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Khan N, Shah M, Malik MO, Badshah H, Habib SH, Shah I, Shah FA. The effects of tobacco and cannabis use on semen and endocrine parameters in infertile males. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:564-572. [PMID: 34583622 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1969042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Substances such as tobacco and cannabis can negatively modulate seminal parameters and sex hormones and lead to fertility problems in males. The present study aimed to determine the effect of cigarettes, dipping tobacco, and cannabis on semen parameters and sex hormones in infertile males. A total of 160 infertile healthy participants (cigarette smokers n = 40, dipping tobacco users n = 40, cannabis users n = 40 and infertile controls n = 40) were included in the study. Fasting blood samples were collected from all the participants using the aseptic technique, and semen samples were collected by masturbation following sexual abstinence of 2-7 days. The levels of serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined using ELISA. The serum level of FSH was significantly higher in cannabis users relative to the control group (p = 0.043). A mild non-significant decrease in sperm count, serum LH and testosterone levels were observed in all drug users compared to controls. In conclusion, chronic use of tobacco and cannabis mildly modulates semen and hormonal parameters in infertile males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawabzada Khan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shah
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Omar Malik
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Badshah
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hamid Habib
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Inayat Shah
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Gryzinski GM, Bernie HL. Testosterone deficiency and the aging male. Int J Impot Res 2022; 34:630-634. [PMID: 35393533 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency (TD), also known as male hypogonadism, is a complex syndrome encompassing physical, biochemical, and social aspects that increasingly affects the aging population. TD has been analyzed over recent decades, with an enhanced focus on etiologies relating to aging males. There is debate whether testosterone decline leading to hypogonadism is directly and primarily related to age-specific processes or if it is the subsequent result of accumulating comorbidities throughout a lifetime. Several studies have been done to further characterize this distinction. Chronic comorbidities that have commonly been associated with TD include hypertension (HTN), cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and tobacco use. Although clear associations between hypogonadism and aging have been biochemically demonstrated, many large studies have illustrated the concomitant effects of highly prevalent chronic diseases and social behaviors in aging men. Given the significant impact of hypogonadism on the physical and mental health of men, this paper aims to delve into these studies and further define the complex relationship of testosterone deficiency in the aging male.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen L Bernie
- Department of Urology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Ashoub AH, Abdel-Naby DH, Safar MM, El-Ghazaly MA, Kenawy SA. Ameliorative effect of fractionated low-dose gamma radiation in combination with ellagic acid on nicotine-induced hormonal changes and testicular toxicity in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:23287-23300. [PMID: 33443739 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is an active pharmacological ingredient in cigarette smoke, which may negatively influence the male reproductive system and fertility. This study aims to investigate the effect of fractionated low-dose radiation (fractionated-LDR) and/or ellagic acid (EA) on nicotine-induced hormonal changes and testicular toxicity in rats. Nicotine was administrated orally (1 mg/kg) for 30 days, afterward, rats were treated with LDR (2 × 0.25 Gy/1-week interval), EA (10 mg/kg, 14 consecutive days p.o.), or a combination of both fractionated-LDR and EA. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose of treatment, then testes were dissected for histopathology examination, along with some biochemical parameters in serum and testicular tissue were evaluated. Nicotine-induced oxidative stress was evidenced by an increase in testicular thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Additionally, the activities of testicular androgenic enzymes were decreased, and the activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased. The hormonal changes were verified by a noticeable reduction in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone serum levels. Histological evaluation revealed that the testicular seminiferous tubules structure was distorted. On the contrary, fractionated-LDR plus EA attenuated the negative changes caused by nicotine observed through biochemical and histological findings. Accordingly, the exposure to fractionated-LDR combined with EA may be a promising candidate for treating hormonal changes and testicular toxicity caused by nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa H Ashoub
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Abdel-Naby
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road, El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A Kenawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt.
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Liu Q, Peng X, Gu Y, Shang X, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zuo L, Mei G, Xiong C, Li H, Kong X. Associations between smoking, sex hormone levels and late-onset hypogonadism in men differ depending on age. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5226-5237. [PMID: 33535188 PMCID: PMC7950239 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated whether associations between smoking, sex hormone levels, and symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) in men are affected by age. This multi-center, cross-sectional study involving 6,296 men aged 40-79 years was conducted between June 1, 2013 and August 31, 2016 in 6 provinces of China. Total testosterone, free testosterone, and Aging Males’ Symptoms scale (AMS) scores were compared depending on smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked. Total testosterone was higher in smokers than in non-smokers in all except the 70-79 year old subgroup. Free testosterone was higher in smokers than non-smokers for the 40-49 and 50-59 year old subgroups, but not the 60-69 and 70-79 year old subgroups. Total testosterone was positively associated with number of cigarettes consumed in smokers aged 40-49 and 50-59 years. Sexual and somatic AMS scores were higher in current and ex-smokers than in non-smokers in all age subgroups from 40 to 79 years and were negatively associated with cigarette consumption in smokers aged 40-49 years. These results indicate that, as men age, the positive association between smoking and testosterone weakens, while the positive association between smoking and LOH symptoms becomes stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangchi Peng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yiqun Gu
- National Health and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Andrology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan 563000, China
| | - Liandong Zuo
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guangan Mei
- Technical Guidance Institute of Shanxi Province Family Planning Commission, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan 563000, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan 563000, China
| | - Xiangbin Kong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Vieyra-Valdez E, Linares-Culebro R, Rosas-Gavilán G, Ramírez-Hernández D, Domínguez-Casalá R, Morales-Ledesma L. Roles of the cholinergic system and vagal innervation in the regulation of GnRH secretion and ovulation: Experimental evidence. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:129-138. [PMID: 32966849 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction is the biological process that sustains life. It is regulated by a neuro-hormonal mechanism that is synchronized by the interaction among the hypothalamus, hypophysis, and ovaries. Ovulation is regulated by the secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the release of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In addition to these neuroendocrine signals, other signals originating from the central nervous system, hypophysis, thyroid, adrenal glands, and the ovary itself are also involved. One of the neurotransmission systems involved in the regulation of ovulation is the cholinergic system, which not only participates in the regulation of reproductive functions but also modulates motor coordination, thermoregulation, and cognitive function. In mammals, the vagus nerve is one of the pathways through which acetylcholine reaches the ovary, and this pathway also participates in the regulation of ovulation. However, this regulation depends on the age of the animal (prepubertal or adult) and its endocrine status. The present review analyzes evidence of the roles of the central and peripheral cholinergic system and vagal innervation in the regulation of GnRH secretion and ovulation as well as their roles in the development and persistence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vieyra-Valdez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México City, Mexico; Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Laboratorio de Investigación en Cronobiología y Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México City, Mexico.
| | - Rosa Linares-Culebro
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México City, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Rosas-Gavilán
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México City, Mexico.
| | - Deyra Ramírez-Hernández
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Campus III, UNAM, CP90640, San Miguel Contla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Domínguez-Casalá
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Laboratorio de Investigación en Cronobiología y Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México City, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México City, Mexico.
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Miranda-Spooner M, Paccola CC, Neves FMO, de Oliva SU, Miraglia S. Late reproductive analysis in rat male offspring exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and lactation. Andrology 2016; 4:218-31. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Miranda-Spooner
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - C. C. Paccola
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - F. M. O. Neves
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - S. U. de Oliva
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - S. M. Miraglia
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology; Department of Morphology and Genetics; Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP; Sao Paulo Brazil
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Davis EM, Peck JD, Peck BM, Kaplan HB. Associations between early alcohol and tobacco use and prolonged time to puberty in boys. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:459-66. [PMID: 24865813 PMCID: PMC4246021 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between prepubertal alcohol and tobacco use and delayed pubertal characteristics in girls. Although, laboratory research indicates that alcohol and tobacco use inhibits sexual maturation in male rats, human research in this area is lacking. To address this question among boys, we conducted a study to explore the association between early use of alcohol and tobacco and time to development of secondary sexual characteristics. METHODS The study population included 3199 boys interviewed between the ages of 11 and 21. Participants reported the ages at which they first experienced body hair growth, deepening of the voice and facial hair growth. Early alcohol and tobacco use were defined as first use preceding the age of pubertal development among those reporting regular consumption patterns. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Early alcohol use was associated with longer time to body hair growth (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.69-0.87), voice changes (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64-0.82) and facial hair growth (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.68-0.86), after adjusting for tobacco use and age at interview. Tobacco use was not independently associated with the puberty indicators after controlling for alcohol use and age at interview. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that alcohol may inhibit puberty onset in boys, an association that has been previously observed among young girls. Thus, alcohol may be an exposure deserving more scrutiny as a disruptor to normal pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Davis
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jennifer David Peck
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - B. Mitchell Peck
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Sociology, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Howard B. Kaplan
- Texas A&M University, Department of Sociology, College Station, TX 77843
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Blanco-Muñoz J, Lacasaña M, Aguilar-Garduño C. Effect of current tobacco consumption on the male reproductive hormone profile. Sci Total Environ 2012; 426:100-105. [PMID: 22534361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about the effect of cigarette smoking on the male reproductive function is still limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between active exposure to tobacco smoke and the male reproductive hormone profile in a group of 136 Mexican flower growers. Serum levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, total testosterone, Inhibin B and estradiol were measured using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Weight and height were also measured and a structured questionnaire was applied to get information on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and work history and alcohol and tobacco consumption (current smoking habit and number of cigarettes smoked per day). Based on this information tobacco consumption was divided into four categories: never-smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers under five cigarettes/day and current smokers over or equal to five cigarettes/day. Using the group of never-smokers as reference and after adjusting for potential confounders, current smokers of five or more cigarettes/day showed significantly higher levels of LH (β=0.33, p=0.01), prolactin (β=0.18, p=0.03) and testosterone (β=0.21, p=0.02). Current smokers of less than five cigarettes/day also showed higher levels of prolactin (β=0.12, p=0.03) and testosterone (β=0.18, p<0.01). Hormone levels of ex-smokers were similar to those of never-smokers. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that tobacco consumption may act as an endocrine disruptor on the male hormone profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blanco-Muñoz
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México (INSP) (National Institute of Public Health of México), Av, Universidad 655, Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Mitra A, Chakraborty B, Mukhopadhay D, Pal M, Mukherjee S, Banerjee S, Chaudhuri K. Effect of smoking on semen quality, FSH, testosterone level, and CAG repeat length in androgen receptor gene of infertile men in an Indian city. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2012; 58:255-62. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2012.684195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jana K, Samanta PK, De DK. Nicotine Diminishes Testicular Gametogenesis, Steroidogenesis, and Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Expression in Adult Albino Rats: Possible Influence on Pituitary Gonadotropins and Alteration of Testicular Antioxidant Status. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:647-59. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Tomao E, Tomei G, Rosati MV, Caciari T, Danese D, Gamberale D, Vacca D, Palermo P, Anzelmo V, Tomei F. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in male workers exposed to urban stressors. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:4591-4595. [PMID: 19477485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate if occupational exposure to urban stressors could cause alterations in luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma levels in male traffic policemen vs. administrative staff of Municipal Police.After excluding the subjects with the main confounding factors, male traffic police and administrative staff of Municipal Police were matched by age, working life, body mass index (BMI), alcohol drinking habit, cigarette smoking habit and habitual consumption of Italian coffee.In 166 male traffic police mean LH values were significantly higher compared to 166 male administrative employees. The distribution of LH values in traffic police and in administrative employees was statistically significant.Our results suggest that recent exposure to urban stressors (chemical, physical and psycho-social) can alter the plasma concentration of LH. In agreement with our previous research, levels of plasma LH may be used as early biological markers, valuable for the group, used in occupational set before the appearance of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tomao
- General Office for Military Health-Defence General Staff, Rome, Italy
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12
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Cupisti S, Häberle L, Dittrich R, Oppelt PG, Reissmann C, Kronawitter D, Beckmann MW, Mueller A. Smoking is associated with increased free testosterone and fasting insulin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, resulting in aggravated insulin resistance. Fertil Steril 2009; 94:673-7. [PMID: 19394003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of smoking on endocrine, metabolic, and clinical parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Cohort analysis. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) 346 women with PCOS, including 98 smokers and 248 nonsmokers. INTERVENTION(S) Screening panel, including physical examination, weight and height measurement, and ultrasound examination of the ovaries, and hormone and insulin measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Clinical, metabolic, and endocrine parameters, oral glucose tolerance test, calculation of insulin resistance indexes. RESULT(S) In women with PCOS, smoking was associated with statistically significantly increased levels of fasting insulin and calculated free testosterone (cFT) and with a raised free androgen index (FAI) score, which resulted in aggravated scores on the homeostatic model for assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). However, no differences were observed between the smoking and nonsmoking groups with regard to the clinical parameters for hirsutism, acne, ovulatory function (classified as eumenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea), or polycystic ovaries using the ultrasound criteria recommended according to the Rotterdam definition. CONCLUSION(S) In women with PCOS, smoking is associated with increased free testosterone and fasting insulin levels, resulting in aggravated insulin resistance. However, there were no differences between smokers and nonsmokers when clinical parameters were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Cupisti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Solov’ev VB, Gengin MT. Effect of nicotine on the activity of basic carboxypeptidases in rat brain regions and adrenal glands. NEUROCHEM J+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712408040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventionally, little attention has been given to the association of risk factors and medical comorbidities with male sexual dysfunctions. Although that association has been recently shown in many studies, it is not yet well investigated in the Saudi community. AIM To investigate the association of risk factors and medical comorbidities with male sexual dysfunctions in the Saudi community. METHODS A total of 1,464 male patients with a clinical diagnosis of sexual dysfunctions were enrolled in this study. All patients were assessed for sexual functions using different domains of the International Index for Erectile Function. Patients were also interviewed for sociodemographic data, medical history, and risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED). Routine laboratory investigations, plus total testosterone and prolactin assessments, were offered to all patients. Assessments of penile vasculature using Doppler ultrasonography and rigidometer were performed. RESULTS A total of 92.6% of the patients had ED, 50.8% had premature ejaculation (PE), and 7.6% had low sexual desire. There was a significant association between increased age and increased severity of ED. In total, 20% had psychogenic cause, whereas 80% had organic cause of ED. Of the patients, 10.2% had mild, 41% had moderate, and 48.8% had severe ED. There were significant associations between endocrinopathy and both low sexual desire and PE (P < 0.05). There were significant associations between increased severity of ED and presence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and psychological disorders. There were significant associations between increased severity of ED and increased values of end diastolic velocity, decreased values of peak systolic velocity, resistive index, rigidometer, and decreased response to intracavernosal injection (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study provides an assessment of the association of risk factors and medical comorbidities with male sexual dysfunctions in ambulatory service in this community.
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Lambert-Messerlian GM, Harlow BL. The influence of depression, body mass index, and smoking on serum inhibin B levels in late reproductive-aged women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:1496-500. [PMID: 16449329 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Women experiencing depression have difficult psychosocial functioning, and recent data suggest an earlier onset of menopause. Understanding the biological mechanism for the impairment of reproductive function associated with depression is important. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether a lifetime history of depression is associated with reduced ovarian reserve as reflected in serum levels of the granulosa cell product, inhibin B. DESIGN Residual serum samples from a subset of patients in the Harvard Study of Cycles and Moods were collected. SETTING Patients were recruited from seven Boston-area communities. PATIENTS Women with or without a history of major depression, based on structured clinical interviews for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, were enrolled. A subset of patients who had provided an early follicular phase blood specimen at study enrollment and two or more other samples over the first 18-month period of follow-up were included. INTERVENTION There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Serum inhibin B levels were measured. RESULTS Serum FSH levels were higher in women with a history of depression, whereas inhibin B levels did not differ between groups. Body mass index and age were significantly and inversely related to serum inhibin B levels. Smoking history was noted, for the first time, to have a significant negative association with inhibin B levels. CONCLUSIONS Smoking has a direct negative effect on ovarian reserve, as suggested by decreased serum inhibin B levels. In contrast, effects of depression on the reproductive axis may occur at the level of the pituitary and/or hypothalamus rather than at the gonadal level, as suggested by increased serum FSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Lambert-Messerlian
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Prenatal and Special Testing, Women and Infants Hospital, 70 Elm Street Suite 2, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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