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Ding F, Hu M, Ding Y, Meng Y, Zhao Y. Efficacy in bowel movement and change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipation patients treated with probiotics-containing products: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074557. [PMID: 38238054 PMCID: PMC10806726 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to pool the efficacy in bowel movement and explore the change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipated patients after probiotics-containing products treatment. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Cochrane Library for published studies and ClinicalTrials.gov for 'grey' researches were independently investigated for randomised controlled trials up to November 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The intervention was probiotics-containing product, either probiotics or synbiotics, while the control was placebo. The risk of bias was conducted. The efficacy in bowel movement was indicated by stool frequency, stool consistency and Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom (PAC-SYM), while the change of gut microbiota was reviewed through α diversity, β diversity, change/difference in relative abundance and so on. The subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and random-effect meta-regression were conducted to explore the heterogeneity. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation was conducted to grade the quality of evidence. RESULTS 17 studies, comprising 1256 participants, were included with perfect agreements between two researchers (kappa statistic=0.797). Compared with placebo, probiotics-containing products significantly increased the stool frequency (weighted mean difference, WMD 0.93, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.40, p=0.000, I²=84.5%, 'low'), improved the stool consistency (WMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.70, p=0.023, I²=81.6%, 'very low') and reduced the PAC-SYM (WMD -0.28, 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.11, p=0.001, I²=55.7%, 'very low'). In subgroup analysis, synbiotics was superior to probiotics to increase stool frequency. Probiotics-containing products might not affect α or β diversity, but would increase the relative abundance of specific strain. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics-containing products, significantly increased stool frequency, improved stool consistency, and alleviated functional constipation symptoms. They increased the relative abundance of specific strain. More high-quality head-to-head randomised controlled trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyang Hu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yifei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanchao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Baba Y, Saito Y, Kadowaki M, Azuma N, Tsuge D. Effect of Continuous Ingestion of Bifidobacteria and Inulin on Reducing Body Fat: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparison Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5025. [PMID: 38140284 PMCID: PMC10745352 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to have several positive health effects, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. It is known that combined intake of GCL2505 and inulin increases the total number of bifidobacteria compared with ingestion of GCL2505 alone. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to confirm that consumption of GCL2505 and inulin reduces abdominal fat (n = 120). Participants consumed a test beverage containing 1 × 1010 colony-forming units of GCL2505 per 100 g and 2.0 g of inulin per 100 g for 12 weeks. A change in the visceral fat area (VFA) was set as the primary endpoint. There were significant reductions in VFA and total fat area. The intervention significantly increased the total number of bifidobacteria and affected the levels of several lipid markers. Regression analysis of bifidobacteria and measured parameters showed that total bifidobacteria correlated with VFA and body mass index (BMI), while endogenous bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis correlated only with BMI, suggesting that increases in both contributed to the decrease in VFA. These results suggest that combined intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves the intestinal environment and reduces abdominal fat in association with the SCFA-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Baba
- Dairy Business Division, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saito
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Mei Kadowaki
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Naoki Azuma
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Daisuke Tsuge
- Shinagawa Season Terrace Health Care Clinic, Shinagawa Season Terrace (5F), 1-2-70 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan;
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Azuma N, Mawatari T, Saito Y, Tsukamoto M, Sampei M, Iwama Y. Effect of Continuous Ingestion of Bifidobacteria and Dietary Fiber on Improvement in Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4175. [PMID: 37836458 PMCID: PMC10574581 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to have some positive effects on health, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. These effects are thought to be due to GCL2505's unique ability to reach the intestine in a viable form and proliferate after a single intake. This leads to an increased number of intestinal bifidobacteria. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to confirm that intake of GCL2505 and inulin (a prebiotic) improve cognitive function (n = 80). Participants consumed test drinks containing 1 × 1010 colony-forming units of GCL2505 per 100 g and 2.0 g of inulin per 100 g for 12 weeks. The change in cognitive function assessment scores was set as the primary endpoint. There were significant improvements in scores in the neurocognitive index domain, which is an assessment of overall cognitive function, in addition to overall attention, cognitive flexibility, and executive function domains. The intervention significantly increased the number of fecal bifidobacteria and affected the levels of several inflammatory markers. These results suggest that intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves cognitive function by improving the intestinal environment and alleviating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Azuma
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Takashi Mawatari
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Yasuo Saito
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Masashi Tsukamoto
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Masatoshi Sampei
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoshitaka Iwama
- Nihonbashi Cardiology Clinic, Kyodo Bldg. #201, 13-4 Nihonbashi Kodenmacho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 103-0001, Japan;
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Liu W, Lu N, Zhou X, Li Y, Xie Y, Zheng L, Zhu W, Xiao Q, Yang N, Zuo K, Wu Q, Xu T, Zhang H. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum P9 Probiotics on Defecation and Quality of Life of Individuals with Chronic Constipation: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35733625 PMCID: PMC9208957 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4144321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Although probiotics have been shown to improve constipation-related symptoms, a clear consensus on the use of probiotics as a constipation-relieving agent has not been reached, which is attributed to the limited available evidence and inconsistent protocols used in existing studies. Method A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is designed to study the efficiency and possible mechanism of action of probiotics for chronic constipation, in which 200 eligible volunteers with chronic constipation will be randomly assigned to a probiotic group (oral Lactobacillus plantarum P9 probiotic powder, 100 billion colony-forming units (CFUs)/day) or a placebo group. Volunteers, treatment distributors, data collectors, and data analysts will be blinded. The primary outcome is the weekly mean frequency of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs), and secondary outcomes include weekly mean frequency of CSBMs ≥3, weekly mean frequency of spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs), weekly mean stool appearance score, weekly mean difficulty of passing stool score, weekly percentage of volunteers who use auxiliary measures to assist with defecation (WPUAMA), quality-of-life (QOL) score, emotional status score, gut microbiome, and faecal metabolome. Each outcome measure will be assessed at the time points of preadministration (day 0), administration (day 14 and/or 28), and postadministration (day 42) to identify inter- and intragroup differences. Adverse events will be recorded to evaluate the safety of L. plantarum P9. Discussion. The protocol will provide methodological guidance for other similar studies, avoiding methodological bias and ultimately facilitating the formulation of consensus on the use of probiotics as a constipation-relieving agent. In addition, the results are more comprehensive than those of existing studies and may objectively and scientifically reflect the effectiveness of L. plantarum P9 on constipation. If the expected study findings are obtained, L. plantarum P9, taken as a probiotic, may become a complementary choice for chronically constipated patients. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (no. ChiCTR2000038396) registered on November 22, 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54024.
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Zhang Q, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Duan S, Liu WH, Zhang C, Sun S, Wang T, Wang X, Hung WL, Wang R. In vitro Study of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 With Fructooligosaccharide Synbiotics Effected on the Intestinal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890316. [PMID: 35571919 PMCID: PMC9096902 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics relieve constipation by altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, their synergistic mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, an in vitro fermentation model was constructed to examine the synergistic effects of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the regulation of intestinal microbiota from a population with constipation. The utilization of FOS was promoted by BL-99, and the increase rate being 22.33%. Relative to the BL-99 and the FOS groups, the BL-99_FOS group showed a highly significant increase in acetic acid content (P < 0.01) and a marked decrease in CO2 and H2S contents (P < 0.01) in the fermentation broth. In addition, the BL-99_FOS combination significantly changed the structure of the intestinal microbiota, enhanced the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria that relieved constipation, including Bifidobacterium, Fecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, and Blautia, and decreased those of the harmful bacteria, including Bilophila and Escherichia-Shigella. These findings suggested that BL-99 and FOS synergistically regulated the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota from the population with constipation and increased acetic acid and decreased CO2 and H2S levels, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the application of synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Hangzhou Hailu Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Kudou K, Kimura K, Tsutsumi R, Hashimoto N, Wada H, Ikeda T. Use of Insoluble Dietary Fiber and Probiotics for Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy: A Prospective Study. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2022; 32:153-158. [PMID: 35202009 PMCID: PMC8969843 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In screening colonoscopy, patients usually have to ingest large amounts of bowel-cleansing agents, including polyethylene glycol (PEG). This is difficult and has various side effects; thus, patients avoid undergoing a colonoscopy. We tested a novel bowel preparation method before colonoscopy using insoluble dietary fiber and probiotics (PB). METHODS This was a prospective clinical study conducted between October 2018 and March 2019 at a general hospital. Forty participants were randomly assigned to low-volume PEG solution diet (MoviPrep), wheat bran fiber (WBF) and probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 (PB GCL2505), or standard-volume regimen (1.0 to 1.5 L of MoviPrep) (control group). The patient compliance and the quality of bowel preparation were evaluated. RESULTS Forty individuals aged 38 to 83 years were randomly assigned to the WBF with PB (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. All participants underwent bowel preparation before colonoscopy according to each protocol. The mean required volume of MoviPrep was significantly lower in the WBF with PB group than in the control group (582.5 vs. 1305 mL, P<0.0001). Successful bowel-cleansing rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups; however, the ratio of the Harefield Cleansing Scale grades C and D was significantly lower in the WBF with PB group than in the control group (P=0.0471). CONCLUSIONS The intake of WBF and GCL2505 before colonoscopy reduces the required PEG quantities while maintaining bowel-cleansing quality. This novel, minimally invasive pretreatment method makes colonoscopy more accessible contributing to the prevention and early treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kudou
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Clinical Research Institute Cancer Research Division, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koich Kimura
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital
| | - Ryosuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital
| | - Naotaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital
| | - Hiroya Wada
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital
| | - Tetsuo Ikeda
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital
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Zhang C, Jiang J, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effects of probiotics on functional constipation in adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:2960-2969. [PMID: 32005532 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Clinical trials have reported controversial results regarding the effectiveness of probiotics in alleviating functional constipation in adults. We reviewed relevant randomized controlled trials to elucidate the effectiveness of probiotics on constipation symptoms in adults with functional constipation. METHODS We searched Medline, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published up to April 2019. The primary outcomes of interest were stool frequency, gut transit time (GTT), stool consistency, and bloating. Two authors independently performed the study selection, risk-of-bias assessment, and data extraction. The outcome data were extracted from each included study and synthesized using weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs). Pooled data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model. RESULTS In total, 2327 relevant studies were identified, 15 of which were found to be eligible randomized controlled trials and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooling of the extracted data demonstrated that probiotic consumption significantly reduced the whole GTT by 13.75 h [95% confidence interval (CI): -21.93 to -5.56 h] and increased the stool frequency by 0.98 (95% CI: 0.36 to 1.60) bowel movements per week. This increase was significant with the consumption of multispecies probiotics [at least two bacteria; WMD: 1.22 (95% CI: 0.50 to 1.94) bowel movements per week] but not with the consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis [WMD: 1.34 (95% CI: -0.27 to 2.94) bowel movements per week] or B. longum [WMD: -0.02 (95% CI: -0.56 to 0.53) bowel movements per week] alone. Multispecies probiotics (WMD: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.72 to 2.01), but not single-species probiotics (WMD: 1.18; 95% CI: -0.59 to 2.96), improved stool consistency (WMD: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.22 to 2.38). Similarly, multispecies probiotics (at least two bacteria; WMD: -0.49; 95% CI: -0.85 to -0.13), but not single-species probiotics (WMD: -0.24; 95% CI: -0.55 to 0.07), significantly decreased bloating. Performance bias were high, whereas detection bias was unclear because of inadequate reporting. CONCLUSION Consumption of probiotics, in particular, multispecies probiotics, may substantially reduce the GTT, increase the stool frequency, and improve the stool consistency. Thus, probiotics can be regarded as safe and natural agents for alleviation of functional constipation in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jinchi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
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Anzawa D, Mawatari T, Tanaka Y, Yamamoto M, Genda T, Takahashi S, Nishijima T, Kamasaka H, Suzuki S, Kuriki T. Effects of synbiotics containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 and inulin on intestinal bifidobacteria: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1828-1837. [PMID: 31139397 PMCID: PMC6526661 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have shown the bifidogenic effects of either probiotic bifidobacteria or inulin, and this bifidogenic shift in the composition of the colonic microbiota is likely the basis for their positive impact on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of synbiotics containing the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) GCL2505 and inulin on the levels of intestinal bifidobacteria compared with B. lactis GCL2505 alone. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was carried out involving 60 healthy subjects with a tendency for constipation using fermented milk containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin (synbiotic), only B. lactis GCL2505 (probiotic), and placebo. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each 2-week intervention period, and the bifidobacterial count was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The numbers of total bifidobacteria and B. lactis in feces were significantly increased during the probiotic and synbiotic intake periods compared with the placebo intake period. Furthermore, the numbers of total bifidobacteria and endogenous bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the synbiotic intake period compared with the probiotic intake period, while there was no difference in the number of B. lactis. These results suggested that the synbiotics containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin had a greater effect on the number of bifidobacteria than a drink containing probiotics alone and could be useful for the improvement of the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Anzawa
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | | | | | - Mio Yamamoto
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Tomomi Genda
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Satoru Suzuki
- Shinagawa Season Terrace Health Care ClinicTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Kuriki
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
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Redondo-Useros N, Gheorghe A, Díaz-Prieto LE, Villavisencio B, Marcos A, Nova E. Associations of Probiotic Fermented Milk (PFM) and Yogurt Consumption with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Components of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:E651. [PMID: 30889821 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates whether probiotic fermented milk (PFM) and yogurt consumption (YC) are related to both the ingested bacteria taxa and the overall gut microbiota (GM) composition in healthy adults. PFM and YC habits were analyzed in 260 subjects (51% male) by specific questionnaires, and the following groups were considered: (1) PFM groups: nonconsumers (PFM-NC, n = 175) and consumers (PFM, n = 85), divided as follows: Bifidobacterium-containing PFM (Bif-PFM; n = 33), Lactobacillus-containing PFM (Lb-PFM; n = 14), and mixed Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus-containing PFM (Mixed-PFM; n = 38); (2) PFM-NC were classified as: yogurt nonconsumers (Y-NC; n = 40) and yogurt consumers (n = 135). GM was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. PFM consumers showed higher Bifidobacteria taxa levels compared to NC, from phylum through to species. Specifically, Bif-PFM consumption was related to higher B. animalis levels (p < 0.001), whereas Lb-PFM consumption was associated to higher levels of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.045) and B. longum (p = 0.011). YC was related to higher levels of the yogurt starter Streptococcus thermophilus (p < 0.001). Lactobacilli and the overall GM were not related either to YC or PFM consumption. According to these results, healthy adults might benefit from PFM intake by increasing Bifidobacterium levels.
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Plaza-Díaz J, Gómez-Fernández A, Chueca N, Torre-Aguilar MJ, Gil Á, Perez-Navero JL, Flores-Rojas K, Martín-Borreguero P, Solis-Urra P, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Garcia F, Gil-Campos M. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with and without Mental Regression is Associated with Changes in the Fecal Microbiota. Nutrients 2019; 11:E337. [PMID: 30764497 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New microbiome sequencing technologies provide novel information about the potential interactions among intestinal microorganisms and the host in some neuropathologies as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The microbiota–gut–brain axis is an emerging aspect in the generation of autistic behaviors; evidence from animal models suggests that intestinal microbial shifts may produce changes fitting the clinical picture of autism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fecal metagenomic profiles in children with ASD and compare them with healthy participants. This comparison allows us to ascertain how mental regression (an important variable in ASD) could influence the intestinal microbiota profile. For this reason, a subclassification in children with ASD by mental regression (AMR) and no mental regression (ANMR) phenotype was performed. The present report was a descriptive observational study. Forty-eight children aged 2–6 years with ASD were included: 30 with ANMR and 18 with AMR. In addition, a control group of 57 normally developing children was selected and matched to the ASD group by sex and age. Fecal samples were analyzed with a metagenomic approach using a next-generation sequencing platform. Several differences between children with ASD, compared with the healthy group, were detected. Namely, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria at phylum level, as well as, Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Erysipelotrichi, and Gammaproteobacteria at class level were found at higher proportions in children with ASD. Additionally, Proteobacteria levels showed to be augmented exclusively in AMR children. Preliminary results, using a principal component analysis, showed differential patterns in children with ASD, ANMR and AMR, compared to healthy group, both for intestinal microbiota and food patterns. In this study, we report, higher levels of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacilli, aside from Erysipelotrichi, and Gammaproteobacteria in children with ASD compared to healthy group. Furthermore, AMR children exhibited higher levels of Proteobacteria. Further analysis using these preliminary results and mixing metagenomic and other “omic” technologies are needed in larger cohorts of children with ASD to confirm these intestinal microbiota changes.
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Hungin APS, Mitchell CR, Whorwell P, Mulligan C, Cole O, Agréus L, Fracasso P, Lionis C, Mendive J, Philippart de Foy J, Seifert B, Wensaas K, Winchester C, de Wit N. Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms - an updated evidence-based international consensus. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:1054-1070. [PMID: 29460487 PMCID: PMC5900870 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, a systematic review and Delphi consensus reported that specific probiotics can benefit adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other gastrointestinal (GI) problems. AIM To update the consensus with new evidence. METHODS A systematic review identified randomised, placebo-controlled trials published between January 2012 and June 2017. Evidence was graded, previously developed statements were reassessed by an 8-expert panel, and agreement was reached via Delphi consensus. RESULTS A total of 70 studies were included (IBS, 34; diarrhoea associated with antibiotics, 13; diarrhoea associated with Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, 7; other conditions, 16). Of 15 studies that examined global IBS symptoms as a primary endpoint, 8 reported significant benefits of probiotics vs placebo. Consensus statements with 100% agreement and "high" evidence level indicated that specific probiotics help reduce overall symptom burden and abdominal pain in some patients with IBS and duration/intensity of diarrhoea in patients prescribed antibiotics or H. pylori eradication therapy, and have favourable safety. Statements with 70%-100% agreement and "moderate" evidence indicated that, in some patients with IBS, specific probiotics help reduce bloating/distension and improve bowel movement frequency/consistency. CONCLUSIONS This updated review indicates that specific probiotics are beneficial in certain lower GI problems, although many of the new publications did not report benefits of probiotics, possibly due to inclusion of new, less efficacious preparations. Specific probiotics can relieve lower GI symptoms in IBS, prevent diarrhoea associated with antibiotics and H. pylori eradication therapy, and show favourable safety. This study will help clinicians recommend/prescribe probiotics for specific symptoms.
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12
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Miller LE, Ouwehand AC, Ibarra A. Effects of probiotic-containing products on stool frequency and intestinal transit in constipated adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:629-639. [PMID: 29118557 PMCID: PMC5670282 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Probiotics are commonly recommended for the alleviation of constipation symptoms. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of probiotic-containing products on stool frequency and intestinal transit time (ITT) in constipated adults and to determine the factors that influence the efficacy of these products. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials that measured weekly stool frequency or ITT in constipated adults receiving probiotic-containing supplements. A random effects meta-analysis was performed; stool frequency was summarized by the mean difference statistic and ITT was summarized by the standardized mean difference (SMD) statistic. Meta-regression and diagnostic model performance testing were used to identify publication bias and sources of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 21 studies (23 comparisons) comprising 2656 subjects were included. All studies utilized probiotics containing Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium species. Probiotic-containing products resulted in a mean increase in weekly stool frequency of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-1.14, P<0.001). There was high heterogeneity among the studies (I2=85%, P<0.001) and evidence of significant publication bias (Egger’s P-value <0.01). After adjustment for publication bias, the mean difference in weekly stool frequency was reduced from 0.83 to 0.30. The effects on stool frequency were greater in studies where functional constipation was diagnosed using Rome III (P<0.01), or Rome II or III criteria (P<0.05), compared to non-Rome diagnosis techniques. Probiotic-containing products were also efficacious in reducing ITT (SMD=0.65, 95%CI 0.33-0.97, P<0.001). There was high heterogeneity among studies (I2=66%, P<0.01), but no evidence of publication bias (Egger’s P-value=0.52). A larger total sample size was associated with greater efficacy as regards ITT (P=0.03). The probiotic species, the number of probiotic strains and the daily probiotic dosage had no influence on the outcomes. Conclusion: Supplementation with products containing Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium species increases stool frequency and reduces ITT in constipated adults. However, since significant heterogeneity in outcomes was detected among the studies analyzed, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Miller
- Miller Scientific Consulting, Inc., Asheville, NC, United States (Larry E. Miller)
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland (Arthur C. Ouwehand, Alvin Ibarra)
| | - Alvin Ibarra
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland (Arthur C. Ouwehand, Alvin Ibarra)
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13
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Li T, Lu X, Yang X. Evaluation of clinical safety and beneficial effects of stachyose-enriched α-galacto-oligosaccharides on gut microbiota and bowel function in humans. Food Funct 2017; 8:262-269. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study providing clinical bases for developing DSG as a novel and safe agent against functional constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Xinshan Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
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Takahashi S, Anzawa D, Takami K, Ishizuka A, Mawatari T, Kamikado K, Sugimura H, Nishijima T. Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis GCL2505 on visceral fat accumulation in healthy Japanese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2016; 35:163-171. [PMID: 27867803 PMCID: PMC5107634 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2016-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis GCL2505 (B. lactis GCL2505) is able to survive passage through the
intestine and then proliferate, leading to an increase in the amount of gut bifidobacteria. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of B.
lactis GCL2505 on abdominal visceral fat storage in overweight and mildly obese Japanese adults. This clinical study was a double-blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative trial performed for 12 weeks. Healthy Japanese subjects (N=137) with body mass indices ranging from 23 to 30
kg/m2 consumed either fermented milk containing B. lactis GCL2505 or a placebo every day, and then visceral and subcutaneous
abdominal fat areas were measured by computed tomography as the primary endpoints. The number of fecal bifidobacteria was also measured. Visceral fat area, but
not subcutaneous fat area, was significantly reduced from baseline at 8 and 12 weeks in the GCL2505 group, compared with the placebo group. The total number of
fecal bifidobacteria was significantly increased in the GCL2505 group. These results indicate that B. lactis GCL2505 reduces abdominal visceral
fat, a key factor associated with metabolic disorders. This finding suggests that this probiotic strain can potentially serve as a specific functional food to
achieve visceral fat reduction in overweight or mildly obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takahashi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Daisuke Anzawa
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Takami
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizuka
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Mawatari
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamikado
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Haruhi Sugimura
- Medical Corporation Shinkokai C'est lavie Shimbashi Clinic, 2-39-3 Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishijima
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 2-14-1 Musashino, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-0021, Japan
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