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Richter S, Bechmann N. Patient Sex and Origin Influence Distribution of Driver Genes and Clinical Presentation of Paraganglioma. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae038. [PMID: 38481600 PMCID: PMC10928507 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Sexual and ancestral differences in driver gene prevalence have been described in many cancers but have not yet been investigated in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). Objective This study aims to assess whether sex and ancestry influence prevalence of PPGL driver genes and clinical presentation. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with PPGL considering studies from 2010 onwards that included minimal data of type of disease, sex, mutated gene, and country of origin. Additional features were recorded when available (age, tumor location, bilateral or multifocal, somatic or germline, and metastatic disease). Results We included 2162 patients: 877 in Europe and 757 in Asia. Males presented more often with germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in genes activating hypoxia pathways (P = .0006) and had more often sympathetic paragangliomas (P = .0005) and metastasis (P = .0039). On the other hand, females with PPGLs due to MAX PVs were diagnosed later than males (P = .0378) and more often developed metastasis (P = .0497). European but not Asian females presented more often with PPGLs due to PVs in genes related to kinase signaling (P = .0052), particularly RET and TMEM127. Contrary to experiences from Europe, Asian patients with PPGL due to PVs in kinase signaling genes NF1, HRAS, and FGFR1 showed a high proportion of sympathetic tumors, while European patients almost exclusively had adrenal tumors (P < .005). Conclusion Personalized management of patients with PPGL might benefit from considering sexual and ancestral differences. Further studies with better clinically aligned cohorts from various origins are required to better dissect ancestral influences on PPGL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Richter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Singh P, Rajput M, Pandey M. Tumor hypoxia and role of hypoxia-inducible factor in oral cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:18. [PMID: 38200568 PMCID: PMC10782715 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in Asian males with a poor prognosis. Apart from well-known prognostic indicators, markers of tumor hypoxia can help us predict response to treatment and survival. METHODS A review of the literature on the present evidence and potential clinical importance of tumor hypoxia in head and neck cancer was carried out. The data obtained from the literature search is presented as a narrative review. RESULTS The literature shows possible associations between prognosis and low tumor oxygenation. Intermediate hypoxia biomarkers like HIF-1, GLUT-1, miRNA, and lactate, can help in predicting the response to therapy and survival as their altered expression is related to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia is common in HNC and can be detected by use of biomarkers. The tumors that show expression of hypoxia biomarkers have poor prognosis except for patients with human papilloma virus-associated or VHL-associated cancers. Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia is emerging; however, it is still in its nascent stage, with increasing clinical trials hypoxia is set to emerge as an attractive therapeutic target in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Monika Rajput
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manoj Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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3
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Celada L, Cubiella T, San-Juan-Guardado J, San José Martínez A, Valdés N, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Díaz I, Enguita JM, Astudillo A, Álvarez-González E, Sierra LM, Chiara MD. Differential HIF2α Protein Expression in Human Carotid Body and Adrenal Medulla under Physiologic and Tumorigenic Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2986. [PMID: 35740651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) 2α and 1α are the major oxygen-sensing molecules in eukaryotic cells. HIF2α has been pathogenically linked to paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma (PPGL) arising in sympathetic paraganglia or the adrenal medulla (AM), respectively. However, its involvement in the pathogenesis of paraganglioma arising in the carotid body (CB) or other parasympathetic ganglia in the head and neck (HNPGL) remains to be defined. Here, we retrospectively analyzed HIF2α by immunohistochemistry in 62 PPGL/HNPGL and human CB and AM, and comprehensively evaluated the HIF-related transcriptome of 202 published PPGL/HNPGL. We report that HIF2α is barely detected in the AM, but accumulates at high levels in PPGL, mostly (but not exclusively) in those with loss-of-function mutations in VHL and genes encoding components of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex. This is associated with upregulation of EPAS1 and the HIF2α-regulated genes COX4I2 and ADORA2A. In contrast, HIF2α and HIF2α-regulated genes are highly expressed in CB and HNPGL, irrespective of VHL and SDH dysfunctions. We also found that HIF2α and HIF1α protein expressions are not correlated in PPGL nor HNPGL. In addition, HIF1α-target genes are almost exclusively overexpressed in VHL-mutated HNPGL/PPGL. Collectively, the data suggest that involvement of HIF2α in the physiology and tumor pathology of human paraganglia is organ-of-origin-dependent and HIF1α-independent.
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Watts D, Jaykar MT, Bechmann N, Wielockx B. Hypoxia signaling pathway: A central mediator in endocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1103075. [PMID: 36699028 PMCID: PMC9868855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate oxygen levels are essential for the functioning and maintenance of biological processes in virtually every cell, albeit based on specific need. Thus, any change in oxygen pressure leads to modulated activation of the hypoxia pathway, which affects numerous physiological and pathological processes, including hematopoiesis, inflammation, and tumor development. The Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) are essential transcription factors and the driving force of the hypoxia pathway; whereas, their inhibitors, HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHDs) proteins are the true oxygen sensors that critically regulate this response. Recently, we and others have described the central role of the PHD/HIF axis in various compartments of the adrenal gland and its potential influence in associated tumors, including pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent findings on the hypoxia signaling pathway in vivo, including its role in the endocrine system, especially in adrenal tumors.
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Snezhkina AV, Kalinin DV, Pavlov VS, Lukyanova EN, Golovyuk AL, Fedorova MS, Pudova EA, Savvateeva MV, Stepanov OA, Poloznikov AA, Demidova TB, Melnikova NV, Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS, Kudryavtseva AV. Immunohistochemistry and Mutation Analysis of SDHx Genes in Carotid Paragangliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6950. [PMID: 32971818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid paragangliomas (CPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors often associated with mutations in SDHx genes. The immunohistochemistry of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits has been considered a useful instrument for the prediction of SDHx mutations in paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas. We compared the mutation status of SDHx genes with the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of SDH subunits in CPGLs. To identify pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in SDHx genes, exome sequencing data analysis among 42 CPGL patients was performed. IHC staining of SDH subunits was carried out for all CPGLs studied. We encountered SDHx variants in 38% (16/42) of the cases in SDHx genes. IHC showed negative (5/15) or weak diffuse (10/15) SDHB staining in most tumors with variants in any of SDHx (94%, 15/16). In SDHA-mutated CPGL, SDHA expression was completely absent and weak diffuse SDHB staining was detected. Positive immunoreactivity for all SDH subunits was found in one case with a variant in SDHD. Notably, CPGL samples without variants in SDHx also demonstrated negative (2/11) or weak diffuse (9/11) SDHB staining (42%, 11/26). Obtained results indicate that SDH immunohistochemistry does not fully reflect the presence of mutations in the genes; diagnostic effectiveness of this method was 71%. However, given the high sensitivity of SDHB immunohistochemistry, it could be used for initial identifications of patients potentially carrying SDHx mutations for recommendation of genetic testing.
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Bernardo-Castiñeira C, Valdés N, Celada L, Martinez ASJ, Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Bayón GF, Fernández AF, Sierra MI, Fraga MF, Astudillo A, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Rial JC, Hevia MÁ, Turienzo E, Bernardo C, Forga L, Tena I, Molina-Garrido MJ, Cacho L, Villabona C, Serrano T, Scola B, Chirivella I, Del Olmo M, Menéndez CL, Navarro E, Tous M, Vallejo A, Athimulam S, Bancos I, Suarez C, Chiara MD. Epigenetic Deregulation of Protocadherin PCDHGC3 in Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas Associated With SDHB Mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5673-5692. [PMID: 31216007 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT SDHB mutations are found in an increasing number of neoplasms, most notably in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGLs). SDHB-PPGLs are slow-growing tumors, but ∼50% of them may develop metastasis. The molecular basis of metastasis in these tumors is a long-standing and unresolved problem. Thus, a better understanding of the biology of metastasis is needed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify gene methylation changes relevant for metastatic SDHB-PPGLs. DESIGN We performed genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation in diverse clinical and genetic PPGL subtypes, and validated protocadherin γ-C3 (PCDHGC3) gene promoter methylation in metastatic SDHB-PPGLs. RESULTS We define an epigenetic landscape specific for metastatic SDHB-PPGLs. DNA methylation levels were found significantly higher in metastatic SDHB-PPGLs than in SDHB-PPGLs without metastases. One such change included long-range de novo methylation of the PCDHA, PCDHB, and PCDHG gene clusters. High levels of PCDHGC3 promoter methylation were validated in primary metastatic SDHB-PPGLs, it was found amplified in the corresponding metastases, and it was significantly correlated with PCDHGC3 reduced expression. Interestingly, this epigenetic alteration could be detected in primary tumors that developed metastasis several years later. We also show that PCDHGC3 down regulation engages metastasis-initiating capabilities by promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a map of the DNA methylome episignature specific to an SDHB-mutated cancer and establish PCDHGC3 as a putative suppressor gene and a potential biomarker to identify patients with SDHB-mutated cancer at high risk of metastasis who might benefit from future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Bernardo-Castiñeira
- Head and Neck Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Valdés
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Celada
- Head and Neck Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - I Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Head and Neck Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gustavo F Bayón
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta I Sierra
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Jiménez-Fonseca
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Service of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rial
- Service of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Hevia
- Service of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Service of Urology Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Estrella Turienzo
- Service of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Bernardo
- Service of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lluis Forga
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isabel Tena
- Service of Medical Oncology, Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Laura Cacho
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carles Villabona
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Serrano
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Scola
- Service of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Chirivella
- Unit of Genetic Counsel in Cancer, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maribel Del Olmo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Elena Navarro
- Service of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - María Tous
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Vallejo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica of Pathology, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Shobana Athimulam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Irina Bancos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carlos Suarez
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chiara
- Head and Neck Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Oviedo, Spain
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Liu Y, Liu L, Zhu F. Therapies targeting the signal pathways of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7227-7241. [PMID: 31564906 PMCID: PMC6732510 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PCC/PGL) are rare tumors that originate from adrenal or extra-adrenal chromaffin cells. A significant clinical manifestation of PCC/PGL is that the tumors release a large number of catecholamines continuously or intermittently, causing persistent or paroxysmal hypertension and multiple organ functions and metabolic disorders. Though majority of the tumors are non-metastatic, about 10% are metastatic tumors. Others even have estimated that the rate of metastasis may be as high as 26%. The disease is most common in individuals ranging from 20 to 50 years old and the age of onset strongly depends on the genetic background: patients with germline mutations in susceptible genes have an earlier presentation. Besides, there are no significant differences in the incidence between men and women. At present, traditional treatments, such as surgical treatment, radionuclide therapy, and chemotherapy are still prior choices. However, they all have several deficiencies so that the effects are not extremely significant. Contemporary studies have shown that hypoxia-associated signal pathway, associated with the cluster 1 genes of PCC/PGL, and increased kinase signal pathways, associated with the cluster 2 genes of PCC/PGL, are the two major pathways involving the molecular pathogenesis of PCC/PGL, indicating that PCC/PGL can be treated with targeted therapies in emerging trends. This article reviews the progress of molecular-targeted therapies for PCC/PGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feizhou Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Pang Y, Liu Y, Pacak K, Yang C. Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: From Genetic Diversity to Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E436. [PMID: 30925729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PCPGs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the chromaffin tissue of adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia. Although metastatic PCPGs account for only 10% of clinical cases, morbidity and mortality are high because of the uncontrollable mass effect and catecholamine level generated by these tumors. Despite our expanding knowledge of PCPG genetics, the clinical options to effectively suppress PCPG progression remain limited. Several recent translational studies revealed that PCPGs with different molecular subtypes exhibit distinctive oncogenic pathways and spectrum of therapy resistance. This suggests that therapeutics can be adjusted based on the signature molecular and metabolic pathways of PCPGs. In this review, we summarized the latest findings on PCPG genetics, novel therapeutic targets, and perspectives for future personalized medicine.
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Bernardo-Castiñeira C, Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Valdés N, Astudillo A, Balbín M, Pitiot AS, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Scola B, Tena I, Molina-Garrido MJ, Sevilla MA, Beristein E, Forga L, Villabona C, Oriola J, Halperin I, Suarez C, Chiara MD. Clinical significance and peculiarities of succinate dehydrogenase B and hypoxia inducible factor 1α expression in parasympathetic versus sympathetic paragangliomas. Head Neck 2018; 41:79-91. [PMID: 30549360 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) immunohistochemistry was considered a valuable tool to identify patients with inherited paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC). However, previous studies jointly analyzed 2 related but clinically distinct entities, parasympathetic head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) and sympathetic PCCs/PGLs. Additionally, a role for hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as a biomarker for succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx)-mutated tumors has not been studied. Here, we evaluated the utility of SDHB/HIF-1α proteins in HNPGLs and PCCs/PGLs as clinically useful biomarkers. METHODS The SDHB/succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA)/HIF-1α immunohistochemistry analysis was performed in 158 genetically defined patients. RESULTS Similarly to PCCs/PGLs, SDHB immune-negativity correlated with SDHx-mutations in HNPGLs (P < .0001). The HIF-1α stabilization was associated with SDHx-mutations in HNPGLs (P = .020), not in PCCs/PGLs (P = .319). However, 25% of SDHx-HNPGLs lacked HIF-1α positive cells. CONCLUSION As in PCCs/PGLs, SDHB immunohistochemistry in HNPGLs is a valuable method for identification of candidates for SDHx-genetic testing. On the contrary, although SDHx mutations may favor HIF-1α stabilization in HNPGLs, this is not a clinically useful biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Bernardo-Castiñeira
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), CIBERONC, Hospital Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inés Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), CIBERONC, Hospital Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Valdés
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Milagros Balbín
- Service of Molecular Oncology, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana S Pitiot
- Service of Molecular Oncology, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Bartolomé Scola
- Service of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Tena
- Service of Medical Oncology, Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Beristein
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Lluís Forga
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carles Villabona
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Halperin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Suarez
- Service of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chiara
- Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), CIBERONC, Hospital Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Zhikrivetskaya SO, Snezhkina AV, Zaretsky AR, Alekseev BY, Pokrovsky AV, Golovyuk AL, Melnikova NV, Stepanov OA, Kalinin DV, Moskalev AA, Krasnov GS, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV. Molecular markers of paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25756-25782. [PMID: 28187001 PMCID: PMC5421967 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas comprise rare tumors that arise from the extra-adrenal paraganglia, with an incidence of about 2 to 8 per million people each year. Approximately 40% of cases are due to genetic mutations in at least one out of more than 30 causative genes. About 2530% of pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas develop under the conditions of a hereditary tumor syndrome a third of which are caused by mutations in the VHL gene. Together, the gene mutations in this disorder have implicated multiple processes including signaling pathways, translation initiation, hypoxia regulation, protein synthesis, differentiation, survival, proliferation, and cell growth. The present review contemplates the mutations associated with the development of pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas and their potential to serve as specific markers of these tumors and their progression. These data will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumors and likely reveal certain features that may be useful for early diagnostics, malignancy prognostics, and the determination of new targets for disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew R Zaretsky
- M.M. Shemyakin - Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Nataliya V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg A Stepanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Merlo A, Bernardo-Castiñeira C, Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Pitiot AS, Balbín M, Astudillo A, Valdés N, Scola B, Del Toro R, Méndez-Ferrer S, Piruat JI, Suarez C, Chiara MD. Role of VHL, HIF1A and SDH on the expression of miR-210: Implications for tumoral pseudo-hypoxic fate. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6700-6717. [PMID: 28036268 PMCID: PMC5351664 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its microRNA target, miR-210, are candidate tumor-drivers of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Neuroendocrine neoplasms such as paragangliomas (PGLs) are particularly appealing for understanding the cancer metabolic adjustments because of their associations with deregulations of metabolic enzymes, such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene involved in HIF-1α stabilization. However, the role of miR-210 in the pathogenesis of SDH-related tumors remains an unmet challenge. Herein is described an in vivo genetic analysis of the role of VHL, HIF1A and SDH on miR-210 by using knockout murine models, siRNA gene silencing, and analyses of human tumors. HIF-1α knockout abolished hypoxia-induced miR-210 expression in vivo but did not alter its constitutive expression in paraganglia. Normoxic miR-210 levels substantially increased by complete, but not partial, VHL silencing in paraganglia of knockout VHL-mice and by over-expression of p76del-mutated pVHL. Similarly, VHL-mutated PGLs, not those with decreased VHL-gene/mRNA dosage, over-expressed miR-210 and accumulate HIF-1α in most tumor cells. Ablation of SDH activity in SDHD-null cell lines or reduction of the SDHD or SDHB protein levels elicited by siRNA-induced gene silencing did not induce miR-210 whereas the presence of SDH mutations in PGLs and tumor-derived cell lines was associated with mild increase of miR-210 and the presence of a heterogeneous, HIF-1α-positive and HIF-1α-negative, tumor cell population. Thus, activation of HIF-1α is likely an early event in VHL-defective PGLs directly linked to VHL mutations, but it is a late event favored but not directly triggered by SDHx mutations. This combined analysis provides insights into the mechanisms of HIF-1α/miR-210 regulation in normal and tumor tissues potentially useful for understanding the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases sharing similar underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merlo
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Bernardo-Castiñeira
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inés Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana S Pitiot
- Service of Molecular Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Milagros Balbín
- Service of Molecular Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Valdés
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Scola
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Toro
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiopahology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK
| | - José I Piruat
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiopahology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Suarez
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chiara
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
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12
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Fliedner SMJ, Brabant G, Lehnert H. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: genotype versus anatomic location as determinants of tumor phenotype. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:347-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Bernardo-Castiñeira C, Valdés N, Sierra MI, Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Bayón GF, Perez RF, Fernández AF, Fraga MF, Astudillo A, Menéndez R, Fernández B, Del Olmo M, Suarez C, Chiara MD. SDHC Promoter Methylation, a Novel Pathogenic Mechanism in Parasympathetic Paragangliomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:295-305. [PMID: 29126304 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase A, B, C, and D genes (collectively, SDHx) predispose to the development of paragangliomas (PGLs) arising at the parasympathetic or sympathetic neuroendocrine systems. SDHx mutations cause absence of tumoral immunostaining for SDHB. However, negative SDHB immunostaining has also been found in a subset of PGLs that lack SDHx mutations. SETTINGS Here, we report the comprehensive molecular characterization of one such a tumor of parasympathetic origin compared with healthy paraganglia and other PGLs with or without SDHx mutations. RESULTS Integration of multiplatform data revealed somatic SDHC methylation and loss of the 1q23.3 region containing the SDHC gene. This correlated with decreased SDHC messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Furthermore, another genetic event found affected the VHL gene, which showed a decreased DNA copy number, associated with low VHL mRNA levels, and an absence of VHL protein detected by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the tumor displayed a pseudohypoxic phenotype consisting in overexpression of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and miR-210, as well as downregulation of the iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme (ISCU) involved in SDHB maturation. This profile resembles that of SDHx- or VHL-mutated PGLs but not of PGLs with decreased VHL copy number, pointing to SDHC rather than VHL as the pathogenic driver. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential importance of both the SDHC epigenomic event and the activation of the HIF-1α/miR-210/ISCU axis in the pathogenesis of SDHx wild-type/SDHB-negative PGLs. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a sporadic parasympathetic PGL that carries silencing of SDHC, fulfilling the two-hit Knudson's model for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Bernardo-Castiñeira
- Head and Neck Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Valdés
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta I Sierra
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inés Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Head and Neck Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gustavo F Bayón
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raúl F Perez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Menéndez
- Service of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belén Fernández
- Service of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maribel Del Olmo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario la Fé, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Suarez
- Head and Neck Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chiara
- Head and Neck Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
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14
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Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Bernardo-Castiñeira C, Secades P, Bernaldo-de-Quirós S, Rodrigo JP, Astudillo A, Chiara MD. Clinically relevant HIF-1α-dependent metabolic reprogramming in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas includes coordinated activation of CAIX and the miR-210/ISCU signaling axis, but not MCT1 and MCT4 upregulation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13730-46. [PMID: 28099149 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a very heterogeneous phenomenon in cancer. It mostly consists on increased glycolysis, lactic acid formation and extracellular acidification. These events have been associated to increased activity of the hypoxia inducible factor, HIF-1α. This study aimed at defining the metabolic program activated by HIF-1α in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and assessing its clinical impact. Global gene/miRNA expression was analyzed in SCC-derived cells exposed to hypoxia. Expression of HIF-1α, the carbonic anhydrase CAIX, and the lactate/H+ transporters MCT1 and MCT4 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 246 SCCs. Cell-based analysis revealed that HIF-1α-driven metabolic program includes over-expression of glycolytic enzymes and the microRNA miR-210 coupled to down-regulation of its target, the iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein, ISCU. pH-regulator program entailed over-expression of CAIX, but not MCT1 or MCT4. Accordingly, significant overlapping exists between over-expression of HIF-1α and CAIX, but not HIF-1α and MCT1 or MCT4, in tumor cells. Increased miR-210 and concomitant decreased ISCU RNA levels were found in ~40% of tumors and this was significantly associated with HIF-1α and CAIX, but not MCT1 or MCT4, over-expression. HIF-1α and/or CAIX over-expression was associated with high recurrence rate and low overall survival of surgically treated patients. By contrast, clinically significant correlations were not found in tumors with MCT1 or MCT4 over-expression. This is the first study that provides in vivo evidences of coordinated activation of HIF-1α, CAIX, miR-210 and ISCU in carcinoma and association with poor prognosis, a finding with important implications for the development of metabolic-targeting therapies against hypoxia.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small single-stranded noncoding RNAs with diverse biological functions. As a prototypical hypoxamir, human microRNA-210 (hsa-miR-210) is one of the most widely studied miRNAs thus far. In addition to its involvement in sophisticated regulation of numerous biological processes, miR-210 has also been shown to be associated with the development of different human diseases including various types of cancers, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and immunological diseases. Given its multi-faceted functions, miR-210 may serve as a novel and promising theranostic target for prevention and treatment of diseases. Areas covered: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of miR-210, the regulation of its expression, biological functions and molecular mechanisms, with particular emphasis on its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Expert opinion: Although the exact roles of miR-210 in various diseases have not been fully clarified, targeting miR-210 may be a promising therapeutic strategy. Further investigations are also needed to facilitate therapeutic-clinical applications of miR-210 in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Ren
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,c The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Yin-Guang Fan
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Chang-Hao Wu
- d Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Surrey , Guildford , UK
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health & Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
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Pillai S, Gopalan V, Smith RA, Lam AKY. Updates on the genetics and the clinical impacts on phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in the new era. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:190-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Baysal BE, Maher ER. 15 YEARS OF PARAGANGLIOMA: Genetics and mechanism of pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndromes characterized by germline SDHB and SDHD mutations. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:T71-82. [PMID: 26113606 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms that derive from small paraganglionic tissues which are located from skull base to the pelvic floor. Genetic predisposition plays an important role in development of PPGLs. Since the discovery of first mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase D (SDHD) gene, which encodes the smallest subunit of mitochondrial complex II (SDH), genetic studies have revealed a major role for mutations in SDH subunit genes, primarily in SDHB and SDHD, in predisposition to both familial and non-familial PPGLs. SDH-mutated PPGLs show robust expression of hypoxia induced genes, and genomic and histone hypermethylation. These effects occur in part through succinate-mediated inhibition of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. However, details of mechanisms by which SDH mutations activate hypoxic pathways and trigger subsequent neoplastic transformation remain poorly understood. Here, we present a brief review of the genetic and mechanistic aspects of SDH-mutated PPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora E Baysal
- Department of PathologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USADepartment of Medical GeneticsCambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of PathologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USADepartment of Medical GeneticsCambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Lai NS, Wu DG, Fang XG, Lin YC, Chen SS, Li ZB, Xu SS. Serum microRNA-210 as a potential noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1241-6. [PMID: 25756397 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-210 (miR-210) is an oncogenic miRNA previously associated with prognosis in human gliomas, an incurable tumour type of the central nervous system. Here miR-210 was investigated as a potential serum biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. METHODS Serum was immediately prepared from blood samples collected from patients with glioma grades I-IV at primary diagnosis (n=136) and healthy controls (n=50) from February 2007 to March 2014 in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Wuhu, China). Total RNA was isolated from serum. cDNA was synthesised with primers specific for miR-210 and miR-16-1 (internal control), and quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed. Results were statistically analysed to determine the role of miR-210 in the diagnosis and prognosis of human glioma patients. RESULTS An approximately seven-fold increase in miR-210 expression was detected in serum samples from glioblastoma patients relative to healthy controls. A threshold expression value (2.259) was chosen from receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC), and the low and high miR-210 expression groups were analysed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results revealed an association of high serum miR-210 expression with tumour grade and poor patient outcome (P-values <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum miR-210 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker that can be detected in the peripheral blood of patients with glioma.
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