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Huang X, Guo X, Gao W, Xiong Y, Chen C, Zheng H, Pan Z, Wang L, Zheng S, Ke C, Stavrinou P, Hu W, Hong K, Zheng F. Causal association between years of schooling and the risk of traumatic brain injury: A two-sample mendelian randomization analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:483-490. [PMID: 38484892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the number of years of schooling are causally associated traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aimed to investigate whether the number of years of schooling are causally associated TBI. METHODS We investigate the prospective causal effect of years of schooling on TBI using summary statistical data. The statistical dataset comprising years of schooling (n = 293,723) from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) deposited in the UK Biobank was used for exposure. We used the following GWAS available in the FinnGen dataset: individuals with TBI (total = 13,165; control = 136,576; number of single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] = 16,380,088). RESULTS Seventy significant genome-wide SNPs from GWAS datasets with annotated years of schooling were selected as instrumental variables. The inverse variance weighted method results supported a causal relationship between years of schooling and TBI (odds ratio (OR), 0.78; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.62-0.98; P = 0.029). MR-Egger regression showed that polydirectionality was unlikely to bias the results (intercept = 0.007, SE = 0.01, P = 0.484) and demonstrated no causal relationship between years of schooling and TBI (OR, 0.52; 95%CI, 0.17-1.64; P = 0.270). The weighted median method revealed a causal relationship with TBI (OR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.55-0.98; P = 0.047). A Cochran's Q test and funnel plot did not show heterogeneity nor asymmetry, indicating no directional pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS The current investigation yields substantiation of a causal association between years of schooling and TBI development. More years of schooling may be causally associated with a reduced risk of TBI, which has implications for clinical and public health practices and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiumei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hanlin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingxing Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Shuni Zheng
- Division of Public Management, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuhan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Kunda Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China.
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Dipnall JF, Lyons J, Lyons RA, Ameratunga S, Brussoni M, Lecky FE, Beck B, Schneeberg A, Harrison JE, Gabbe BJ. Impact of an injury hospital admission on childhood academic performance: a Welsh population-based data linkage study. Inj Prev 2023:ip-2023-045027. [PMID: 38124009 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While injuries can impact on children's educational achievements (with threats to their development and employment prospects), these risks are poorly quantified. This population-based longitudinal study investigated the impact of an injury-related hospital admission on Welsh children's academic performance. METHODS The Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank, 55 587 children residing in Wales from 2006 to 2016 who had an injury hospital admission (58.2% males; 16.8% born in most deprived Wales area; 80.1% one injury hospital admission) were linked to data from the Wales Electronic Cohort for Children. The primary outcome was the Core Subject Indicator reflecting educational achievement at key stages 2 (school years 3-6), 3 (school years 7-9) and 4 (school years 10-11). Covariates in models included demographic, birth, injury and school characteristics. RESULTS Educational achievement of children was negatively associated with: pedestrian injuries (adjusted risk ratio, (95% CIs)) (0.87, (0.83 to 0.92)), cyclist (0.96, (0.94 to 0.99)), high fall (0.96, (0.94 to 0.97)), fire/flames/smoke (0.85, (0.73 to 0.99)), cutting/piercing object (0.96, (0.93 to 0.99)), intentional self-harm (0.86, (0.82 to 0.91)), minor traumatic brain injury (0.92, (0.86 to 0.99)), contusion/open wound (0.93, (0.91 to 0.95)), fracture of vertebral column (0.78, (0.64 to 0.95)), fracture of femur (0.88, (0.84 to 0.93)), internal abdomen/pelvic haemorrhage (0.82, (0.69 to 0.97)), superficial injury (0.94, (0.92 to 0.97)), young maternal age (<18 years: 0.91, (0.88 to 0.94); 19-24 years: 0.94, (0.93 to 0.96)); area based socioeconomic status (0.98, (0.97 to 0.98)); moving to a more deprived area (0.95, (0.93 to 0.97)); requiring special educational needs (0.46, (0.44 to 0.47)). Positive associations were: being female (1.04, (1.03 to 1.06)); larger pupil school sizes and maternal age 30+ years. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance on a child's education of preventing injuries and implementing intervention programmes that support injured children. Greater attention is needed on equity-focused educational support and social policies addressing needs of children at risk of underachievement, including those from families experiencing poverty. VIBES-JUNIOR STUDY PROTOCOL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024755.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Dipnall
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Lyons
- Population Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Administrative Data Research Wales, Wales, UK
| | - Ronan A Lyons
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Population Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Administrative Data Research Wales, Wales, UK
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Shanthi Ameratunga
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Counties Manukau District Health Board, Kidz First Hospital and Population Health Directorate, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fiona E Lecky
- Centre for Urgent and Emergency Care Research, The University of Sheffield School of Health and Related Research, Sheffield, UK
- Emergency Department, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Ben Beck
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Schneeberg
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James E Harrison
- Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Belinda J Gabbe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Population Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
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Blackwell LS, Grell R. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Impact on the Developing Brain. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 148:215-222. [PMID: 37652817 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health concern impacting millions of children and adolescents each year. Experiencing a brain injury during key critical periods of brain development can affect the normal formation of brain networks that are responsible for a range of complex neurocognitive outcomes. In addition, there are multiple pre- and postinjury factors that influence the trajectory of recovery and outcomes. In this review, we will focus on the current state of the literature within pediatric TBI; systematically review the available research on developmental aspects of TBI in children, focusing on the pathophysiology of the injury and its impact on the developing brain; and highlight knowledge gaps for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Grell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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