated drugs, bilastine and montelukast in pharmaceuticals and human plasma at nanogram levels. LUMINESCENCE 2023. [PMID: 38044037 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the simultaneous determination of bilastine and montelukast, two recently approved co-formulated antihistaminic medications, was accomplished using a quick, sensitive, environmentally friendly, and reasonably priced synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic approach for the first time. Enhancement of the method's sensitivity down to nanogram levels was achieved by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (1.0% w/v) as a micellar system. According to the results, bilastine and montelukast's fluorescence was measured at 255.3 and 355.3 nm, respectively, using Δλ of 40.0 nm and distilled water as a green diluting solvent. With respect to the concentration ranges of bilastine (5.0-300.0 ng/ml) and montelukast (50.0-1000.0 ng/ml), the method showed excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.9998). The results showed that the suggested method is highly sensitive, with detection limits of 1.42 and 13.74 ng/ml for bilastine and montelukast, respectively. Within-run precisions (intra- and interday) per cent relative standard deviations (RSD) for both analytes were <0.59%. With high percentage recoveries and low percentage RSD values, the designed approach was successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of the cited medications in their dosage form and human plasma samples. To evaluate the green profile of the suggested method, an analytical GREENNESS metric approach (AGREE) and green analytical procedure index (GAPI) metric tools were used. These two methods for evaluating greenness confirmed that the developed method met the highest number of green requirements, recommending its use as a green substitute for the routine analysis of the studied drugs. The proposed approach was validated according to ICHQ2 (R1) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Maghrabey
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Faten M Zainy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan T Alsaggaf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya Saad Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
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Elbardisy HM, Elnaggar MM, Belal TS, Ragab MA, El-Yazbi AF. Green "turn-off" luminescent nanosensors for the sensitive determination of desperately fluorescent antibacterial antiviral agent and its metabolite in various matrices. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14131. [PMID: 37644085 PMCID: PMC10465507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitazoxanide (NTX) is an antimicrobial drug that was used for the treatment of various protozoa. However, during the coronavirus pandemic, NTX has been redirected for the treatment of such virus that primarily infect the respiratory tract system. NTX is now used as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. In this study, a highly sensitive and green spectrofluorometric method was developed to detect NTX in various dosage forms and its metabolite, tizoxanide (TX), in human plasma samples using nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots nanosensors (C-dots). A simple and eco-friendly hydrothermal method was used to synthetize water soluble C-dots from citric acid and l-cysteine. After excitation at 345 nm, the luminescence intensity was measured at 416 nm. Quenching of C-dots luminescence occurred upon the addition of NTX and was proportional to NTX concentration. Assessment of the quenching mechanism was performed to prove that inner filter effect is the underlying molecular mechanism of NTX quenching accomplished. After optimizing all experimental parameters, the analytical procedure was evaluated and validated using the ICH guidelines. The method linearity, detection and quantification limits of NTX were 15 × 10-3-15.00 µg/mL, 56.00 × 10-4 and 15 × 10-3 µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of NTX in its commercial pharmaceutical products; Nanazoxid® oral suspension and tablets. The obtained % recovery, relative standard deviation and % relative error were satisfactory. Comparison with other reported spectrofluorimetric methods revealed the superior sensitivity of the proposed method. Such high sensitivity permitted the selective determination of TX, the main metabolite of NTX, in human plasma samples making this study the first spectrofluorimetric method in literature that determine TX in human plasma samples. Moreover, the method greenness was assessed using both Eco-Scale and AGREE approaches to prove the superiority of the proposed method greenness over other previously published spectrofluorimetric methods for the analysis of NTX and its metabolite, TX, in various dosage forms and in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil M Elbardisy
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Mai M Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Buhaira, 22516, Egypt
| | - Amira F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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Abdel-Hakim A, Belal F, Hammad MA, El-Maghrabey M. Rapid microwave synthesis of N and S dual-doped carbon quantum dots for natamycin determination based on fluorescence switch-off assay. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 11:045007. [PMID: 37586384 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acf119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Green, one-pot, quick, and easily synthesized nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CDs) were obtained from cheap and readily available chemicals (sucrose, urea, and thiourea) using a microwave-assisted approach in about 4 min and utilized as a turn-off fluorescent sensor for estimation of natamycin (NAT). First, the effect of N and S doping on the microwave-synthesized CDs' quantum yield was carefully studied. CDs derived from sucrose alone failed to produce a high quantum yield; then, to increase the quantum yield, doping with heteroatoms was carried out using either urea or thiourea. A slight increase in quantum yield was observed upon using thiourea with sucrose, while an obvious enhancement of quantum yield was obtained when urea was used instead of thiourea. Surprisingly, using a combination of urea and thiourea together results in N,S-CDs with the highest quantum yield (53.5%), uniform and small particle size distribution, and extended stability. The fluorescent signal of N,S-CDs was quenched upon addition of NAT due to inner filter effect and static quenching in a manner that allowed for quantitative determination of NAT over a range of 0.5-10.0μg ml-1(LOD = 0.10μg ml-1). The N,S-CDs were applicable for determination of NAT in aqueous humor, eye drops, different environmental water samples, and bread with excellent performance. The selectivity study indicated excellent selectivity of the prepared N,S-CDs toward NAT with little interference from possibly interfering substances. In-silico toxicological evaluation of NAT was conducted to estimate its long-term toxicity and drug-drug interactions. Finally, the preparation of N,S-CDs, and analytical procedure compliance with the green chemistry principles were confirmed by two greenness assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdel-Hakim
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Monufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hammad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Monufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Maghrabey
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35526, Egypt
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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Salman BI. Green microwave quantum dots as luminescent probes for quantifying prucalopride: consistency of content and application to pharmacokinetic studies. BMC Chem 2023; 17:83. [PMID: 37468925 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prucalopride (PCP) is a medication used for the management of constipation via regulating bowel motions. PCP is widely used all over the world. So, novel, rapid, and highly sensitive carbon dots N-CQDs were obtained from Eruca Sativa juice via microwave approach in 4 min. The luminescence power of N-CQDs was declined by the increasing prucalopride concentration at emission 518 nm with linearity ranged from 3.00 to 200.00 ng mL-1. The luminescent antecedent was utilized for the test of PCP in human plasma with the rate of recovery extending from 95.06 to 98.40%. The new technique is an eco-friendly analytical method that can be easily applied in clinical laboratories. This assay is also simple, sensitive, and applied to therapeutic laboratories and subsequent pharmacokinetic studies in several clinical laboratories. Furthermore, the N-CQDs nano-sensor was able to distinguish the target drug from interferents commonly found in human plasma, indicating its high specificity and selectivity for PCP detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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Hemmati A, Emadi H, Nabavi SR. Green Synthesis of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Determination of L-DOPA Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and a Smartphone-Based Fluorimeter. ACS Omega 2023; 8:20987-20999. [PMID: 37332813 PMCID: PMC10269249 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur- and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (S,N-CQDs) were synthesized using feijoa leaves as a green precursor via a novel route. Spectroscopic and microscopic methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the synthesized materials. The blue emissive S,N-CQDs were applied for qualitative and quantitative determination of levodopa (L-DOPA) in aqueous environmental and real samples. Human blood serum and urine were used as real samples with good recovery of 98.4-104.6 and 97.3-104.3%, respectively. A smartphone-based fluorimeter device was employed as a novel and user-friendly self-product device for pictorial determination of L-DOPA. Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) was used as a substrate for S,N-CQDs to make an optical nanopaper-based sensor for L-DOPA determination. The S,N-CQDs demonstrated good selectivity and sensitivity. The interaction of L-DOPA with the functional groups of the S,N-CQDs via the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism quenched the fluorescence of S,N-CQDs. The PET process was studied using fluorescence lifetime decay, which confirmed the dynamic quenching of S,N-CQD fluorescence. The limit of detection (LOD) of S,N-CQDs in aqueous solution and the nanopaper-based sensor was 0.45 μM in the concentration range of 1-50 μM and 31.05 μM in the concentration range of 1-250 μM, respectively.
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Alossaimi MA, Altamimi ASA, Elmansi H, Magdy G. Green synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for the sensitive determination of larotrectinib in biological fluids and dosage forms: Evaluation of method greenness and selectivity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 300:122914. [PMID: 37257322 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the kinase receptor inhibitor drug larotrectinib has been approved as a monotherapy for the treatment of patients with solid tumors containing the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase gene fusion. In this paper, a novel sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was proposed for the determination of larotrectinib based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) fluorescent probes. The proposed method is the first spectroscopic method for analysis of the cited drug, which is simple to implement and involves no pre-treatment steps or complicated techniques. The N-CQDs synthesis was performed by adopting a straightforward, fast, and environmentally friendly approach. It was achieved by means of a standard domestic microwave with inexpensive and readily available starting materials: orange juice (carbon source) and urea (nitrogen source). The synthesized N-CQDs were subjected to microscopic and spectroscopic characterization procedures. They were found to be stable with a sufficiently high fluorescence quantum yield (25.3%) and a small particle size distribution (2-5 nm). The motivation for the use of N-CQDs in this study arose from their excellent fluorescence intensities at 417 nm when excited at 325 nm. Larotrectinib was found to have a quantitative and selective quenching effect on the QDs fluorescence allowing for its sensitive determination. The drug's quenching mechanism was investigated and found to be of the static type. Under optimal conditions, the proposed approach permitted the determination of larotrectinib over the concentration interval of 5.0-28.0 µg/mL. The method showed sufficient sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.19 µg/mL and a quantitation limit of 0.57 µg/mL, enabling the determination of LARO in spiked human plasma samples. The approach's recovery percentage was found to be in the range of 99.09-100.73% for pure samples and 97.35-102.59% for plasma samples. The study also successfully applied the proposed approach to the commercial oral solution form of larotrectinib (Vitrakvi®) with high selectivity. Method greenness was further evaluated by adopting two metric tools, including the complementary green analytical procedure index (ComplexGAPI) and Analytical GREENNESS metric approach (AGREE), and it was confirmed to be excellent green. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the ICHQ2 (R1) recommendations and is considered an excellent candidate for potential application in the therapeutic monitoring of larotrectinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Alossaimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
| | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
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Magdy G, Ebrahim S, Belal F, El-Domany RA, Abdel-Megied AM. Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for the determination of some pharmaceutically-important nitro compounds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5502. [PMID: 37015951 PMCID: PMC10073125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, highly fluorescent sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots (SN-CQDs) were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method using thiosemicarbazide and citric acid as starting materials. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were applied to characterize the prepared SN-CQDs. The synthesized SN-CQDs' maximum fluorescence emission was obtained at 430 nm after excitation at 360 nm. Rifampicin (RFP), tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ), and metronidazole (MNZ) all quantitatively and selectively quenched the SN-CQDs' native fluorescence, which was the base-for their-spectrofluorimetric estimation without the need for any tedious pre-treatment steps or high-cost instrumentation. SN-CQDs demonstrated a "turn-off" fluorescence response to RFP, TNZ, ONZ, and MNZ over the ranges of 1.0-30.0, 10.0-200.0, 6.0-200.0, and 5.0-100.0 μM with detection limits of 0.31, 1.76, 0.57, and 0.75 μM and quantitation limits of 0.93, 5.32, 1.74, and 2.28 μM respectively. The suggested method was successfully used to determine the investigated drugs in their commercial dosage forms. The method was further extended to their determination in spiked human plasma samples, with satisfactory mean % recoveries (99.44-100.29) and low % RSD values (< 4.52). The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was studied and discussed. The suggested method was validated in accordance with ICH recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Ebrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
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Alossaimi MA, Elmansi H, Alajaji M, Altharawi A, Altamimi ASA, Magdy G. A Novel Quantum Dots-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Determination of the Anticancer Dacomitinib: Application to Dosage Forms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052351. [PMID: 36903599 PMCID: PMC10005270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising drugs recently approved for the treatment of various types of cancer is dacomitinib, which belongs to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor class. The US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) has recently approved dacomitinib as a first-line treatment for patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. The current study proposes the design of a novel spectrofluorimetric method for determining dacomitinib based on newly synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) as fluorescent probes. The proposed method is simple and does not require pretreatment or preliminary procedures. Since the studied drug does not have any fluorescent properties, the importance of the current study is magnified. When excited at 325 nm, N-CQDs exhibited native fluorescence at 417 nm, which was quantitatively and selectively quenched by the increasing concentrations of dacomitinib. The developed method involved the simple and green microwave-assisted synthesis of N-CQDs, using orange juice as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source. The characterization of the prepared quantum dots was performed using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The synthesized dots had consistently spherical shapes and a narrow size distribution and demonstrated optimal characteristics, including a high stability and a high fluorescence quantum yield (25.3%). When assessing the effectiveness of the proposed method, several optimization factors were considered. The experiments demonstrated highly linear quenching behavior across the concentration range of 1.0-20.0 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. The recovery percentages were found to be in the range of 98.50-100.83% and the corresponding relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 0.984. The proposed method was shown to be highly sensitive with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.11 μg/mL. The type of mechanism by which quenching took place was also investigated by different means and was found to be static with a complementary inner filter effect. For quality purposes, the assessment of the validation criteria adhered to the ICHQ2(R1) recommendations. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a pharmaceutical dosage form of the drug (Vizimpro® Tablets) and the obtained results were satisfactory. Considering the eco-friendly aspect of the suggested methodology, using natural materials to synthesize N-CQDs and water as a diluting solvent added to its greenness profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A. Alossaimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
| | - Mai Alajaji
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
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Salman BI, Hassan YF, Ali MFB, Batakoushy HA. Ultrasensitive green spectrofluorimetric approach for quantification of Hg(II) in environmental samples (water and fish samples) using cysteine@MnO 2 dots. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:145-151. [PMID: 36579943 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg2+ ) is a natural element present in foods such as fish, water and soil. Exposure to mercury leads to severe toxic effects on the nervous, digestive, and immune systems. Here, a novel, green, and environmentally friendly fluorescent probe decorated with cysteine/MnO2 quantum dots (Cys@MnO2 QDs) was synthesized. This synthesis was carried out using a simple ultrasound technique with the aid of cysteine for fabricating Cys@MnO2 QDs to estimate Hg levels in fish and water samples. In this morphological study, Cys@MnO2 QDs were fully characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopy. The fluorescence of the synthesized Cys@MnO2 QDs was significantly quenched by gradually increasing the Hg(II) concentration. The quenching mechanism based on the Hg-S bonds strengthened the utility of the Cys@MnO2 QDs as a novel luminescent nanoprobe. The estimation of Hg was linear in the concentration range 0.7-100.0 ng mL-1 with a limit of quantitation equal to 0.30 ng mL-1 . The Cys@MnO2 QDs are fluorescent probes with various benefits such as speed, ease of use, cost- effective, and being environmentally friendly; they are easily applied in food manufacturing and for public health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yasser F Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa F B Ali
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hany A Batakoushy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
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Magdy G, Belal F, Elmansi H. Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent nanosensors for the spectrofluorimetric determination of palbociclib: application for cellular imaging and selective probing in living cancer cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4156-4167. [PMID: 36744285 PMCID: PMC9890896 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study introduces a spectrofluorimetric methodology for the assessment of palbociclib without the need for any pre-derivatization steps for the first time. This approach relied on the palbociclib quenching effect on the native fluorescence of newly synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs). An innovative, facile, and rapid microwave-assisted pyrolysis procedure was applied for the synthesis of N-CQDs using available and economic starting materials (the carbon source is orange juice and the nitrogen source is urea) in less than 10 minutes. Full characterization of the prepared QDs was carried out using various techniques. The prepared N-CQDs exhibited good fluorescence emission at 417 nm after excitation at 325 nm with stable fluorescence intensity and good quantum yield (29.3%). They showed spherical shapes and narrow size distribution with a particle size of around 2-5 nm. Different experimental variables influencing fluorescence quenching were examined and optimized. A good linear correlation was exhibited alongside the range of 1.0 to 20.0 μg mL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997 and a detection limit of 0.021 μg mL-1. The proposed methodology showed good selectivity allowing its efficient application in tablets with high percentage recoveries and low percentage RSD values. The mechanism of quenching was proved to be static by applying the Stern-Volmer equation at four different temperatures. The method was validated in accordance with ICHQ2 (R1) recommendations. Intriguingly, N-CQDs demonstrated good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, which permitted cellular imaging and palbociclib detection in living cancer cells. Therefore, the proposed method may have potential applications in cancer therapy and related mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh UniversityP.O. Box 33511KafrelsheikhEgypt+201000137394
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura UniversityP.O. Box 35516MansouraEgypt
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura UniversityP.O. Box 35516MansouraEgypt
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