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Ren G, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Xue X, Fan H. Research Progress of Small Plant Peptides on the Regulation of Plant Growth, Development, and Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4114. [PMID: 38612923 PMCID: PMC11012589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Small peptides in plants are typically characterized as being shorter than 120 amino acids, with their biologically active variants comprising fewer than 20 amino acids. These peptides are instrumental in regulating plant growth, development, and physiological processes, even at minimal concentrations. They play a critical role in long-distance signal transduction within plants and act as primary responders to a range of stress conditions, including salinity, alkalinity, drought, high temperatures, and cold. This review highlights the crucial roles of various small peptides in plant growth and development, plant resistance to abiotic stress, and their involvement in long-distance transport. Furthermore, it elaborates their roles in the regulation of plant hormone biosynthesis. Special emphasis is given to the functions and mechanisms of small peptides in plants responding to abiotic stress conditions, aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers working on the comprehensive study and practical application of small peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (G.R.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.X.)
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (G.R.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.X.)
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Zengting Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (G.R.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Xin Xue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (G.R.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (G.R.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.X.)
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Shen X, Stührwohldt N, Lin C. The Research Process of PSK Biosynthesis, Signaling Transduction, and Potential Applications in Brassica napus. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3075. [PMID: 37687322 PMCID: PMC10489974 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a disulfated pentapeptide that acts as a growth regulator to control plant growth and development as well as adaptability to biotic and abiotic stress. In the last three decades, PSK has drawn increasing attention due to its various functions. Preproproteins that have been tyrosine sulfonylated and then cleaved by specific enzymes contribute to mature PSK. To transfer a signal from the apoplast to the inner cells, the PSK peptide must bind to the PSK receptors (PSKR1 and PSKR2) at the cell surface. The precise mechanism of PSK signal transduction is still unknown, given that PSKR combines receptor and kinase activity with a capacity to bind calmodulin (CaM). The binding of PSK and PSKR stimulates an abundance of cGMP downstream from PSKR, further activating a cation-translocating unit composed of cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 17 (CNGC17), H+-ATPases AHA1 and AHA2, and BRI-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1). Recently, it has been revealed that posttranslational ubiquitination is closely related to the control of PSK and PSKR binding. To date, the majority of studies related to PSK have used Arabidopsis. Given that rapeseed and Arabidopsis share a close genetic relationship, the relevant knowledge obtained from Arabidopsis can be further applied to rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Nils Stührwohldt
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
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Chowdhury AT, Hasan MN, Bhuiyan FH, Islam MQ, Nayon MRW, Rahaman MM, Hoque H, Jewel NA, Ashrafuzzaman M, Prodhan SH. Identification, characterization of Apyrase (APY) gene family in rice (Oryza sativa) and analysis of the expression pattern under various stress conditions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0273592. [PMID: 37163561 PMCID: PMC10171694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apyrase (APY) is a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) which is a member of the superfamily of guanosine diphosphatase 1 (GDA1)-cluster of differentiation 39 (CD39) nucleoside phosphatase. Under various circumstances like stress, cell growth, the extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) level increases, causing a detrimental influence on cells such as cell growth retardation, ROS production, NO burst, and apoptosis. Apyrase hydrolyses eATP accumulated in the extracellular membrane during stress, wounds, into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and regulates the stress-responsive pathway in plants. This study was designed for the identification, characterization, and for analysis of APY gene expression in Oryza sativa. This investigation discovered nine APYs in rice, including both endo- and ecto-apyrase. According to duplication event analysis, in the evolution of OsAPYs, a significant role is performed by segmental duplication. Their role in stress control, hormonal responsiveness, and the development of cells is supported by the corresponding cis-elements present in their promoter regions. According to expression profiling by RNA-seq data, the genes were expressed in various tissues. Upon exposure to a variety of biotic as well as abiotic stimuli, including anoxia, drought, submergence, alkali, heat, dehydration, salt, and cold, they showed a differential expression pattern. The expression analysis from the RT-qPCR data also showed expression under various abiotic stress conditions, comprising cold, salinity, cadmium, drought, submergence, and especially heat stress. This finding will pave the way for future in-vivo analysis, unveil the molecular mechanisms of APY genes in stress response, and contribute to the development of stress-tolerant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniqua Tasnim Chowdhury
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmid H Bhuiyan
- Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Qamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rakib Wazed Nayon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mashiur Rahaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hammadul Hoque
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Nurnabi Azad Jewel
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsul H Prodhan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Yadav N, Nagar P, Rakhi R, Kumar A, Rai A, Mustafiz A. Transcript profiling of Polycomb gene family in Oryza sativa indicates their abiotic stress-specific response. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1211-1227. [PMID: 36197542 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The precise regulation of gene expression is required for the determination of cell fate, differentiation, and developmental programs in eukaryotes. The Polycomb Group (PcG) genes are the key transcriptional regulators that constitute the repressive system, with two major protein complexes, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Previous studies have demonstrated the significance of these proteins in regulation of normal growth and development processes. However, the role of PcG in adaptation of crops to abiotic stress is still not well understood. The present study aimed to a comprehensive genome-wide identification of the PcG gene family in one of the economically important staple crops, Oryza sativa. Here, a total of 14 PcG genes have been identified, which were distributed over eight chromosomes. Protein structure analysis revealed that both the complexes have distinct domain and motifs that are conserved within the complexes. In silico promoter analysis showed that PcG gene promoters have abundance of abiotic stress-responsive elements. RNA-seq based expression analysis revealed that PcG genes are differentially expressed in different tissues and responded variably in different environmental stress. Validation of gene expression by qRT-PCR showed that most of the genes were upregulated at 1-h time point in shoot tissue and at 24-h time point in root tissue under the drought and salinity stress conditions. These findings provide important and extensive information on the PcG family of O. sativa, which will pave the path for understanding their role in stress signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Yadav
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Preeti Nagar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - R Rakhi
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Archita Rai
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ananda Mustafiz
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Zhang D, Wang R, Han S, Li Z, Xiao J, Li Y, Wang L, Li S. Transcriptome Analysis of Sugarcane Young Leaves and Protoplasts after Enzymatic Digestion. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1210. [PMID: 36013389 DOI: 10.3390/life12081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane somatic cell hybridization can break through the barrier of genetic incompatibility between distantly related species in traditional breeding. However, the molecular mechanisms of sugarcane protoplast regeneration and the conditions for protoplast preparation remain largely unknown. In this study, young sugarcane (ROC22) leaves were enzymatically digested, and the viability of protoplasts reached more than 90% after enzymatic digestion (Enzymatic combination: 2% cellulase + 0.5% pectinase + 0.1% dissociative enzyme + 0.3% hemicellulase, pH = 5.8). Transcriptome sequencing was performed on young sugarcane leaves and protoplasts after enzymatic digestion to analyze the differences in gene expression in somatic cells before and after enzymatic digestion. A total of 117,411 unigenes and 43,460 differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 21,123 were up-regulated and 22,337 down-regulated. The GO terms for the 43,460 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified into three main categories: biological process, cellular component and molecular function, which related to developmental process, growth, cell proliferation, transcription regulator activity, signal transducer activity, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, kinase activity, cell cycle, cell differentiation, plant hormone signal transduction, and so on. After enzymatic digestion of young sugarcane leaves, the expressions of GAUT, CESA, PSK, CyclinB, CyclinA, CyclinD3 and cdc2 genes associated with plant regeneration were significantly down-regulated to 65%, 47%, 2%, 18.60%, 21.32%, 52% and 45% of young leaves, respectively. After enzymatic digestion, Aux/IAA expression was up-regulated compared with young leaves, and Aux/IAA expression was 3.53 times higher than that of young leaves. Compared with young leaves, these key genes were significantly changed after enzymatic digestion. These results indicate that the process of somatic enzymatic digestion process may affect the regeneration of heterozygous cells to a certain extent.
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Eragam A, Shukla V, Kola VS, Latha P, Akkareddy S, Kommana ML, Ramireddy E, Vemireddy LR. Yield-associated putative gene regulatory networks in Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica and their association with high-yielding genotypes. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7649-7663. [PMID: 35612779 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in population and economies of developing countries in Asia and Africa, the research towards securing future food demands is an imminent need. Among japonica and indica genotypes, indica rice varieties are largely cultivated across the globe. However, our present understanding of yield-contributing gene information stems mainly from japonica and studies on the yield potential of indica genotypes are limited. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, yield contributing orthologous genes previously characterized from japonica varieties were identified in the indica genome and analysed with binGO tool for GO biological processes categorization. Transcription factor binding site enrichment analysis in the promoters of yield-related genes of indica was performed with MEME-AME tool that revealed putative common TF regulators are enriched in flower development, two-component signalling and water deprivation biological processes. Gene regulatory networks revealed important TF-target interactions that might govern yield-related traits. Some of the identified candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR analysis for their expression and association with yield-related traits among 16 widely cultivated popular indica genotypes. Further, SNP-metabolite-trait association analysis was performed using high-yielding indica variety Rasi. This resulted in the identification of putative SNP variations in TF regulators and targeted yield genes significantly linked with metabolite accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests some of the high yielding indica genotypes such as Ravi003, Rasi and Kavya could be used as potential donors in breeding programs based on yield gene expression analysis and SNP-metabolites associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Eragam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, India
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER Tirupati), Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Vishnu Shukla
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER Tirupati), Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Vijaya Sudhakararao Kola
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER Tirupati), Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - P Latha
- Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), ANGRAU, Tirupati, India
| | | | - Madhavi L Kommana
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, India
| | - Eswarayya Ramireddy
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER Tirupati), Tirupati, 517507, India.
| | - Lakshminarayana R Vemireddy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, India.
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Nagar P, Sharma N, Jain M, Sharma G, Prasad M, Mustafiz A. OsPSKR15, a phytosulfokine receptor from rice enhances abscisic acid response and drought stress tolerance. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13569. [PMID: 34549425 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone that acts as stimuli and plays an important role in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) help to detect extracellular stimuli and activate downstream signaling responses to modulate a variety of biological processes. Phytosulfokine receptor (PSKR), a Leu-rich repeat (LRR)-RLK, has been characterized for its role in growth, development and biotic stress. Here, we observed that OsPSKR15, a rice PSKR, was upregulated by ABA in Oryza sativa. We demonstrated OsPSKR15 is a positive regulator in plant response to ABA. Ectopic expression of OsPSKR15 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the sensitivity to ABA during germination, growth and stomatal closure. Consistently, the expression of ABA-inducible genes was significantly upregulated in these plants. OsPSKR15 also regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated ABA signaling in guard cells, thereby governing stomatal closure. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of OsPSKR15 enhanced drought tolerance by reducing the transpirational water loss in Arabidopsis. We also reported that OsPSKR15 directly interacts with AtPYL9 and its orthologue OsPYL11 of rice through its kinase domain in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Altogether, these results reveal an important role of OsPSKR15 in plant response toward abiotic stress in an ABA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Nagar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Muskan Jain
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Sharma
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananda Mustafiz
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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de Souza JV, Kondal M, Zaborniak P, Cairns R, Bronowska AK. Controlling the Heterodimerisation of the Phytosulfokine Receptor 1 (PSKR1) via Island Loop Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1806. [PMID: 33670396 PMCID: PMC7918699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a phytohormone responsible for cell-to-cell communication in plants, playing a pivotal role in plant development and growth. The binding of PSK to its cognate receptor, PSKR1, is modulated by the formation of a binding site located between a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of PSKR1 and the loop located in the receptor's island domain (ID). The atomic resolution structure of the extracellular PSKR1 bound to PSK has been reported, however, the intrinsic dynamics of PSK binding and the architecture of the PSKR1 binding site remain to be understood. In this work, we used atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations to elucidate how the PSKR1 island domain (ID) loop forms and binds PSK. Moreover, we report a novel "druggable" binding site which could be exploited for the targeted modulation of the PSKR1-PSK binding by small molecules. We expect that our results will open new ways to modulate the PSK signalling cascade via small molecules, which can result in new crop control and agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. de Souza
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Matthew Kondal
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Piotr Zaborniak
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ryland Cairns
- Fontus Environmental, High Garth, Thirsk YO7 3PX, UK;
| | - Agnieszka K. Bronowska
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.K.); (P.Z.)
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