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Becker IC, Wilkie AR, Unger BA, Sciaudone AR, Fatima F, Tsai IT, Xu K, Machlus KR, Italiano JE. Dynamic actin/septin network in megakaryocytes coordinates proplatelet elaboration. Haematologica 2024; 109:915-928. [PMID: 37675512 PMCID: PMC10905084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MK) undergo extensive cytoskeletal rearrangements as they give rise to platelets. While cortical microtubule sliding has been implicated in proplatelet formation, the role of the actin cytoskeleton in proplatelet elongation is less understood. It is assumed that actin filament reorganization is important for platelet generation given that mouse models with mutations in actin-associated proteins exhibit thrombocytopenia. However, due to the essential role of the actin network during MK development, a differential understanding of the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton on proplatelet release is lacking. Here, we reveal that inhibition of actin polymerization impairs the formation of elaborate proplatelets by hampering proplatelet extension and bead formation along the proplatelet shaft, which was mostly independent of changes in cortical microtubule sliding. We identify Cdc42 and its downstream effectors, septins, as critical regulators of intracellular actin dynamics in MK, inhibition of which, similarly to inhibition of actin polymerization, impairs proplatelet movement and beading. Super-resolution microscopy revealed a differential association of distinctive septins with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, respectively, which was disrupted upon septin inhibition and diminished intracellular filamentous actin dynamics. In vivo, septins, similarly to F-actin, were subject to changes in expression upon enforcing proplatelet formation through prior platelet depletion. In summary, we demonstrate that a Cdc42/septin axis is not only important for MK maturation and polarization, but is further required for intracellular actin dynamics during proplatelet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Becker
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Adrian R Wilkie
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bret A Unger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | | | - Farheen Fatima
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115.
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Petito E, Gresele P. Immune attack on megakaryocytes in immune thrombocytopenia. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102345. [PMID: 38525349 PMCID: PMC10960061 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A State of the Art lecture titled "Immune Attack on Megakaryocytes in ITP: The Role of Megakaryocyte Impairment" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress in 2023. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies against platelet surface glycoproteins that provoke increased clearance of circulating platelets, leading to reduced platelet number. However, there is also evidence of a direct effect of antiplatelet autoantibodies on bone marrow megakaryocytes. Indeed, immunologic cells responsible for autoantibody production reside in the bone marrow; megakaryocytes progressively express during their maturation the same glycoproteins against which ITP autoantibodies are directed, and platelet autoantibodies have been detected in the bone marrow of patients with ITP. In vitro studies using ITP sera or monoclonal antibodies against platelet and megakaryocyte surface glycoproteins have shown an impairment of many steps of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, such as megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation, migration from the osteoblastic to the vascular niche, adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, and proplatelet formation, resulting in impaired and ectopic platelet production in the bone marrow and diminished platelet release in the bloodstream. Moreover, cytotoxic T cells may target bone marrow megakaryocytes, resulting in megakaryocyte destruction. Altogether, these findings suggest that antiplatelet autoantibodies and cellular immunity against bone marrow megakaryocytes may significantly contribute to thrombocytopenia in some patients with ITP. Finally, we summarize relevant new data on this topic presented during the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress. The complete unraveling of the mechanisms of immune attack-induced impairment of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis may open the way to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Petito
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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3
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Yang S, Wang L, Wu Y, Wu A, Huang F, Tang X, Kantawong F, Anuchapreeda S, Qin D, Mei Q, Chen J, Huang X, Zhang C, Wu J. Apoptosis in megakaryocytes: Safeguard and threat for thrombopoiesis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025945. [PMID: 36685543 PMCID: PMC9845629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, generated from precursor megakaryocytes (MKs), are central mediators of hemostasis and thrombosis. The process of thrombopoiesis is extremely complex, regulated by multiple factors, and related to many cellular events including apoptosis. However, the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis has been controversial for many years. Some researchers believe that apoptosis is an ally of thrombopoiesis and platelets production is apoptosis-dependent, while others have suggested that apoptosis is dispensable for thrombopoiesis, and is even inhibited during this process. In this review, we will focus on this conflict, discuss the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis and apoptosis. In addition, we also consider why such a vast number of studies draw opposite conclusions of the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis, and try to figure out the truth behind the mystery. This review provides more comprehensive insights into the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and apoptosis and finds some clues for the possible pathological mechanisms of platelet disorders caused by abnormal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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4
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Dahariya S, Raghuwanshi S, Thamodaran V, Velayudhan SR, Gutti RK. Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Megakaryocytes: A p53, HOX Antisense Intergenic RNA Myeloid 1, and miR-125b Interaction Study. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:92-101. [PMID: 36243404 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are rare polyploid cells found in the bone marrow and produce platelets. Platelets are small cell fragments that are essential during wound healing and vascular hemostasis. In vitro differentiation of MKs from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (hiPSC-HSCs) could provide an alternative treatment option for thrombocytopenic patients as a platelet source. In this approach, we developed a method to produce functional MKs from hiPSC-HSCs using a xeno-free and feeder-free condition and minimize the variation and risk from animal-derived products in cell culture. We have also investigated the genome-wide expression as well as functional significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hiPSC-HSC-derived MKs to get insight into MK biology. We have performed lncRNAs expression profiling by using the Human LncProfilers qPCR Array Kit and identified 26 differentially regulated lncRNAs in hiPSC-HSC-derived MKs as compared with those in hiPSC-HSCs. HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1) was the most highly upregulated lncRNA in hiPSC-HSC-derived MKs and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced megakaryocytic-differentiating K562 cells. Furthermore, we have studied the potential mechanism of HOTAIRM1 based on the interactions between HOTAIRM1, p53, and miR-125b in PMA-induced K562 cells. Our results demonstrated that during MK maturation, HOTAIRM1 might be associated with the transcriptional regulation of p53 via acting as a decoy for miR-125b. Thus, the interaction between HOTAIRM1, p53, and miR-125b is likely involved in controlling cell cycling (cyclin D1), reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis to support terminal maturation of MKs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In vitro generation of megakaryocytes (MKs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells (hiPSC-HSCs) could provide an alternative source of platelets for treating thrombocytopenic patients. This study has investigated the functional significance of long non-coding RNAs in hiPSC-HSC-derived MKs, which remains unclear. This study's findings suggest that the regulatory role of HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1) in p53-mediated regulation of cyclin D1 during megakaryocytopoiesis is to promote MK maturation by decoying miR-125b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Dahariya
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India (S.D., S.R., R.K.G.) and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India (V.T., S.R.V.)
| | - Sanjeev Raghuwanshi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India (S.D., S.R., R.K.G.) and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India (V.T., S.R.V.)
| | - Vasanth Thamodaran
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India (S.D., S.R., R.K.G.) and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India (V.T., S.R.V.)
| | - Shaji R Velayudhan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India (S.D., S.R., R.K.G.) and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India (V.T., S.R.V.)
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India (S.D., S.R., R.K.G.) and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India (V.T., S.R.V.)
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5
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Durán-saenz NZ, Serrano-puente A, Gallegos-flores PI, Mendoza-almanza BD, Esparza-ibarra EL, Godina-gonzález S, González-curiel IE, Ayala-luján JL, Hernández-barrales M, Cueto-villalobos CF, Frausto-fierros SY, Burciaga-hernandez LA, Mendoza-almanza G. Platelet Membrane: An Outstanding Factor in Cancer Metastasis. Membranes 2022; 12:182. [PMID: 35207103 PMCID: PMC8875259 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being biological barriers where the internalization or release of biomolecules is decided, cell membranes are contact structures between the interior and exterior of the cell. Here, the processes of cell signaling mediated by receptors, ions, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and vesicles begin. They triggering several responses from the cell membrane that include rearranging its components according to the immediate needs of the cell, for example, in the membrane of platelets, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia as a tissue repair response. In cancer, the cancer cells must adapt to the new tumor microenvironment (TME) and acquire capacities in the cell membrane to transform their shape, such as in the case of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the metastatic process. The cancer cells must also attract allies in this challenging process, such as platelets, fibroblasts associated with cancer (CAF), stromal cells, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix itself, which limits tumor growth. The platelets are enucleated cells with fairly interesting growth factors, proangiogenic factors, cytokines, mRNA, and proteins, which support the development of a tumor microenvironment and support the metastatic process. This review will discuss the different actions that platelet membranes and cancer cell membranes carry out during their relationship in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
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Tang A, Mendelson A. Recent lessons learned for ex-vivo platelet production. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:424-430. [PMID: 34232141 PMCID: PMC8490274 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Platelet transfusion can be life-saving but carries a risk of infection or alloimmunization and is limited by insufficient donor sources and restricted unit shelf life. Generating sufficient platelets in vitro to replace a unit of collected blood remains a challenge. Here, we examine the latest advances in the regulation of megakaryocyte maturation and expansion along with platelet formation and survival. We also discuss alternative therapies investigated to induce platelet production. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies examined candidate niche cells in the bone marrow microenvironment for promoting platelet formation and developed an explant-based bioreactor to enhance platelet production ex vivo. Chemical inhibitors were examined for their ability to promote megakaryocyte maturation and expansion. Microparticles from megakaryocytes or platelets were found to improve megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation. Membrane budding was identified as a novel mode of platelet formation. Lastly, a chemical inhibitor to improve cold-stored platelets was identified. SUMMARY Recent advances in the regulation of megakaryocyte expansion and platelet production provide exciting promise for the development of improved approaches to generate platelets in vitro. These findings bring the field one step closer to achieving the ultimate goal of creating a unit of platelets without the need for donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Avital Mendelson
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
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Marini I, Rigoni F, Zlamal J, Pelzl L, Althaus K, Nowak-Harnau S, Rondina MT, Bakchoul T. Blood donor-derived buffy coat to produce platelets in vitro. Vox Sang 2019; 115:94-102. [PMID: 31709567 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Platelet transfusion is a standard medical therapy used to treat several bleeding disorders. However, a critical drawback is the dependency on donor-derived platelets, which leads to concerns like insufficient availability and immunological complications. In vitro platelet production from hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34) may represent a reasonable solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD34+ cells were isolated from either buffy coat or peripheral blood and compared in terms of platelet production in vitro. The number and the quality of magnetically isolated CD34+ cells and their capability to differentiate into mature megakaryocytes were investigated using flow cytometry. Additionally, the functionality of megakaryocytes in term of in vitro platelet production was tested. RESULTS Similar purity and quantity of CD34+ cells was found after their isolation from both cell sources. In contrast, after 6 days of culture, enhanced number of CD34+ cells isolated from buffy coat compared with peripheral blood was observed (5·3 x 106 vs. 3·0 x 106, respectively). Interestingly, despite a comparable nuclear maturation phenotype, the yield of platelets released from buffy coat-derived megakaryocytes was significantly higher than from peripheral blood cells (platelet yield pro MK: 7·2 vs. 2·7, respectively). Importantly, platelets produced from buffy coat-derived cells could be activated by agonists. CONCLUSION Haematopoietic progenitor cells isolated from buffy coat have increased yield of platelets released from mature megakaryocytes and enhanced in vitro functionality, compared with peripheral blood-derived cells. Our study, suggests that buffy coat, obtained during blood donation processing, might be a promising source of megakaryocytes for in vitro platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Marini
- Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Flavianna Rigoni
- Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Zlamal
- Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karina Althaus
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Medicine and GRECC, George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Luo XL, Jiang JY, Huang Z, Chen LX. Autophagic regulation of platelet biology. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14483-14488. [PMID: 30714132 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Platelets, developed from megakaryocytes, are characterized by anucleate and short-life span hemocyte in mammal vessel. Platelets are very important in the cardiovascular system. Studies indicate the occurrence of autophagy platelets and megakaryocytes. Moreover, abnormal autophagy decreases the number of platelets and suppresses platelet aggregation. In addition, mitophagy, as a kind of selective autophagy, could inhibit platelet aggregation under oxidative stress or hypoxic, whereas promote platelet aggregation after reperfusion. Finally, autophagy regulates hemorrhagic and thrombosis diseases by influencing the number and function of platelets. In this paper, the role of autophagy in platelets and megakaryocytes, as well as coupled with the promotive or inhibitory role of hemorrhagic and thrombosis diseases are elucidated. Therefore, autophagy may be a potentially therapeutic target in modulating the platelet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jin-Yong Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lin-Xi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Mendelson A, Strat AN, Bao W, Rosston P, Fallon G, Ohrn S, Zhong H, Lobo C, An X, Yazdanbakhsh K. Mesenchymal stromal cells lower platelet activation and assist in platelet formation in vitro. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126982. [PMID: 31434805 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex process of platelet formation originates with the hematopoietic stem cell, which differentiates through the myeloid lineage, matures, and releases proplatelets into the BM sinusoids. How formed platelets maintain a low basal activation state in the circulation remains unknown. We identify Lepr+ stromal cells lining the BM sinusoids as important contributors to sustaining low platelet activation. Ablation of murine Lepr+ cells led to a decreased number of platelets in the circulation with an increased activation state. We developed a potentially novel culture system for supporting platelet formation in vitro using a unique population of CD51+PDGFRα+ perivascular cells, derived from human umbilical cord tissue, which display numerous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) properties. Megakaryocytes cocultured with MSCs had altered LAT and Rap1b gene expression, yielding platelets that are functional with low basal activation levels, a critical consideration for developing a transfusion product. Identification of a regulatory cell that maintains low baseline platelet activation during thrombopoiesis opens up new avenues for improving blood product production ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center (NYBC), New York, New York, USA
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10
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Luff SA, Kao CY, Papoutsakis ET. Role of p53 and transcription-independent p53-induced apoptosis in shear-stimulated megakaryocytic maturation, particle generation, and platelet biogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203991. [PMID: 30231080 PMCID: PMC6145578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (Mks) derive from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow and develop into large, polyploid cells that eventually give rise to platelets. As Mks mature, they migrate from the bone marrow niche into the vasculature, where they are exposed to shear forces from blood flow, releasing Mk particles (platelet-like particles (PLPs), pro/preplatelets (PPTs), and Mk microparticles (MkMPs)) into circulation. We have previously shown that transcription factor p53 is important in Mk maturation, and that physiological levels of shear promote Mk particle generation and platelet biogenesis. Here we examine the role of p53 in the Mk shear-stress response. We show that p53 is acetylated in response to shear in both immature and mature Mks, and that decreased expression of deacetylase HDAC1, and increased expression of the acetyltransferases p300 and PCAF might be responsible for these changes. We also examined the hypothesis that p53 might be involved in the shear-induced Caspase 3 activation, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and increased biogenesis of PLPs, PPTs, and MkMPs. We show that p53 is involved in all these shear-induced processes. We show that in response to shear, acetyl-p53 binds Bax, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria, and Caspase 9 is activated. We also show that shear-stimulated Caspase 9 activation and Mk particle biogenesis depend on transcription-independent p53-induced apoptosis (TIPA), but PS externalization is not. This is the first report to show that shear flow stimulates TIPA and that Caspase 9 activation and Mk-particle biogenesis are directly modulated by TIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Luff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Chen-Yuan Kao
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Vrbensky
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ishac Nazy
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lisa J. Toltl
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Catherine Ross
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nikola Ivetic
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - James W. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John G. Kelton
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Donald M. Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Canada
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12
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Chen S, Hu M, Shen M, Xu Y, Wang C, Wang X, Li F, Zeng D, Chen F, Zhao G, Chen M, Wang F, Cheng T, Su Y, Zhao J, Wang S, Wang J. Dopamine induces platelet production from megakaryocytes via oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways. Platelets 2017; 29:702-708. [PMID: 29119850 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1356451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), a catecholamine neurotransmitter, is known to for its diverse roles on hematopoiesis, yet its function in thrombopoiesis remains poorly understood. This study shows that DA stimulation can directly induce platelet production from megakaryocytes (MKs) in the final stages of thrombopoiesis via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent pathway. The mechanism was suggested by the results that DA treatment could significantly elevate the ROS levels in MKs, and time-dependently activate oxidative stress-mediated signaling, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and caspase-3 signaling pathways, while the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and L-glutathione could effectively inhibit the activation of these signaling pathways, as well as the ROS increase and platelet production triggered by DA. Therefore, our data revealed that the direct role and mechanism of DA in thrombopoiesis, which provides new insights into the function recognition of DA in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yang Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Cheng Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fengju Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dongfeng Zeng
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fang Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Gaomei Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Mo Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Tianmin Cheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yongping Su
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- b Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Song Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Junping Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
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13
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Abstract
Autophagy is an effective strategy for cell development by recycling cytoplasmic constituents. Genetic deletion of autophagy mediator Atg7 in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can lead to failure of megakaryopoiesis and enhanced autophagy has been implicated in various hematological disorders such as immune thrombocytopenia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Here, we examined the hypothesis that optimal autophagy is essential for megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis by altering autophagy using pharmacological approaches. When autophagy was induced by rapamycin or inhibited by bafilomycin A1 in fetal liver cells, we observed a significant decrease in high ploidy megakaryocytes, a reduction of CD41 and CD61 co-expressing cells, and less proplatelet or platelet formation. Additionally, reduced cell size was shown in megakaryocytes derived from rapamycin, but not bafilomycin A1-treated mouse fetal liver cells. However, when autophagy was altered in mature megakaryocytes, we observed no significant change in proplatelet formation, which was consistent with normal platelet counts, megakaryocyte numbers, and ploidy in Atg7flox/flox PF4-Cre mice with megakaryocyte- and platelet-specific deletion of autophagy-related gene Atg7. Therefore, our findings suggest that either induction or inhibition of autophagy in the early stage of megakaryopoiesis suppresses megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Tao You
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,d Jiangsu Institute of Hematology of The First Affiliated Hospital , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Hongqiong Fan
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Tinatian Chu
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,d Jiangsu Institute of Hematology of The First Affiliated Hospital , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- f Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Li Zhu
- a Cyrus Tang Hematology Center , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,b Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,c MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.,e Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive and translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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14
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Abstract
The study of patients with inherited bleeding problems is a powerful approach in determining the function and regulation of important proteins in human platelets and their precursor, the megakaryocyte. The normal range of platelet counts in the bloodstream ranges from 150 000 to 400 000 platelets per microliter and is normally maintained within a narrow range for each individual. This requires a constant balance between thrombopoiesis, which is primarily controlled by the cytokine thrombopoietin (TPO), and platelet senescence and consumption. Thrombocytopenia can be defined as a platelet count of less than 150 000 per microliter and can be acquired or inherited. Heritable forms of thrombocytopenia are caused by mutations in genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation, platelet production and platelet removal. In this review, we will discuss the main causative genes known for inherited thrombocytopenia and highlight their diverse functions and whether these give clues on the processes of platelet production, platelet function and platelet lifespan. Additionally, we will highlight the recent advances in novel genes identified for inherited thrombocytopenia and their suggested function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Johnson
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , UK
| | - Sarah J Fletcher
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , UK
| | - Neil V Morgan
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , UK
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15
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Sim X, Poncz M, Gadue P, French DL. Understanding platelet generation from megakaryocytes: implications for in vitro-derived platelets. Blood 2016; 127:1227-33. [PMID: 26787738 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-607929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic discs derived from megakaryocytes that circulate in the blood and have major roles in hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular biology. Platelet transfusions are required to prevent the potentially life-threatening complications of severe thrombocytopenia seen in a variety of medical settings including cancer therapy, trauma, and sepsis. Platelets used in the clinic are currently donor-derived which is associated with concerns over sufficient availability, quality, and complications due to immunologic and/or infectious issues. To overcome our dependence on donor-derived platelets for transfusion, efforts have been made to generate in vitro-based platelets. Work in this area has advanced our understanding of the complex processes that megakaryocytes must undergo to generate platelets both in vivo and in vitro. This knowledge has also defined the challenges that must be overcome to bring in vitro-based platelet manufacturing to a clinical reality. This review will focus on our understanding of committed megakaryocytes and platelet release in vivo and in vitro, and how this knowledge can guide the development of in vitro-derived platelets for clinical application.
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Machlus KR, Wu SK, Stumpo DJ, Soussou TS, Paul DS, Campbell RA, Kalwa H, Michel T, Bergmeier W, Weyrich AS, Blackshear PJ, Hartwig JH, Italiano JE Jr. Synthesis and dephosphorylation of MARCKS in the late stages of megakaryocyte maturation drive proplatelet formation. Blood 2016; 127:1468-80. [PMID: 26744461 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-663146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential for hemostasis, and thrombocytopenia is a major clinical problem. Megakaryocytes (MKs) generate platelets by extending long processes, proplatelets, into sinusoidal blood vessels. However, very little is known about what regulates proplatelet formation. To uncover which proteins were dynamically changing during this process, we compared the proteome and transcriptome of round vs proplatelet-producing MKs by 2D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and polysome profiling, respectively. Our data revealed a significant increase in a poorly-characterized MK protein, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), which was upregulated 3.4- and 5.7-fold in proplatelet-producing MKs in 2D DIGE and polysome profiling analyses, respectively. MARCKS is a protein kinase C (PKC) substrate that binds PIP2. In MKs, it localized to both the plasma and demarcation membranes. MARCKS inhibition by peptide significantly decreased proplatelet formation 53%. To examine the role of MARCKS in the PKC pathway, we treated MKs with polymethacrylate (PMA), which markedly increased MARCKS phosphorylation while significantly inhibiting proplatelet formation 84%, suggesting that MARCKS phosphorylation reduces proplatelet formation. We hypothesized that MARCKS phosphorylation promotes Arp2/3 phosphorylation, which subsequently downregulates proplatelet formation; both MARCKS and Arp2 were dephosphorylated in MKs making proplatelets, and Arp2 inhibition enhanced proplatelet formation. Finally, we used MARCKS knockout (KO) mice to probe the direct role of MARCKS in proplatelet formation; MARCKS KO MKs displayed significantly decreased proplatelet levels. MARCKS expression and signaling in primary MKs is a novel finding. We propose that MARCKS acts as a "molecular switch," binding to and regulating PIP2 signaling to regulate processes like proplatelet extension (microtubule-driven) vs proplatelet branching (Arp2/3 and actin polymerization-driven).
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