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Balière C, Calvez E, Thiberge JM, Somlor S, Vandenbogaert M, Grandadam M, Caro V. A Six Years (2010-2016) Longitudinal Survey of the Four Serotypes of Dengue Viruses in Lao PDR. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36838207 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral infection of humans in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1979, dengue has been reported to be endemic in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), as in many countries in Southeast Asia, with a complex circulation of the four dengue viruses' serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4). By sequencing the complete envelope protein, we explored a panel of samples from five Lao Provinces (Vientiane capital, Luangprabang, Bolikhamxay, Saravane, Attapeu) to enrich knowledge about the co-circulation of DENVs in Lao PDR between 2010 and 2016. Phylogenetic analyses highlighted the specific circulation of DENV-1 genotype I, DENV-2 genotype Asian I, DENV-4 genotype I and the co-circulation of DENV-3 genotype II and III. The continuous co-circulation of the four serotypes was underlined, with genotype or cluster shifts among DENV-3 and DENV-1. These data suggested the emergence or re-emergence of DENV strains associated with epidemic events, potentially linked to the exchanges within the territory and with neighboring countries. Indeed, the increasing local or regional connections favored the dissemination of new isolates or new clusters around the country. Since 2012, the surveillance and alert system created in Vientiane capital by the Institut Pasteur du Laos appears to be a strategic tool for monitoring the circulation of the four serotypes, especially in this endemic country, and allows for improving dengue epidemiological knowledge to anticipate epidemic events better.
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Calvez E, Bounmany P, Somlor S, Xaybounsou T, Viengphouthong S, Keosenhom S, Brey PT, Lacoste V, Grandadam M. Multiple chikungunya virus introductions in Lao PDR from 2014 to 2020. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271439. [PMID: 35839218 PMCID: PMC9286254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The first documented chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) occurred in 2012–2013. Since then, several imported and a few autochthonous cases were identified by the national arbovirus surveillance network. The present study aimed to summarize the main genetic features of the CHIKV strains detected in Lao PDR between 2014 and 2020. Samples from Lao patients presenting symptoms compatible with a CHIKV infection were centralized in Vientiane Capital city for real-time RT-PCR screening. Molecular epidemiology was performed by sequencing the E2-6K-E1 region. From 2014 to 2020, two Asian lineage isolates (e.g. French Polynesia; Indonesia), one ECSA-IOL lineage isolate (e.g. Thailand) and one unclassified (e.g. Myanmar) were imported in Vientiane Capital city. Sequences from the autochthonous cases recorded in the Central and Southern parts of the country between July and September 2020 belonged to the ECSA-IOL lineage and clustered with CHIKV strains recently detected in neighboring countries. These results demonstrate the multiple CHIKV introductions in Lao PDR since 2014 and provide evidence for sporadic and time-limited circulation of CHIKV in the country. Even if the circulation of CHIKV seems to be geographically and temporally limited in Lao PDR, the development of international tourism and trade may cause future outbreaks of CHIKV in the country and at the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Calvez
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Phaithong Bounmany
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Somphavanh Somlor
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Thonglakhone Xaybounsou
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Souksakhone Viengphouthong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Sitsana Keosenhom
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Vincent Lacoste
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
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Calvez E, Bounmany P, Balière C, Somlor S, Viengphouthong S, Xaybounsou T, Keosenhom S, Fangkham K, Brey PT, Caro V, Lacoste V, Grandadam M. Using Background Sequencing Data to Anticipate DENV-1 Circulation in the Lao PDR. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112263. [PMID: 34835389 PMCID: PMC8617722 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first detection in 1979, dengue fever has been considered a major public health issue in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Dengue virus (DENV) serotype 1 was the cause of an epidemic in 2010–2011. Between 2012 and 2020, major outbreaks due successively to DENV-3, DENV-4 and recently DENV-2 have been recorded. However, DENV-1 still co-circulated in the country over this period. Here, we summarize epidemiological and molecular data of DENV-1 between 2016 and 2020 in the Lao PDR. Our data highlight the continuous circulation of DENV-1 in the country at levels ranging from 16% to 22% among serotyping tests. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis has revealed the circulation of DENV-1 genotype I at least since 2008 with a co-circulation of different clusters. Sequence data support independent DENV-1 introductions in the Lao PDR correlated with an active circulation of this serotype at the regional level in Southeast Asia. The maintenance of DENV-1 circulation over the last ten years supports a low level of immunity against this serotype within the Lao population. Thereby, the risk of a DENV-1 epidemic cannot be ruled out in the future, and this emphasizes the importance of maintaining an integrated surveillance approach to prevent major outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Calvez
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Phaithong Bounmany
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Charlotte Balière
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Somphavanh Somlor
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Souksakhone Viengphouthong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Thonglakhone Xaybounsou
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Sitsana Keosenhom
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Kitphithak Fangkham
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
- Lao Army Institute for Preventive Medicine, Vientiane 01030, Laos
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos;
| | - Valérie Caro
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent Lacoste
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
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Calvez E, Pommelet V, Somlor S, Pompon J, Viengphouthong S, Bounmany P, Chindavong TA, Xaybounsou T, Prasayasith P, Keosenhom S, Brey PT, Telle O, Choisy M, Marcombe S, Grandadam M. Trends of the Dengue Serotype-4 Circulation with Epidemiological, Phylogenetic, and Entomological Insights in Lao PDR between 2015 and 2019. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090728. [PMID: 32899416 PMCID: PMC7557816 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue outbreaks have regularly been recorded in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) since the first detection of the disease in 1979. In 2012, an integrated arbovirus surveillance network was set up in Lao PDR and an entomological surveillance has been implemented since 2016 in Vientiane Capital. Here, we report a study combining epidemiological, phylogenetic, and entomological analyzes during the largest DENV-4 epidemic ever recorded in Lao PDR (2015-2019). Strikingly, from 2015 to 2019, we reported the DENV-4 emergence and spread at the country level after two large epidemics predominated by DENV-3 and DENV-1, respectively, in 2012-2013 and 2015. Our data revealed a significant difference in the median age of the patient infected by DENV-4 compared to the other serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the circulation of DENV-4 Genotype I at the country level since at least 2013. The entomological surveillance showed a predominance of Aedesaegypti compared to Aedesalbopictus and high abundance of these vectors in dry and rainy seasons between 2016 and 2019, in Vientiane Capital. Overall, these results emphasized the importance of an integrated approach to evaluate factors, which could impact the circulation and the epidemiological profile of dengue viruses, especially in endemic countries like Lao PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Calvez
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Virginie Pommelet
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos;
| | - Somphavanh Somlor
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Julien Pompon
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Souksakhone Viengphouthong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Phaithong Bounmany
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Thep Aksone Chindavong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Thonglakhone Xaybounsou
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Phoyphaylinh Prasayasith
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Sitsana Keosenhom
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Olivier Telle
- Centre de Sciences Humaines (CHS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Delhi 110001, India;
- Center for Policy Research (CPR), Delhi 110001, India
| | - Marc Choisy
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Sébastien Marcombe
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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