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Milán M. Size precision in insect eyes. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002471. [PMID: 38295340 PMCID: PMC10830144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The building of fully functional and well-proportioned individuals relies on the precise regulation of the size of each of their constituting organs. A new study unravels a mechanism that confers precision to size regulation of the adult Drosophila eye through morphogen-mediated modulation of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Navarro T, Iannini A, Neto M, Campoy-Lopez A, Muñoz-García J, Pereira PS, Ares S, Casares F. Feedback control of organ size precision is mediated by BMP2-regulated apoptosis in the Drosophila eye. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002450. [PMID: 38289899 PMCID: PMC10826937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological processes are intrinsically noisy, and yet, the result of development-like the species-specific size and shape of organs-is usually remarkably precise. This precision suggests the existence of mechanisms of feedback control that ensure that deviations from a target size are minimized. Still, we have very limited understanding of how these mechanisms operate. Here, we investigate the problem of organ size precision using the Drosophila eye. The size of the adult eye depends on the rates at which eye progenitor cells grow and differentiate. We first find that the progenitor net growth rate results from the balance between their proliferation and apoptosis, with this latter contributing to determining both final eye size and its variability. In turn, apoptosis of progenitor cells is hampered by Dpp, a BMP2/4 signaling molecule transiently produced by early differentiating retinal cells. Our genetic and computational experiments show how the status of retinal differentiation is communicated to progenitors through the differentiation-dependent production of Dpp, which, by adjusting the rate of apoptosis, exerts a feedback control over the net growth of progenitors to reduce final eye size variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Navarro
- CABD, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Marta Neto
- CABD, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Campoy-Lopez
- CABD, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- ALMIA, CABD, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Muñoz-García
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC) and Departamento de Matematicas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Spain
| | - Paulo S. Pereira
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saude, Universidade do Porto; IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Saúl Ares
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC) and Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Zhao H, Moberg KH, Veraksa A. Hippo pathway and Bonus control developmental cell fate decisions in the Drosophila eye. Dev Cell 2023; 58:416-434.e12. [PMID: 36868234 PMCID: PMC10023510 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The canonical function of the Hippo signaling pathway is the regulation of organ growth. How this pathway controls cell-fate determination is less well understood. Here, we identify a function of the Hippo pathway in cell-fate decisions in the developing Drosophila eye, exerted through the interaction of Yorkie (Yki) with the transcriptional regulator Bonus (Bon), an ortholog of mammalian transcriptional intermediary factor 1/tripartite motif (TIF1/TRIM) family proteins. Instead of controlling tissue growth, Yki and Bon promote epidermal and antennal fates at the expense of the eye fate. Proteomic, transcriptomic, and genetic analyses reveal that Yki and Bon control these cell-fate decisions by recruiting transcriptional and post-transcriptional co-regulators and by repressing Notch target genes and activating epidermal differentiation genes. Our work expands the range of functions and regulatory mechanisms under Hippo pathway control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heya Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexey Veraksa
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
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Woronik A, Tunström K, Perry MW, Neethiraj R, Stefanescu C, Celorio-Mancera MDLP, Brattström O, Hill J, Lehmann P, Käkelä R, Wheat CW. A transposable element insertion is associated with an alternative life history strategy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5757. [PMID: 31848330 PMCID: PMC6917731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tradeoffs affect resource allocation during development and result in fitness consequences that drive the evolution of life history strategies. Yet despite their importance, we know little about the mechanisms underlying life history tradeoffs. Many species of Colias butterflies exhibit an alternative life history strategy (ALHS) where females divert resources from wing pigment synthesis to reproductive and somatic development. Due to this reallocation, a wing color polymorphism is associated with the ALHS: either yellow/orange or white. Here we map the locus associated with this ALHS in Colias crocea to a transposable element insertion located downstream of the Colias homolog of BarH-1, a homeobox transcription factor. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, antibody staining, and electron microscopy we find white-specific expression of BarH-1 suppresses the formation of pigment granules in wing scales and gives rise to white wing color. Lipid and transcriptome analyses reveal physiological differences associated with the ALHS. Together, these findings characterize a mechanism for a female-limited ALHS. Tradeoffs are central to life history theory and evolutionary biology, yet almost nothing is known about their mechanistic basis. Here the authors characterize one such mechanism and find a transposable element insertion is associated with the switch between alternative life history strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Woronik
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Kalle Tunström
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael W Perry
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Constanti Stefanescu
- Museum of Natural Sciences of Granollers, Granollers, Catalonia, 08402, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Oskar Brattström
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23EJ, UK
| | - Jason Hill
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE) and Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, FI00014, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Waters AJ, Capriotti P, Gaboriau DCA, Papathanos PA, Windbichler N. Rationally-engineered reproductive barriers using CRISPR & CRISPRa: an evaluation of the synthetic species concept in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13125. [PMID: 30177778 PMCID: PMC6120925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to erect rationally-engineered reproductive barriers in animal or plant species promises to enable a number of biotechnological applications such as the creation of genetic firewalls, the containment of gene drives or novel population replacement and suppression strategies for genetic control. However, to date no experimental data exist that explores this concept in a multicellular organism. Here we examine the requirements for building artificial reproductive barriers in the metazoan model Drosophila melanogaster by combining CRISPR-based genome editing and transcriptional transactivation (CRISPRa) of the same loci. We directed 13 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to the promoters of 7 evolutionary conserved genes and used 11 drivers to conduct a misactivation screen. We identify dominant-lethal activators of the eve locus and find that they disrupt development by strongly activating eve outside its native spatio-temporal context. We employ the same set of sgRNAs to isolate, by genome editing, protective INDELs that render these loci resistant to transactivation without interfering with target gene function. When these sets of genetic components are combined we find that complete synthetic lethality, a prerequisite for most applications, is achievable using this approach. However, our results suggest a steep trade-off between the level and scope of dCas9 expression, the degree of genetic isolation achievable and the resulting impact on fly fitness. The genetic engineering strategy we present here allows the creation of single or multiple reproductive barriers and could be applied to other multicellular organisms such as disease vectors or transgenic organisms of economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Waters
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paolo Capriotti
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David C A Gaboriau
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, NHLI, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philippos Aris Papathanos
- Section of Genomics and Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nikolai Windbichler
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Kim AR, Choi EB, Kim MY, Choi KW. Angiotensin-converting enzyme Ance is cooperatively regulated by Mad and Pannier in Drosophila imaginal discs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13174. [PMID: 29030610 PMCID: PMC5640665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an evolutionarily conserved peptidyl dipeptidase. Mammalian ACE converts angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, thus playing a critical role for homeostasis of the renin-angiotensin system. In Drosophila, the ACE homolog Ance is expressed in specific regions of developing organs, but its regulatory mechanism has not been identified. Here we provide evidence that Ance expression is regulated by a combination of Mad and Pannier (Pnr) in imaginal discs. We demonstrate that Ance expression in eye and wing discs depends on Dpp signaling. The Mad binding site of Ance regulatory region is essential for Ance expression. Ance expression in imaginal discs is also regulated by the GATA family transcription factor Pnr. Pnr directly regulates Ance expression by binding to a GATA site of Ance enhancer. In addition, Pnr and Mad physically and genetically interact. Ance null mutants are morphologically normal but show genetic interaction with dpp mutants. Furthermore, we show that human SMAD2 and GATA4 physically interact and ACE expression in HEK293 cells is regulated by SMAD2 and GATA4. Taken together, this study reveals a cooperative mechanism of Ance regulation by Mad and Pnr. Our data also suggest a conserved transcriptional regulation of human ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Ram Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bee Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Clavier A, Rincheval-Arnold A, Colin J, Mignotte B, Guénal I. Apoptosis in Drosophila: which role for mitochondria? Apoptosis 2015; 21:239-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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