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Xu F, Earp JE, Blissmer BJ, Lofgren IE, Delmonico MJ, Greene GW. The Demographic Specific Abdominal Fat Composition and Distribution Trends in US Adults from 2011 to 2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12103. [PMID: 36231408 PMCID: PMC9565041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rising awareness of abdominal adiposity associated health problems and demographic health disparities, research is lacking about abdominal fat trends using a national representative sample of US adults. Our purpose was to examine national demographic specific abdominal fat composition and distribution trends from 2011 to 2018. This trend analysis was using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (n = 13,163). Visceral adipose percent (VAT%), visceral adipose tissue area (VAA) and visceral to subcutaneous adipose area ratio (VSR) were utilized in data analyses. Multiple polynomial linear regression was utilized with adjustment for confounding variables. Our findings revealed that VAT%, VAA and VSR trends were concave among all demographic groups. The VAT%, VAA and/or VSR changes were observed in most demographic groups (p < 0.05) except younger, White and Black respondents. The pattern was consistent with biennial increases up to 2014 or 2016 followed by decreases in 2017-2018. There were demographic disparities, with middle-aged respondents and Hispanics having the most evident VAT%, VSR and/or VAA changes biennially when compared to their counterparts (p < 0.05). In conclusion, abdominal fat composition and distribution increased before 2014 or 2016 but decreased afterwards with variations by age and/or race/ethnicity. Further research is needed to explore the possible causes of abdominal fat changes overtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Xu
- School of Education, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jacob E. Earp
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bryan J. Blissmer
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ingrid E. Lofgren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey W. Greene
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Santos FSD, Oliveira IOD, Mintem GC, Horta BL, Gigante DP. Epidemiology of interleukin-6: the 30-year follow-up of the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:525-533. [PMID: 35105198 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1998619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death globally. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a biomarker of cardiovascular risk. AIM To investigate factors associated with IL-6 concentration in serum, from early life up to 30 years of age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In the 2012-2013 follow-up, IL-6 was measured in 2809 participants of the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort (1369 males). Multivariable linear regressions, stratified by sex, were performed to evaluate the associations of African ancestry, family income and maternal education at birth, monthly income and education at 30 years, smoking status, harmful alcohol intake, physical activity, and body composition with IL-6, considering a conceptual hierarchical framework. RESULTS Males with low educational levels and current smokers had the highest mean IL-6. Among females, African ancestry and low monthly income were associated with the highest mean values for the outcome. Physical activity had an inverse association with IL-6 concentration among females. A direct relationship was observed between the measures of adiposity on IL-6, in both sexes. CONCLUSION Body composition was the main predictor for the outcome evaluated in males and females. Thus, the avoidance of overweight remains an important strategy for the prevention and control of cardiovascular risk and biomarkers associated with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gicele Costa Mintem
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Denise Petrucci Gigante
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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de Oliveira PD, Wehrmeister FC, Horta BL, Pérez-Padilla R, de França GVA, Gigante DP, Barros FC, Ong KK, De Lucia Rolfe E, Menezes AMB. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adiposity and pulmonary function in 30-year-old adults: a cross-sectional analysis nested in a birth cohort. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:157. [PMID: 29179743 PMCID: PMC5704528 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have verified body fat distribution in association with pulmonary function (PF), mainly waist circumference, but few have used measures able to distinguish abdominal fat compartments. The present study aims to verify the association of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with PF measures. METHODS In 1982, all hospital births occurring in Pelotas, Brazil, were identified and those livebirths have been followed. In 2012-13, the cohort participants were evaluated and VAT and SAT measured using ultrasound; forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC) were patronized in z-scores stratified by sex. The associations were verified using crude and adjusted linear regressions. RESULTS The present analyses comprised 3438 individuals (1721 women). VAT was inversely associated with spirometric parameters, in both crude and adjusted models. SAT showed inverse associations in the crude analyzes in males and a positive trend after adjustment, except for SAT and FVC in males. To each centimeter of VAT, mean adjusted FEV1 z-scores decreased 0.072 (95% CI -0.107; -0.036) in men and 0.127 (95% CI -0.164; -0.090) in women, and FVC z-scores decreased -0.075 (95% CI -0.111; -0.039) and 0.121 (95% CI -0.158; -0.083), in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS VAT has a consistent inverse association with FEV1 and FVC in both sexes. On the other hand, SAT showed inconsistent results with PF parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Duarte de Oliveira
- Federal University of Pelotas - Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, Pelotas, RS, Zip code: 96020-220, Brazil.
| | - Fernando César Wehrmeister
- Federal University of Pelotas - Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, Pelotas, RS, Zip code: 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Federal University of Pelotas - Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, Pelotas, RS, Zip code: 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Rogelio Pérez-Padilla
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Calzada De Tlalpan, 4502, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Denise P Gigante
- Federal University of Pelotas - Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, Pelotas, RS, Zip code: 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Catholic University of Pelotas - Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Pelotas, RS, Zip code: 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Ken K Ong
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Maria Baptista Menezes
- Federal University of Pelotas - Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, 3° andar, Pelotas, RS, Zip code: 96020-220, Brazil
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