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Zhang Q, Teow JY, Kerishnan JP, Abd Halim AA, Chen Y. Clusterin and Its Isoforms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Potential as Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051458. [PMID: 37239129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of head and neck cancer, ranked as the sixth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 300,000 new cases and 145,000 deaths annually. Early detection using biomarkers significantly increases the 5-year survival rate of OSCC by up to 80-90%. Clusterin (CLU), also known as apolipoprotein J, is a sulfated chaperonic glycoprotein expressed in all tissues and human fluids and has been reported to be a potential biomarker of OSCC. CLU has been implicated as playing a vital role in many biological processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle, etc. Abnormal CLU expression has been linked with the development and progression of cancers. Despite the fact that there are many studies that have reported the involvement of CLU and its isoforms in OSCC, the exact roles of CLU and its isoforms in OSCC carcinogenesis have not been fully explored. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of CLU structure and genetics and its correlation with OSCC tumorigenesis to better understand potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development. The relationship between CLU and chemotherapy resistance in cancer will also be discussed to explore the therapeutic application of CLU and its isoforms in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jun Yao Teow
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Adyani Azizah Abd Halim
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Retraction: Prognostic Role of Secretory Clusterin in Multiple Human Malignant Neoplasms: A Meta-Analysis of 26 Immunohistochemistry Studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285567. [PMID: 37141216 PMCID: PMC10159117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
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Demirbas S, Yerlikaya FH, Yosunkaya S, Can U, Celalettin K. The investigation of levels of endothelial cell-specific molecule, progranuline, clusterin, and human epididymis protein 4 in the differential diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32471. [PMID: 36595996 PMCID: PMC9803442 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin (PGRN), endothelial cell-specific molecule-1, clusterin (CLU), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE-4) are novel proteins reported to have diagnostic and prognostic potential in lung cancer. Here, we aimed to identify the markers with high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing malignant pleural fluids from other pleural fluids. METHODS This prospective, descriptive study was conducted at a medical faculty hospital between 2016 and 2019. The study population consisted of 90 patients <18 years of age with pleural effusion (PE). Levels of pleural fluids of PGRN, endothelial cell-specific molecule-1, CLU, and HE-4 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits under the manufacturer's manual. RESULTS Of 90 patients, 54 were men, and 36 were women (mean age 65 ± 16 years). Of pleural fluids investigated, 23 (25%) and 67 (74%) were transudates and exudates, respectively. Of exudates, while 27 (40%) and 19 (28%) were parapneumonic PE and tuberculous PE, respectively, 20 (29%) were malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Levels of all biomarkers in exudate fluids were found significantly higher than those of transudate fluids. CLU, HE-4, and PGRN levels in MPE were also found significantly higher than benign fluids (P < .05). Cutoff values were achieved by receiver operating characteristics analysis for CLU, HE-4, and PGRN to distinguish between malignant and benign groups. For diagnosis of MPE, the sensitivity and specificity values were found as 0.66 and 0.67 for a cutoff value of CLU of 18.29 mg/L (P = .00), as 0.76 and 0.76 for a cutoff value of HE-4 of 9.33 mg/L (P = .00), and as 0.66 and 0.67 for a cutoff value of PGRN of 105.91 mg/L (P = .001). CONCLUSION HE-4 having high sensitivity and specificity can be a potential diagnostic marker in distinguishing between malignant and benign effusions, and these findings can constitute a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Demirbas
- Department of Chest Diseases, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmetin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
- * Correspondence: Soner Demirbas, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Necmetin Erbakan University, Selçuklu, Konya 42080, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - Fatma Hümeyra Yerlikaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Yosunkaya
- Department of Chest Diseases, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmetin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ummugulsum Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Korkmaz Celalettin
- Department of Chest Diseases, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmetin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Yao M, Sai W, Zheng W, Wang L, Dong Z, Yao D. Secretory Clusterin as a Novel Molecular-targeted Therapy for Inhibiting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3290-3301. [PMID: 31232234 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190624161158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although secretory clusterin (sCLU) plays a crucial role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) cells proliferation, Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR), metastasis and so on, its targeted effects and exact mechanism are still unknown. This review summarizes some new progress in sCLU as a molecular-targeted therapy in the treatment of HCC. METHODS A systematic review of the published English-language literature about sCLU and HCC has been performed using the PubMed and bibliographic databases. Some valuable studies on sCLU in HCC progression were searched for relevant articles with the keywords: HCC, diagnosis, MDR, as molecular-targeted in treatment, and so on. RESULTS The incidence of the positive rate of sCLU was significantly higher in HCC tissues as compared to the surrounding tissues at mRNA or protein level, gradually increasing with tumor-nodemetastasis staging (P<0.05). Also, the abnormal level of sCLU was related to poor differentiation degree, and considered as a useful marker for HCC diagnosis or independent prognosis for patients. Hepatic sCLU could be silenced at mRNA level by specific sCLU-shRNA or by OGX-011 to inhibit cancer cell proliferation with an increase in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, reversal MDR, alteration of cell migration or invasion behaviors, and a decrease in GSK-3β or AKT phosphorylation in vitro, as well as significant suppression of the xenograft growth by down-regulating β-catenin, p-GSK3β, and cyclinD1 expression in vivo. CONCLUSION Abnormal hepatic sCLU expression should not only be a new diagnostic biomarker but also a novel promising target for inhibiting HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenli Sai
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhizhen Dong
- Department of Diagnostics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang X, Yu Y, Zang L, Zhang P, Ma J, Chen D. Targeting Clusterin Induces Apoptosis, Reduces Growth Ability and Invasion and Mediates Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:131-139. [PMID: 31433751 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190821151120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of sCLU in relation to the
clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with untreated High-Grade Osteosarcoma
(HGOS) and to evaluate sCLU as a target for osteosarcoma (OS) therapies.
Methods:
The expression of sCLU in 98 patients of HGOS enrolled from April 2005 to March 2015 at
the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The sCLU expression,
clinical data and survival were compared. siRNA-mediated sCLU gene silencing on cell apoptosis,
viability, invasion and chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in U2OS cells in vitro was evaluated.
Results:
sCLU expression was found in 59 (60%) of the 98 patients. A positive correlation was observed
between sCLU expression and metastatic disease (P = 0.036) and a negative correlation between
sCLU expression and response to chemotherapy (P = 0.002). Targeting sCLU expression in
U2OS cells induced significant reduction in cellular growth and higher rates of spontaneous endogenous
apoptosis. In addition, targeting sCLU expression inhibited the invasion of U2OS cells. Furthermore,
targeting sCLU expression significantly sensitized to chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin.
Conclusions:
The overexpression of sCLU was significantly correlated with metastasis and chemosensitivity
in patients with HGOS. sCLU may be a promising therapeutic or chemopreventive target for
human OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Lingna Zang
- Department of PET-CT, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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Sorbi F, Projetto E, Turrini I, Baroni G, Pillozzi S, Ghizzoni V, Vergoni F, Castiglione F, Malentacchi F, Fambrini M, Noci I. Luteinizing Hormone/Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor Immunohistochemical Score Associated with Poor Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer Patients. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:1618056. [PMID: 29808163 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1618056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a scoring system of the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCG-R) in endometrial cancer (EC) patients. Nonconsecutive hysterectomy specimens containing EC collected from April 2013 to October 2015 were selected. Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections from each case were reviewed and representative sections from each tumor were selected. IHC staining was performed for the detection of LHCG-R. The percentage of stained cells and the staining intensity were assessed in order to develop an immunohistochemical score. Moreover, we examined the correlation of the score with grading and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between grading and IHC scoring (p = 0.01) and a statistically significant positive correlation between LVSI and IHC score (p < 0.01). In conclusion, we suggest that the immunohistochemical score presented here could be used as a marker of bad prognosis of EC patients. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to validate it. The study was registered in the Careggi Hospital public trials registry with the following number: 2013/0011391.
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Zheng W, Yao M, Qian Q, Sai W, Qiu L, Yang J, Wu W, Dong Z, Yao D. Oncogenic secretory clusterin in hepatocellular carcinoma: Expression at early staging and emerging molecular target. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52321-52332. [PMID: 28881732 PMCID: PMC5581031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression by contributing to angiogenesis, chemoresistance, cell survival, and metastasis. However, the sCLU expression at early stage of HCC progression remains to be clarified. In this study, the alteration of sCLU oncogenicity was firstly evaluated in HCC- and their para-cancerous- tissues. The incidence of sCLU expression in HCC was significantly higher than that in their non-tumorous tissues at message RNA (mRNA) or protein level, gradually increasing with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging. Abnormal sCLU expression was associated with the poor differentiation, TNM stage, and considered as an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. Furthermore, silencing sCLU gene transcription inhibited the colony formation and proliferation of HCC cells, with decreasing phosphorylation level of AKT and GSK-3β in HCCLM3 cells in vitro and significantly suppressed the HCC xenograft growth in vivo, suggesting that sCLU with oncogenicity should be not only an early indicator but also novel potential molecular-targeted therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenli Sai
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liwei Qiu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhizhen Dong
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Diagnostics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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