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Ascierto PA, Grimaldi AM, Anderson AC, Bifulco C, Cochran A, Garbe C, Eggermont AM, Faries M, Ferrone S, Gershenwald JE, Gajewski TF, Halaban R, Hodi FS, Kefford R, Kirkwood JM, Larkin J, Leachman S, Maio M, Marais R, Masucci G, Melero I, Palmieri G, Puzanov I, Ribas A, Saenger Y, Schilling B, Seliger B, Stroncek D, Sullivan R, Testori A, Wang E, Ciliberto G, Mozzillo N, Marincola FM, Thurin M. Future perspectives in melanoma research: meeting report from the "Melanoma Bridge", Napoli, December 5th-8th 2013. J Transl Med 2014; 12:277. [PMID: 25348889 PMCID: PMC4232645 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fourth "Melanoma Bridge Meeting" took place in Naples, December 5 to 8th, 2013. The four topics discussed at this meeting were: Diagnosis and New Procedures, Molecular Advances and Combination Therapies, News in Immunotherapy, and Tumor Microenvironment and Biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Ascierto
- />Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Bifulco
- />Translational Molecular Pathology, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR USA
| | - Alistair Cochran
- />Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA USA
| | - Claus Garbe
- />Center for Dermato Oncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Mark Faries
- />Donald L. Morton Melanoma Research Program, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- />Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- />Departments of Medicine and of Pathology, Immunology and Cancer Program, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ruth Halaban
- />Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Richard Kefford
- />Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute and Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - John M Kirkwood
- />Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Dermatology, and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Melanoma Program of the Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - James Larkin
- />Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sancy Leachman
- />Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Michele Maio
- />Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | - Richard Marais
- />Molecular Oncology Group, The Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - Giuseppe Masucci
- />Department of Oncology-Pathology, The Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ignacio Melero
- />Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- />Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Igor Puzanov
- />Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- />Tumor Immunology Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yvonne Saenger
- />Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Bastian Schilling
- />Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- />German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- />Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - David Stroncek
- />Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ryan Sullivan
- />Center for Melanoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Ena Wang
- />Division Chief of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nicola Mozzillo
- />Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Magdalena Thurin
- />Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
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Abstract
Insufficient pharmacokinetic properties and poor cellular uptake are the main hurdles for successful therapeutic development of oligonucleotide agents. The covalent attachment of various ligands designed to influence the biodistribution and cellular uptake or for targeting specific tissues is an attractive possibility to advance therapeutic applications and to expand development options. In contrast to advanced formulations, which often consist of multiple reagents and are sensitive to a variety of preparation conditions, oligonucleotide conjugates are defined molecules, enabling structure-based analytics and quality control techniques. This review gives an overview of current developments of oligonucleotide conjugates for therapeutic applications. Attached ligands comprise peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, aptamers and small molecules, including cholesterol, tocopherol and folic acid. Important linkage types and conjugation methods are summarized. The distinct ligands directly influence biochemical parameters, uptake mechanisms and pharmacokinetic properties.
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