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Guerriero C, Fanfarillo R, Mancini P, Sterbini V, Guarguaglini G, Sforna L, Michelucci A, Catacuzzeno L, Tata AM. M2 muscarinic receptors negatively modulate cell migration in human glioblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105673. [PMID: 38185384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a very aggressive human brain tumor. The high growth potential and invasiveness make this tumor surgically and pharmacologically untreatable. Our previous work demonstrated that the activation of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M2 mAChRs) inhibited cell proliferation and survival in GB cell lines and in the cancer stem cells derived from human biopsies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of M2 mAChR to modulate cell migration in two different GB cell lines: U87 and U251. By wound healing assay and single cell migration analysis performed by time-lapse microscopy, we demonstrated the ability of M2 mAChRs to negatively modulate cell migration in U251 but not in the U87 cell line. In order to explain the different effects observed in the two cell lines we have evaluated the possible involvement of the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium (IKCa) channel. IKCa channel is present in the GB cells, and it has been demonstrated to modulate cell migration. Using the perforated patch-clamp technique we have found that selective activation of M2 mAChR significantly reduced functional density of the IKCa current in U251 but not in U87 cells. To understand whether the M2 mAChR mediated reduction of ion channel density in the U251 cell line was relevant for the cell migration impairment, we tested the effects of TRAM-34, a selective inhibitor of the IKCa channel, in wound healing assay. We found that it was able to markedly reduce U251 cell migration and significantly decrease the number of invadopodia-like structure formations. These results suggest that only in U251 cells the reduced cell migration M2 mAChR-mediated might involve, at least in part, the IKCa channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rachele Fanfarillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Luigi Sforna
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy; Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Di Bari M, Tombolillo V, Alessandrini F, Guerriero C, Fiore M, Asteriti IA, Castigli E, Sciaccaluga M, Guarguaglini G, Degrassi F, Tata AM. M2 Muscarinic Receptor Activation Impairs Mitotic Progression and Bipolar Mitotic Spindle Formation in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071727. [PMID: 34359896 PMCID: PMC8306299 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by several genetic abnormalities, leading to cell cycle deregulation and abnormal mitosis caused by a defective checkpoint. We previously demonstrated that arecaidine propargyl ester (APE), an orthosteric agonist of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), arrests the cell cycle of glioblastoma (GB) cells, reducing their survival. The aim of this work was to better characterize the molecular mechanisms responsible for this cell cycle arrest. Methods: The arrest of cell proliferation was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Using immunocytochemistry and time-lapse analysis, the percentage of abnormal mitosis and aberrant mitotic spindles were assessed in both cell lines. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the modulation of Sirtuin2 and acetylated tubulin—factors involved in the control of cell cycle progression. Results: APE treatment caused arrest in the M phase, as indicated by the increase in p-HH3 (ser10)-positive cells. By immunocytochemistry, we found a significant increase in abnormal mitoses and multipolar mitotic spindle formation after APE treatment. Time-lapse analysis confirmed that the APE-treated GB cells were unable to correctly complete the mitosis. The modulated expression of SIRT2 and acetylated tubulin in APE-treated cells provides new insights into the mechanisms of altered mitotic progression in both GB cell lines. Conclusions: Our data show that the M2 agonist increases aberrant mitosis in GB cell lines. These results strengthen the idea of considering M2 acetylcholine receptors a novel promising therapeutic target for the glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Bari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Vanessa Tombolillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesco Alessandrini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Mario Fiore
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (I.A.A.); (G.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (I.A.A.); (G.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Emilia Castigli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Miriam Sciaccaluga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (I.A.A.); (G.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesca Degrassi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (I.A.A.); (G.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.B.); (V.T.); (F.A.); (C.G.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Lucianò AM, Perciballi E, Fiore M, Del Bufalo D, Tata AM. The Combination of the M2 Muscarinic Receptor Agonist and Chemotherapy Affects Drug Resistance in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228433. [PMID: 33182656 PMCID: PMC7697391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major limits of chemotherapy is depending on the ability of the cancer cells to elude and adapt to different drugs. Recently, we demonstrated how the activation of the M2 muscarinic receptor could impair neuroblastoma cell proliferation. In the present paper, we investigate the possible effects mediated by the preferential M2 receptor agonist arecaidine propargyl ester (APE) on drug resistance in two neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-N-BE and SK-N-BE(2C), a sub-clone presenting drug resistance. In both cell lines, we compare the expression of the M2 receptor and the effects mediated by the M2 agonist APE on cell cycle, demonstrating a decreased percentage of cells in S phase and an accumulation of SK-N-BE cells in G1 phase, while the APE treatment of SK-N-BE(2C) cells induced a block in G2/M phase. The withdrawal of the M2 agonist from the medium shows that only the SK-N-BE(2C) cells are able to rescue cell proliferation. Further, we demonstrate that the co-treatment of low doses of APE with doxorubicin or cisplatin significantly counteracts cell proliferation when compared with the single treatment. Analysis of the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux pumps demonstrates the ability of the M2 agonist to downregulate their expression and that this negative modulation may be dependent on N-MYC decreased expression induced by the M2 agonist. Our data demonstrate that the combined effect of low doses of conventional drugs and the M2 agonist may represent a new promising therapeutic approach in neuroblastoma treatment, in light of its significant impact on drug resistance and the possible reduction in the side effects caused by high doses of chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Lucianò
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.L.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisa Perciballi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.L.); (E.P.)
| | - Mario Fiore
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.L.); (E.P.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Lucianò AM, Tata AM. Functional Characterization of Cholinergic Receptors in Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3141. [PMID: 33120929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the scientific community has come to terms with the importance of non-neural acetylcholine in light of its multiple biological and pathological functions within and outside the nervous system. Apart from its well-known physiological role both in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in the autonomic nervous system, and in the neuromuscular junction, the expression of the acetylcholine receptors has been detected in different peripheral organs. This evidence has contributed to highlight new roles for acetylcholine in various biological processes, (e.g., cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, migration, secretion). In addition, growing evidence in recent years has also demonstrated new roles for acetylcholine and its receptors in cancer, where they are involved in the modulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. In this review, we describe the functional characterization of acetylcholine receptors in different tumor types, placing attention on melanoma. The latest set of data accessible through literature, albeit limited, highlights how cholinergic receptors both of muscarinic and nicotinic type can play a relevant role in the migratory processes of melanoma cells, suggesting their possible involvement in invasion and metastasis.
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Piovesana R, Faroni A, Tata AM, Reid AJ. Functional Characterization of Muscarinic Receptors in Human Schwann Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6666. [PMID: 32933046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional characterization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in myelinating glial cells has been well described both in central and peripheral nervous system. Rat Schwann cells (SCs) express different muscarinic receptor subtypes with the prevalence of the M2 subtype. The selective stimulation of this receptor subtype inhibits SC proliferation, improving their differentiation towards myelinating phenotype. In this work, we describe for the first time that human SCs are cholinoceptive as they express several muscarinic receptor subtypes and, as for rat SCs, M2 receptor is one of the most abundant. Human SCs, isolated from adult nerves, were cultured in vitro and stimulated with M2 muscarinic agonist arecaidine propargyl ester (APE). Similarly to that observed in rat, M2 receptor activation causes a decreased cell proliferation and promotes SC differentiation as suggested by increased Egr2 expression with an improved spindle-like shape cell morphology. Conversely, the non-selective stimulation of muscarinic receptors appears to promote cell proliferation with a reduction of SC average cell diameter. The data obtained demonstrate that human SCs are cholinoceptive and that human cultured SCs may represent an interesting tool to understand their physiology and increase the knowledge on how the cholinergic stimulation may contribute to address human SC development in normal and pathological conditions.
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Cristofaro I, Alessandrini F, Spinello Z, Guerriero C, Fiore M, Caffarelli E, Laneve P, Dini L, Conti L, Tata AM. Cross Interaction between M2 Muscarinic Receptor and Notch1/EGFR Pathway in Human Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells: Effects on Cell Cycle Progression and Survival. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030657. [PMID: 32182759 PMCID: PMC7140674 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most aggressive form of primary brain tumors in humans. A key feature of malignant gliomas is their cellular heterogeneity. In particular, the presence of an undifferentiated cell population of defined Glioblastoma Stem cells (GSCs) was reported. Increased expression of anti-apoptotic and chemo-resistance genes in GCSs subpopulation favors their high resistance to a broad spectrum of drugs. Our previous studies showed the ability of M2 muscarinic receptors to negatively modulate the cell growth in GBM cell lines and in the GSCs. The aim of this study was to better characterize the inhibitory effects of M2 receptors on cell proliferation and survival in GSCs and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the M2-mediated cell proliferation arrest and decreased survival. Moreover, we also evaluated the ability of M2 receptors to interfere with Notch1 and EGFR pathways, whose activation promotes GSCs proliferation. Our data demonstrate that M2 receptors activation impairs cell cycle progression and survival in the primary GSC lines analyzed (GB7 and GB8). Moreover, we also demonstrated the ability of M2 receptor to inhibit Notch1 and EGFR expression, highlighting a molecular interaction between M2 receptor and the Notch-1/EGFR pathways also in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cristofaro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Francesco Alessandrini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Mario Fiore
- IBPM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (E.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Elisa Caffarelli
- IBPM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (E.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Laneve
- IBPM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (E.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.C.); (F.A.); (Z.S.); (C.G.); (L.D.)
- Research center of Neurobiology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-2822
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