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Fonseca L, Pereira FM, Moura L, Brito A, Lobo F, Amaral AP, Costa M. COVID-19 in a Portuguese whole blood donor population. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20570. [PMID: 38027845 PMCID: PMC10651442 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the stock of blood banks worldwide. This study aims to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 in a population of whole blood donors and analyze the possible association between blood group and susceptibility to the disease and the impact of adopting preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and methods: This retrospective study included all whole blood donors from a Portuguese hospital between July and September 2021. A self-assessment questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and preventive measures. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 in the donor population was 11.96% (n = 97), with only 2 cases of serious illness requiring hospitalization. No association was found between blood group and disease susceptibility. Older men were less likely to adopt preventive measures. The vaccination rate was high, with 84.26% of donors having received at least one dose of the vaccine. Seven donors declined COVID-19 vaccination. Preventive measures did not differ based on COVID-19 infection status or vaccination. Discussion: Although there was a higher frequency of COVID-19 in group A donors, the blood group was not associated with susceptibility to infection. The donor population consisted of young individuals without comorbidities, showing a COVID-19 prevalence like the general population and few severe cases. The high vaccination rate and adoption of preventive measures likely contributed to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Fonseca
- Serviço de Sangue e Medicina Transfusional, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Portugal
| | | | - Luís Moura
- Serviço de Sangue e Medicina Transfusional, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Portugal
| | - Arnaldo Brito
- Serviço de Sangue e Medicina Transfusional, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Portugal
| | - Filipe Lobo
- Serviço de Sangue e Medicina Transfusional, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmira Amaral
- Serviço de Sangue e Medicina Transfusional, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Portugal
| | - Marina Costa
- Serviço de Sangue e Medicina Transfusional, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Portugal
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Abuawwad MT, Taha MJJ, Abu-Ismail L, Alrubasy WA, Sameer SK, Abuawwad IT, Al-Bustanji Y, Nashwan AJ. Effects of ABO blood groups and RH-factor on COVID-19 transmission, course and outcome: A review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1045060. [PMID: 36714134 PMCID: PMC9878296 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1045060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ABO and Rh blood grouping systems are two of the non-modifiable risk factors that play an important role in the susceptibility, severity and outcomes of COVID-19 infection. This review explores these associations all over the world, in an attempt to conclude a clear idea for future reference in clinical practice. In the present review, a link has been drawn between blood groups and COVID-19 transmission, course and prognosis, as literature suggests that blood group O plays a protective role against the infection, while blood group A exhibits a higher risk of exacerbation. In contrast with Rh negative individuals, Rh positive individuals are prone to more severe infection and complications, despite the fact that the underlying mechanisms of this association remain understudied. Nevertheless, the connection remains subject to controversy; since some studies report doubts about it. Thus, this association requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T. Abuawwad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad J. J. Taha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Luai Abu-Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, Islamic Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Warda A. Alrubasy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shams Khalid Sameer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim T. Abuawwad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yaqeen Al-Bustanji
- Department of Clinical Medical, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
- Department of Nursing, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar,*Correspondence: Abdulqadir J. Nashwan ✉
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Mirzaei Gheinari F, Sakhaee F, Gholami M, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Zamani MS, Ahmadi I, Anvari E, Fateh A. ABO rs657152 and Blood Groups Are as Predictor Factors of COVID-19 Mortality in the Iranian Population. Disease Markers 2022; 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36419842 PMCID: PMC9678483 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5988976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have discovered a relationship between specific blood types, genetic variations of the ABO gene, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ABO rs657152 polymorphisms and ABO blood groups with COVID-19 mortality. The tetraprimer amplification refractory mutation system, polymerase chain reaction method, was used for ABO rs657152 polymorphism genotyping in 1,211 dead and 1,442 improved patients. In the current study, the frequency of ABO rs657152 AA than CC genotypes was significantly higher in dead patients than in improved patients. Our findings indicated that blood type A was associated with the highest risk of COVID-19 mortality compared to other blood groups, and patients with blood type O have a lower risk of infection, suggesting that blood type O may be a protective factor against COVID-19 mortality. Multivariate logistic regression test indicated that higher COVID-19 mortality rates were linked with alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, high density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, real-time PCR Ct values, ABO blood groups, and ABO rs657152 AA genotype. In conclusion, the AA genotype of ABO rs657152 and blood type A were associated with a considerably increased frequency of COVID-19 mortality. Further research is necessary to validate the obtained results.
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Omer NA, Al-Bajalan SJ, Rahman HS, Mohammed MS. Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity with ABO blood groups and RhD antigen: a case-control study. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221110493. [PMID: 35836375 PMCID: PMC9290119 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The role of ABO types and RhD antigen in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity has been investigated in several recent studies. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the relationship of ABO and RhD types with symptomatic COVID-19 disease and determine the groups associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. Methods This observational case-control study was performed in 530 Iraqi-Kurdish patients with COVID-19. Among them, 184 were severe cases that required hospitalization, while 346 were mild to moderate cases that were treated at home. ABO and RhD antigen groups were compared between cases and 1698 control records from 1 year before the pandemic. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on real-time polymerase chain reaction tests and high-resolution chest computed tomography scans with the typical clinical presentation. Results There were no significant differences in ABO and RhD antigen distributions between the COVID-19 cases and non-COVID controls. No ABO group was associated with the risk of hospitalization as a marker of the severity of infection. Conclusions There was no significant association between symptomatic COVID-19 disease and any ABO group or RhD antigen type. No impact of ABO groups on hospitalization was documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaneen Akbar Omer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
- Nazaneen Akbar Omer, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani Nwe, 0046 Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
| | | | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
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Shibeeb S, Khan A. ABO blood group association and COVID-19. COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: a review. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022; 44:70-75. [PMID: 34541459 PMCID: PMC8437766 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been affecting the health and economic, as well as social, life of the entire globe since the end of 2019. The virus causes COVID-19, with a wide range of symptoms among the infected individuals, from asymptomatic infection to mortality. This, along with a high infection rate, prompted efforts to investigate the potential mechanisms of the different clinical manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-2 among the infected populations. HYPOTHESIS One of the possible mechanisms that has been reported is the ABO blood system polymorphism. Indeed, one of the major proposed mechanisms is the presence of naturally occurring anti-A antibodies in individuals of groups O and B, which could be partially protective against SARS-CoV-2 virions. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD This article aimed to review the published data on the potential effect of the ABO blood group system on the susceptibility to COVID-19 and the disease progression and outcomes. RESULTS The reviewed data suggest that individuals of blood group A are at a higher risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and may develop severe COVID-19 outcomes, whereas blood group O is considered protective against the infection, to some extent. However, some of the available studies seem to have been influenced by unaccounted confounders and biases. CONCLUSION Therefore, further appropriately controlled studies are warranted to fully investigate the possible association between the ABO blood groups and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapha Shibeeb
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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Barry M, Alotaibi M, Almohaya A, Aldrees A, AlHijji A, Althabit N, Alhasani S, Akkielah L, AlRajhi A, Nouh T, Temsah MH, Al-Tawfiq JA. Factors associated with poor outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Experience from a MERS-CoV referral hospital. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1658-1665. [PMID: 34627061 PMCID: PMC8485705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of deaths, including more than 6000 deaths in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Identifying key predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality among infected cases would help in identifying individuals at risk to optimize their care. We aimed to determine factors of poor outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a large academic hospital in Riyadh, KSA that serves as a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) referral center. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients between March 15 and August 31, 2020. The study was conducted at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC). COVID-19 infection was confirmed using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-COV-2. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory, radiological features, and length of hospital stay were obtained. Poor outcomes were, admission to ICU, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and in-hospital all-cause mortality. RESULTS Out of 16,947 individuals tested in KSUMC, 3480 (20.5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and of those 743 patients (21%) were hospitalized. There were 62% males, 77% were younger than 65 years. Of all cases, 204 patients (28%) required ICU admission, 104 (14%) required IMV, and 117 (16%) died in hospital. In bivariate analysis, multiple factors were associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients. Further multivariate analysis revealed the following factors were associated with mortality: respiratory rate more than 24/min and systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg in the first 24h of presentation, lymphocyte count <1 × 109/L and aspartate transaminase level >37 units/L in the first 48 h of presentation, while a RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) value ≤24 was a predictor for IMV. CONCLUSION Variable factors were identified as predictors of different outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The only predictor of IMV was a low initial Ct values of SARS-CoV-2 PCR. The presence of tachypnea, hypotension, lymphopenia, and elevated AST in the first 48h of presentation were independently associated with mortality. This study provides possible independent predictors of mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation. The data may be helpful in the early identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients in areas endemic with MERS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muath Alotaibi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulellah Almohaya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Internal Medicine Department, Ad-Dariya Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab Aldrees
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlHijji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Althabit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alhasani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layan Akkielah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlRajhi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Nouh
- Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Critical Care Unit, Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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