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Wirnitzer KC, Motevalli M, Tanous DR, Wirnitzer G, Wagner KH, Cocca A, Schätzer M, Kirschner W, Drenowatz C, Ruedl G. Study Protocol of "Sustainably Healthy-From Science 2 Highschool & University"-Prevalence of Mixed, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diets Linked to Sports & Exercise among Austrian Tertiary Students and Lecturers/Academic Staff. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15313. [PMID: 36430039 PMCID: PMC9690980 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Healthy lifestyle is the major indicator of individual and public health especially in target populations (e.g., during emerging adulthood). Evidence indicates that unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are strongly associated with the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. The dual approach of sustainable health (i.e., physical exercise tied to a healthy diet) is an effective lifestyle strategy to control and manage health-related disorders, including overweight/obesity. Based on the evidence on plant-based diets regarding health and considering the growing prevalence of vegans and vegetarians worldwide, limited data exist on the health-related behaviors of those who follow plant-based vs. mixed diets in young adulthood. This multidisciplinary study is the first to examine the association between diet type (mixed, vegetarian, and vegan diets) and various health-related behaviors (primarily physical activity, sport, & exercise) among college/university students and lecturers/academic staff in Austria nationwide. Following a cross-sectional study design and using online questionnaires, 4510 tertiary students and 1043 lecturers/academic staff provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, physical exercise habits, and other lifestyle behaviors (sleep, alcohol intake, smoking, etc.) along with information on health status and quality of life. While the data will be analyzed based on differentiated sociodemographic and health-related categories, the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviors will also be evaluated. As a study protocol, this article represents comprehensive details of the design, purposes, and associated analytical measures of the present study within the tertiary educational context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina C. Wirnitzer
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohamad Motevalli
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Derrick R. Tanous
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armando Cocca
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Schätzer
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition—SIPCAN, 5061 Elsbethen, Austria
| | - Werner Kirschner
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Teacher Education Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Głąbska D, Janowska M, Bartosz E, Guzek D. Analysis of the Nutritional Value of the Diets Presented in Women's and Sports Magazines before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19169859. [PMID: 36011498 PMCID: PMC9407771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
For consumers, among the most important sources of information related to nutrition are popular journals and magazines, including women’s and sports, but the diets presented there may lead to unhealthy weight-control behaviors. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional value of regular and low-calorie diets presented in Polish women’s and sports magazines before and during COVID-19 pandemic. The study was based on two popular Polish magazines—one women’s magazine and one sports magazine, which regularly present various types of diets. The nutritional value of all the diets published from January 2014 to May 2022 was analyzed. The total number of included single-day menus was n = 119, while for analysis they were stratified based on: type of magazine (published in the women’s magazine n = 41 and in the sports magazine n = 78), year of publication (before the COVID-19 pandemic n = 78 and during n = 41), and type of diet (regular n = 61 and low-calorie n = 58). The analysis included the energy value and nutritional value. For the type of magazine, the diets published in the sports magazine were characterized by a higher intake of fat (p < 0.0001 for intake in grams and in % of energy) and calcium (p = 0.0330), whereas the diets published in the women’s magazine were characterized by a higher intake of carbohydrates (p = 0.0226 for intake in grams, and p = 0.0002 for intake in % of energy) and fiber (p = 0.0163). For the year of publication, the diets published during the COVID-19 pandemic were characterized by a higher intake of protein (p = 0.0166 for intake in grams), sodium (p = 0.0465), calcium (p < 0.0001), vitamin D (p = 0.0197), vitamin B6 (p = 0.0207), and vitamin B12 (p = 0.0277), whereas the diets published before the COVID-19 pandemic were characterized by a higher intake of carbohydrates (p = 0.0243 for intake in % of energy). For the type of diet, the regular diets were characterized by a higher energy value (p = 0.0020), as well as by a higher intake of fat (p = 0.0162 for intake in grams), carbohydrates (p = 0.0390 for intake in grams), mono- and oligosaccharides (p = 0.0084 for intake in % of energy), fiber (p < 0.0001), magnesium (p = 0.0323), iron (p = 0.0307), and vitamin B6 (p = 0.0204). The nutritional value of the diets presented in the Polish women’s and sports magazines was not justified by the type of magazine or type of diet, associated with the target group, which may cause the following of improperly balanced diets. However, the changes in the typical nutritional value of diets presented in the Polish women’s and sports magazines during the COVID-19 pandemic were justified by some specific needs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-593-71-26
| | - Maria Janowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartosz
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Yazdanpanah Z, Beigrezaei S, Mohseni-Takalloo S, Soltani S, Rajaie SH, Zohrabi T, Kaviani M, Forbes SC, Baker JS, Salehi-Abargouei A. Does exercise affect bone mineral density and content when added to a calorie-restricted diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:339-354. [PMID: 34643754 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exercise in conjunction with weight-loss diets on bone health are mixed. Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze controlled clinical trials in adults investigating the addition of exercise to a weight-loss diet compared with a calorie-matched weight-loss diet without exercise on bone measures. Online databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI (Web of Science), Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2021 with no restriction. A random effects model was used to calculate the overall estimates. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Fourteen eligible controlled clinical trials were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis revealed that, compared to weight-loss diets alone, the addition of exercise did not improve total body bone mineral density (BMD) [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.002 g/cm2, P = 0.62, n = 8], lumbar BMD (WMD = 0.007 g/cm2, P = 0.44, n = 9), total hip BMD (WMD = 0.015 g/cm2, P = 0.14, n = 4) and total bone mineral content (BMC) (WMD = - 11.97 g, P = 0.29, n = 7). Subgroup analysis revealed that resistance exercise in conjunction with hypocaloric diets positively affects total BMD compared to an energy restrictive diet alone (WMD = 0.01 g/cm2, P = 0.003, n = 3). Overall, it appears that only resistance exercise beneficially affects total BMD during a calorie-restricted diet in adults. Further well-controlled and long-term clinical trials are still needed to confirm these results. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Yazdanpanah
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Code 8915173160 , Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Code 8915173160 , Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohseni-Takalloo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Code 8915173160 , Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyede Hamide Rajaie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Code 8915173160 , Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Zohrabi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Code 8915173160 , Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pure & Applied Science, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Code 8915173160 , Yazd, Iran.
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Beigrezaei S, Yazdanpanah Z, Soltani S, Rajaie SH, Mohseni-Takalloo S, Zohrabi T, Kaviani M, Forbes SC, Baker JS, Salehi-Abargouei A. The addition of exercise to a weight loss diet on inflammatory markers: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34766871 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1999201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials was performed to evaluate the effects of weight-loss diets plus exercise compared with weight-loss diets alone on inflammatory biomarkers in adults. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science (ISI), and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2021. Overall effects were derived using a random effects model. The overall quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Twenty-nine trials were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.004 mg/l, 95% CI: -0.140, 0.132, P = 0.954], interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD = -0.039 pg/ml, 95% CI: -0.233 to 0.156, P = 0.696), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD = 0.405 ng/ml, 95% CI: -1.036 to 0.226, P = 0.209) after adding exercise to a weight-loss diet compared with a weight-loss diet alone. Subgroup analysis revealed that exercise plus a weight-loss diet significantly reduced TNF-α in studies greater than 16 weeks in duration (WMD = -0.742 ng/ml, 95% CI: -1.384 to -0.1, P = 0.024). This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that exercise in addition to a weight-loss diet does not have a significant effect on further reducing inflammatory markers compared to a weight loss diet alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeinab Yazdanpanah
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seiede Hamide Rajaie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohseni-Takalloo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Zohrabi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- Faculty of Pure & Applied Science, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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