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Sakai-Sakasai A, Takeda K, Suzuki H, Takeuchi M. Structures of Toxic Advanced Glycation End-Products Derived from Glyceraldehyde, A Sugar Metabolite. Biomolecules 2024; 14:202. [PMID: 38397439 PMCID: PMC10887030 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have recently been implicated in the onset/progression of lifestyle-related diseases (LSRDs); therefore, the suppression of AGE-induced effects may be used in both the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Various AGEs are produced by different biological pathways in the body. Glyceraldehyde (GA) is an intermediate of glucose and fructose metabolism, and GA-derived AGEs (GA-AGEs), cytotoxic compounds that accumulate and induce damage in mammalian cells, contribute to the onset/progression of LSRDs. The following GA-AGE structures have been detected to date: triosidines, GA-derived pyridinium compounds, GA-derived pyrrolopyridinium lysine dimers, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1, and argpyrimidine. GA-AGEs are a key contributor to the formation of toxic AGEs (TAGE) in many cells. The extracellular leakage of TAGE affects the surrounding cells via interactions with the receptor for AGEs. Elevated serum levels of TAGE, which trigger different types of cell damage, may be used as a novel biomarker for the prevention and early diagnosis of LSRDs as well as in evaluations of treatment efficacy. This review provides an overview of the structures of GA-AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sakai-Sakasai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan; (A.S.-S.); (K.T.)
- General Medicine Center, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeda
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan; (A.S.-S.); (K.T.)
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Suzuki
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan; (A.S.-S.); (K.T.)
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Takata T, Masauji T, Motoo Y. Potential of the Novel Slot Blot Method with a PVDF Membrane for Protein Identification and Quantification in Kampo Medicines. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:896. [PMID: 38132900 PMCID: PMC10745123 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Kampo is a Japanese traditional medicine modified from traditional Chinese medicine. Kampo medicines contain various traditional crude drugs with unknown compositions due to the presence of low-molecular-weight compounds and proteins. However, the proteins are generally rare and extracted with high-polarity solvents such as water, making their identification and quantification difficult. To develop methods for identifying and quantifying the proteins in Kampo medicines, in the current study we employ previous technology (e.g., column chromatography, electrophoresis, and membrane chromatography), focusing on membrane chromatography with a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. Moreover, we consider slot blot analysis based on the principle of membrane chromatography, which is beneficial for analyzing the proteins in Kampo medicines as the volume of the samples is not limited. In this article, we assess a novel slot blot method developed in 2017 and using a PVDF membrane and special lysis buffer to quantify advanced glycation end products-modified proteins against other slot blots. We consider our slot blot analysis superior for identifying and quantifying proteins in Kampo medicines compared with other methods as the data obtained with our novel slot blot can be shown with both error bars and the statistically significant difference, and our operation step is simpler than those of other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Takata
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Togen Masauji
- Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Yoshiharu Motoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Saiseikai Hospital, Wadanakacho 918-8503, Fukui, Japan
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Takata T. Is the Novel Slot Blot a Useful Method for Quantification of Intracellular Advanced Glycation End-Products? Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040564. [PMID: 37110222 PMCID: PMC10144988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been identified and studied. I have reported a novel slot blot analysis to quantify two types of AGEs, glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs, also called toxic AGEs (TAGE), and 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose AGEs. The traditional slot blot method has been used for the detection and quantification of RNA, DNA, and proteins since around 1980 and is one of the more commonly used analog technologies to date. However, the novel slot blot analysis has been used to quantify AGEs from 2017 to 2022. Its characteristics include (i) use of a lysis buffer containing tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane, urea, thiourea, and 3-[3-(cholamidopropyl)-dimetyl-ammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (a lysis buffer with a composition similar to that used in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics analysis); (ii) probing of AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (e.g., standard AGE aliquots); and (iii) use of polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. In this review, the previously used quantification methods of slot blot, western blot, immunostaining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization-MS, and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS are described. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of the novel slot blot compared to the above methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Takata
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
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Sakasai-Sakai A, Takeda K, Takeuchi M. Involvement of Intracellular TAGE and the TAGE-RAGE-ROS Axis in the Onset and Progression of NAFLD/NASH. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030748. [PMID: 36978995 PMCID: PMC10045097 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The repeated excessive intake of sugar, a factor that contributes to the onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to the chronic form of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), markedly increases the hepatocyte content of glyceraldehyde (GA), a glucose/fructose metabolic intermediate. Toxic advanced glycation end-products (toxic AGEs, TAGE) are synthesized by cross-linking reactions between the aldehyde group of GA and the amino group of proteins, and their accumulation has been implicated in the development of NAFLD/NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous findings not only showed that hepatocyte disorders were induced by the intracellular accumulation of TAGE, but they also indicated that extracellular leakage resulted in elevated TAGE concentrations in circulating fluids. Interactions between extracellular TAGE and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) affect intracellular signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which may, in turn, contribute to the pathological changes observed in NAFLD/NASH. RAGE plays a role in the effects of the extracellular leakage of TAGE on the surrounding cells, which ultimately promote the onset and progression of NAFLD/NASH. This review describes the relationships between intracellular TAGE levels and hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) damage as well as the TAGE-RAGE-ROS axis in hepatocytes, HSC, and HCC cells. The "TAGE theory" will provide novel insights for future research on NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sakasai-Sakai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeda
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Gao Q, Ma R, Shi L, Wang S, Liang Y, Zhang Z. Anti-glycation and anti-inflammatory activities of anthocyanins from purple vegetables. Food Funct 2023; 14:2034-2044. [PMID: 36723267 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03645b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins may be effective bioactive constituents to reduce the potential risk of chronic diseases induced by glycation and inflammation. In the present study, the anti-glycation and anti-inflammatory activities of anthocyanins derived from purple cabbage (PCA), purple sweet potato (PSP), purple corn (PCO) and gynura bicolor (GB) were evaluated. According to the results from the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fructose and BSA-methylglyoxal (MGO) model, the inhibition effects of anthocyanins on non-enzymatic glycosylation not only acted on the intermediate stage, but also played a certain role in the entire non-enzymatic glycosylation process, among which anthocyanins from PCA exhibited the best inhibitory effect. The anthocyanins from all four purple vegetables could trap MGO effectively (p > 0.05). The anthocyanins also presented a good inhibitory effect on amyloid beta peptide (Aβ)1-42 fibrillation, even better than that of aminoguanidine (AG), in a thermal induction assay. Furthermore, anthocyanins from PCA, PSP, PCO and GB showed significant anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factor (i.e., NO and TNF-α) production, among which the anthocyanins from PCA and PSP exhibited a higher inhibition effect than the others. This is probably due to the suppression of the TLR4-mediated MyD88 signaling pathway in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cells based on the western blot analysis. Anthocyanins from purple vegetables could be used as a value-added food ingredient for the food industry. Food fortification with anthocyanins might be a promising way to protect humans against various chronic diseases caused by glycation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Rong Ma
- College of agriculture and animal husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Shulin Wang
- College of agriculture and animal husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Takeuchi M, Sakasai-Sakai A, Takata T, Takino JI, Koriyama Y. Effects of Toxic AGEs (TAGE) on Human Health. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142178. [PMID: 35883620 PMCID: PMC9317028 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The habitual and excessive consumption of sugar (i.e., sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup, HFCS) is associated with the onset and progression of lifestyle-related diseases (LSRD). Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have recently been the focus of research on the factors contributing to LSRD. Approaches that inhibit the effects of AGEs may be used to prevent and/or treat LSRD; however, since the structures of AGEs vary depending on the type of reducing sugars or carbonyl compounds to which they respond, difficulties are associated with verifying that AGEs are an etiological factor. Cytotoxic AGEs derived from glyceraldehyde, a triose intermediate in the metabolism of glucose and fructose, have been implicated in LSRD and are called toxic AGEs (TAGE). A dietary imbalance (the habitual and excessive intake of sucrose, HFCS, or dietary AGEs) promotes the generation/accumulation of TAGE in vivo. Elevated circulating levels of TAGE have been detected in non-diabetics and diabetics, indicating a strong relationship between the generation/accumulation of TAGE in vivo and the onset and progression of LSRD. We herein outline current findings on “TAGE as a new target” for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-218-8456
| | - Akiko Sakasai-Sakai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Takanobu Takata
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Jun-ichi Takino
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure 737-0112, Hiroshima, Japan;
| | - Yoshiki Koriyama
- Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan;
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