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Larra MF, Capellino S, Schwendich E, von Haugwitz L, Reinders J, Wascher E. Immediate and Delayed Salivary Cytokine Responses during Repeated Exposures to Cold Pressor Stress. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:81-92. [PMID: 36917961 DOI: 10.1159/000529625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive stress is increasingly recognized as an important trigger of many diseases prevalent in modern societies, and monitoring such stress-related effects could aid prevention. The measurement of salivary markers of inflammation is emerging as a promising tool to non-invasively quantify stress' effects on immune processes in everyday life and thereby detect early aberrations before the manifestation of serious health problems. However, more laboratory-controlled research is needed in order to establish the timescale and determinants of salivary cytokine responses to acute stress. METHODS We repeatedly exposed participants to Cold Pressor Stress Test (CPT) or a control procedure and measured a wide array of salivary cytokines as well as subjective, cardiovascular, and cortisol stress reactions. CPT exposure was repeated every 15 min, 3 times in total, with a duration of 3 min each. Saliva was sampled immediately after the first two exposures as well as in 15-min intervals until 60 min after the onset of the first intervention. RESULTS We found that many cytokines were detectable in saliva. Specific stress effects were limited to IL-8 and IL-6, however, which decreased immediately or 15 min after stress onset, respectively. Moreover, IL-8 was negatively correlated to cortisol output in the stress but not in the control group. Significant increases were also observed in salivary TNFα and IFNγ; however, these effects were similar under both stress and control conditions. DISCUSSION Our results show that particular salivary cytokines may be sensitive to immediate effects of acute CPT-induced stress and also highlight the importance of employing control procedures to discern stress effects from unrelated variations in salivary cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro F Larra
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Silvia Capellino
- Department of Immunology, Research Group of Neuroimmunology, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elena Schwendich
- Department of Immunology, Research Group of Neuroimmunology, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leon von Haugwitz
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Department of Toxicology, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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Bober P, Talian I, Mihalik D, Verbová G, Sabo J. MALDI-TOF/MS Profiling of Whole Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients with the Invisalign System and Fixed Orthodontic Appliances. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3252. [PMID: 36833947 PMCID: PMC9960105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The movement of teeth by orthodontic treatment with the Invisalign (IN) system and fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) is characterized by the reconstruction of periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and gingiva. A reflection of these phenomena can be found in the composition of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). A total of 90 samples from 45 participants (45 whole saliva and 45 GCF), including 15 patients with FOA, 15 patients with IN, and 15 patients with oral health, were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis. Mass fingerprints were generated for each sample. Three models were tested: a quick classifier (QC), a genetic algorithm (GA), and a supervised neural network (SNN). For both groups of samples (saliva and GCF), the GA model showed the highest recognition abilities of 88.89% (saliva) and 95.56% (GCF). Differences between the treated (FOA and IN) groups and the control group in saliva and GCF samples were determined using cluster analysis. In addition, we monitored the effect of long-term orthodontic treatment (after 6 months) in the lag phase of orthodontic tooth movement. The results show increased levels of inflammatory markers (α-defensins), which may indicate an ongoing inflammatory process even after 21 days from force application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bober
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Talian
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dávid Mihalik
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Verbová
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
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Kurniawan FKD, Roestamadji RI, Takahashi N, Tedjosasongko U, Narmada IB, Surboyo MDC, Diyatri I. Oral Microbiome Profiles and Inflammation in Pregnant Women Who Used Orthodontic Appliances. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10. [PMID: 35877392 DOI: 10.3390/dj10070118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is common for women to undergo orthodontic treatment during pregnancy, especially through the use of fixed orthodontic devices. In changing the oral microbiome profile, it is crucial to increase the immune responses of pregnant women using fixed orthodontics; however, changes in the microbiomes of pregnant women with orthodontic appliances can be adjusted. Therefore, we aimed to conduct research on the oral cavity microbiome profiles, specifically IL-6 and TNF-α, of pregnant women using fixed orthodontic appliances. We proposed an observational analysis of 30 third-trimester pregnant women. OHI-S was recorded, saliva collection was performed using the passive drool method for IL-6 and TNF-α, and analysis and mucosal swabs were used to determine the oral microbiome profile. Kruskal−Wallis and post hoc Bonferroni tests were used to identify any significant differences with values of p < 0.05. Of these pregnant women, those with orthodontic appliances developed 10 types of bacteria at similar levels (>80%) from the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Veillonella. There was no difference between the oral microbiomes of the control group and the pregnant women with a history of orthodontic appliance use. While the level of TNF-α in the women with orthodontic appliances was higher compared with the control group who had never used orthodontic appliances (p < 0.05), there was no difference in the IL-6 levels. The IL-6 and microbiome profile produced normal results, so the use of orthodontic appliances during pregnancy should be allowed with conditions. Pregnant women with orthodontic appliances must keep the oral cavity clean and their appliances well-maintained to avoid oral problems.
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Genç D, Bulut O, Günaydin B, Göksu M, Düzgün M, Dere Y, Sezgin S, Aladağ A, Bülbül A. Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated glandular dysfunction in Sjögren's syndrome murine model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266137. [PMID: 35511824 PMCID: PMC9070867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential for use in tissue regeneration in inflammatory diseases due to their rapid proliferating, multilineage differentiation, and strong anti-inflammatory features. In the present study, immunoregulatory and glandular tissue regeneration effects of the dental follicle (DF)MSCs in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) were investigated. METHODS Dental follicle (DF) tissues were obtained from healthy individuals during tooth extraction, tissues were digested enzymatically and DFMSCs were cultured until the third passage. DFMSCs were labeled with Quantum dot 655 for cell tracking analysis. The induction of the SS mouse model was performed by the injection of Ro60-273-289 peptide intraperitoneally. DFMSCs were injected intraperitoneally, or into submandibular, or lacrimal glands. Splenocytes were analyzed for intracellular cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10) secretion in T helper cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and B lymphocyte subsets. Histologic analysis was done for submandibular and lacrimal glands with hematoxylin-eosin staining for morphologic examination. RESULTS The systemic injection of DFMSCs significantly reduced intracellular IFN-γ and IL-17 secreting CD4+ T cells in splenocytes (p<0.05), and decreased inflammatory cell deposits and fibrosis in the glandular tissues. DFMSCs differentiated to glandular epithelial cells in submandibular and lacrimal injections with a significant reduction in lymphocytic foci. The results showed that few amounts of DFMSCs were deposited in glandular tissues when applied intraperitoneally, while high amounts of DFMSCs were located in glandular tissues and differentiated to glandular epithelial cells when applied locally in SS murine model. CONCLUSION DFMSCs have the potential for the regulation of Th1, Th17, and Treg balance in SS, and ameliorate glandular dysfunction. DFMSCs can be a beneficial therapeutic application for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Genç
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
- Research Laboratories Center, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Osman Bulut
- Milas Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Burcu Günaydin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Health Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Mizgin Göksu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Mert Düzgün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Yelda Dere
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Serhat Sezgin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversity, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Akın Aladağ
- Faculty of Dentistry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversity, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Aziz Bülbül
- Milas Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Sawan NM, Ben Gassem AA, Aldegheishem A, Alsagob EI, Alshami AA. Screening of fluoride analysis as a biochemical parameter in the orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1668-1672. [PMID: 35280557 PMCID: PMC8913414 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a critical and useful biological fluid necessary for good health and for the appropriate execution of mouth activities. Orthodontic biomaterials have a complex relationship with many components, including the oral environment. Treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances may causes dental caries. As a result, it is necessary to comprehend how orthodontic therapy and various fluoride regimens affect the chances of developing dental cavities as well as individual risk factors. Usage of fluoride will tend to reduce the caries in the patients diagnosed with the fixed orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to screen the biochemical parameter of the fluoride levels in the patients undergone and completed the treatment of orthodontic fixed appliances. In this study, 35 patients have been visited on day 1 as well as day 35 and categorized as T0 and T1 groups. Saliva samples were collected and fluoride levels were measured between T0 and T1 groups. Using the fluoride kit with the spectrophotometer, fluoride levels were measured. The results confirmed similar fluoride levels between T0 (26.11 ± 4.86) and T1 (27.71 ± 4.40) groups. There was no significant association observed in this study (p = 0.56). Fluoride might have no role in the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozha M. Sawan
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan A. Ben Gassem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanoof Aldegheishem
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman I. Alsagob
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Alshami
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
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