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Byrne I, William T, Chua TH, Patterson C, Hall T, Tan M, Chitnis C, Adams J, Singh SK, Grignard L, Tetteh KKA, Fornace KM, Drakeley CJ. Serological evaluation of risk factors for exposure to malaria in a pre-elimination setting in Malaysian Borneo. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12998. [PMID: 37563178 PMCID: PMC10415323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaysia has reported no indigenous cases of P. falciparum and P. vivax for over 3 years. When transmission reaches such low levels, it is important to understand the individuals and locations where exposure risks are high, as they may be at greater risk in the case of a resurgence of transmission. Serology is a useful tool in low transmission settings, providing insight into exposure over longer durations than PCR or RDT. We ran blood samples from a 2015 population-based survey in northern Sabah, Malaysian Borneo on a multiplex bead assay. Using supervised machine learning methods, we characterised recent and historic exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax and found recent exposure to P. falciparum to be very low, with exposure to both species increasing with age. We performed a risk-factor assessment on environmental, behavioural, demographic and household factors, and identified forest activity and longer travel times to healthcare as common risk-factors for exposure to P. falciparum and P. vivax. In addition, we used remote-sensing derived data and geostatistical models to assess environmental and spatial associations with exposure. We created predictive maps of exposure to recent P. falciparum in the study area and showed 3 clear foci of exposure. This study provides useful insight into the environmental, spatial and demographic risk factors for P. falciparum and P. vivax at a period of low transmission in Malaysian Borneo. The findings would be valuable in the case of resurgence of human malarias in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Byrne
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK.
| | - Timothy William
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
- Gleneagles Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Tock H Chua
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Catriona Patterson
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK
| | - Tom Hall
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK
| | - Mark Tan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK
| | - Chetan Chitnis
- Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - John Adams
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Susheel K Singh
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lynn Grignard
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK
| | - Kevin K A Tetteh
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK
| | - Kimberly M Fornace
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chris J Drakeley
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK
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Arkell P, Sheridan SL, Martins N, Tanesi MY, Gomes N, Amaral S, Oakley T, Solano V, David M, Draper ADK, Sarmento N, da Silva E, Alves L, Freitas C, Machado FDN, Gusmão C, da Costa Barreto I, Fancourt NSS, Macartney K, Yan J, Francis JR. Vaccine Preventable Disease Seroprevalence in a Nationwide Assessment of Timor-Leste (VASINA-TL): study protocol for a population-representative cross-sectional serosurvey. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071381. [PMID: 37202138 PMCID: PMC10201250 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Historic disruption in health infrastructure combined with data from a recent vaccine coverage survey suggests there are likely significant immunity gaps to vaccine preventable diseases and high risk of outbreaks in Timor-Leste. Community-based serological surveillance is an important tool to augment understanding of population-level immunity achieved through vaccine coverage and/or derived from prior infection. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This national population-representative serosurvey will take a three-stage cluster sample and aims to include 5600 individuals above 1 year of age. Serum samples will be collected by phlebotomy and analysed for measles IgG, rubella IgG, SARS-CoV-2 antispike protein IgG, hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antigen using commercially available chemiluminescent immunoassays or ELISA. In addition to crude prevalence estimates and to account for differences in Timor-Leste's age structure, stratified age-standardised prevalence estimates will be calculated, using Asia in 2013 as the standard population. Additionally, this survey will derive a national asset of serum and dried blood spot samples which can be used for further investigation of infectious disease seroepidemiology and/or validation of existing and novel serological assays for infectious diseases. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Research Ethics and Technical Committee of the Instituto Nacional da Saúde, Timor-Leste and the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Northern Territory Department of Health and Menzies School of Health Research, Australia. Co-designing this study with Timor-Leste's Ministry-of-Health and other relevant partner organisations will allow immediate translation of findings into public health policy, which may include changes to routine immunisation service delivery and/or plans for supplementary immunisation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Arkell
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Sarah L Sheridan
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nelson Martins
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Maria Y Tanesi
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Nelia Gomes
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Salvador Amaral
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Tessa Oakley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Vanessa Solano
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Michael David
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony D K Draper
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
- Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Department of Health, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Nevio Sarmento
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Endang da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional da Saúde, Timor-Leste Ministry of Health, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Lucsendar Alves
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Carlito Freitas
- Departemento Vigilancia e Epidemiologia, Timor-Leste Ministry of Health, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Filipe de Neri Machado
- Departemento Vigilancia e Epidemiologia, Timor-Leste Ministry of Health, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Celia Gusmão
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Ismael da Costa Barreto
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
- Health System Strengthening Department, World Health Organisation, Timor-Leste Office, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Nicholas S S Fancourt
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kristine Macartney
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Yan
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Joshua R Francis
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Fusaro C, Chávez-Romero YA, Prada SLG, Serrano-Silva N, Bernal JE, González-Jiménez FE, Sarria-Guzmán Y. Burden and Epidemiology of Human Intestinal Giardia duodenalis Infection in Colombia: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7100325. [PMID: 36288066 PMCID: PMC9608748 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Giardia is a unicellular protozoan able to parasitize both humans and animals. Cysts of Giardia can be found in soil samples, aquatic environments, food, and any surface that gets in contact with the feces of parasitized animals. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the burden and epidemiology of Giardia infection in Colombia summarizing recent scientific reports and existing knowledge and to identify knowledge gaps that may be addressed in future investigations. This work follows the guidelines established by "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes" (PRISMA). Published scientific literature from 1 January 2010 to 18 September 2022 was searched in six electronic scientific databases using the search terms: "Giardia" OR "Giardiasis" AND "Colombia". Twenty-three scientific articles were performed in 22 departments of Colombia at rural, urban, and a combination of rural and urban contexts. The prevalence of Giardia in the Colombian population was between 0.9 and 48.1% when the samples were analyzed with classical microscopy; the range of Giardia prevalence was even bigger (4.2-100%) when qPCR and nested PCR were used. The dominant Giardia assemblages found in Colombia were A and B, and most frequent subassemblages were AII, BIII, and BIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Fusaro
- Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena de Indias 130010, Colombia
| | - Yosef A. Chávez-Romero
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santa Cruz 90640, Mexico
| | | | - Nancy Serrano-Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.S.-S.); (Y.S.-G.); Tel.: +52-5556224827 (N.S.-S.); +57-5-5894093 (Y.S.-G.)
| | - Jaime E. Bernal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena de Indias 130011, Colombia
| | | | - Yohanna Sarria-Guzmán
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Valledupar 200005, Colombia
- Correspondence: (N.S.-S.); (Y.S.-G.); Tel.: +52-5556224827 (N.S.-S.); +57-5-5894093 (Y.S.-G.)
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Byrne I, Cramer E, Nelli L, Rerolle F, Wu L, Patterson C, Rosado J, Dumont E, Tetteh KKA, Dantzer E, Hongvanthong B, Fornace KM, Stresman G, Lover A, Bennett A, Drakeley C. Characterizing the spatial distribution of multiple malaria diagnostic endpoints in a low-transmission setting in Lao PDR. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:929366. [PMID: 36059850 PMCID: PMC9433740 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.929366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of malaria changes as prevalence falls in low-transmission settings, with remaining infections becoming more difficult to detect and diagnose. At this stage active surveillance is critical to detect residual hotspots of transmission. However, diagnostic tools used in active surveillance generally only detect concurrent infections, and surveys may benefit from sensitive tools such as serological assays. Serology can be used to interrogate and characterize individuals' previous exposure to malaria over longer durations, providing information essential to the detection of remaining foci of infection. We ran blood samples collected from a 2016 population-based survey in the low-transmission setting of northern Lao PDR on a multiplexed bead assay to characterize historic and recent exposures to Plasmodium falciparum and vivax. Using geostatistical methods and remote-sensing data we assessed the environmental and spatial associations with exposure, and created predictive maps of exposure within the study sites. We additionally linked the active surveillance PCR and serology data with passively collected surveillance data from health facility records. We aimed to highlight the added information which can be gained from serology as a tool in active surveillance surveys in low-transmission settings, and to identify priority areas for national surveillance programmes where malaria risk is higher. We also discuss the issues faced when linking malaria data from multiple sources using multiple diagnostic endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Byrne
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Isabel Byrne
| | - Estee Cramer
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Luca Nelli
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francois Rerolle
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, The Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lindsey Wu
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona Patterson
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Rosado
- Unit of Malaria: Parasites and Hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics G5 Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elin Dumont
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin K. A. Tetteh
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Dantzer
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, The Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bouasy Hongvanthong
- Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Kimberley M. Fornace
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Stresman
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Lover
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Adam Bennett
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, The Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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