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Sholevar R, Landerholm A, Kher H, Tung S, Braun I, Peteet J. Institutional Transference in Serious Illness Care. J Palliat Med 2024; 27:143-146. [PMID: 37729069 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Institutional transference is a phenomenon describing patients' attitudes toward the institutions where they receive mental health or medical care. While transference toward individual clinicians in palliative care has been described, attitudes of patients with serious illness toward the institutions where they receive specialized care have not been described. Here, we present three cases which demonstrate the phenomenon of institutional transference in patients with serious illness and the resulting clinical implications, which include countertransferential responses of clinicians caring for them. We consider three conditions: (1) the idealized reputation of the academic cancer center, often a tertiary referral center; (2) loss of an institutional connection during care transitions; and (3) countertransferential reactions to institutional transference. We highlight characteristics and personality styles of individuals with cancer that may complicate and intensify institutional transference and identify potential interventions to address common challenges associated with institutional transference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Sholevar
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela Landerholm
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hema Kher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephanie Tung
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilana Braun
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Peteet
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Camacho D, Bhattacharya A, Moore K, Aranda MP, Lukens EP. Employment of trauma informed principles in the Palabras Fuertes project: Implications for narrative research with older Latinx communities. Method Innov 2023; 16:359-373. [PMID: 38469125 PMCID: PMC10927001 DOI: 10.1177/20597991231202866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In the US, there is a growing number of older Latinx communities. Qualitative approaches such as narrative inquiry may be fruitful endeavors to elucidate their lived experiences. However, older Latinx communities, including sexual minorities, are disproportionately exposed to social, health, and historical challenges that may result in exposure to potentially traumatic events (e.g. discrimination, illness, grief, etc.). The recognition of high rates of exposure to potentially traumatic events among participants has led to the recommended adoption of Trauma Informed (TI) principles for use in non-trauma specific research. At present, there are limited examples and discussions about the implementation of TI principles in qualitative research and our literature review yielded no discussion of the use of TI principles in narrative inquiry or with older Latinx communities. In this manuscript, we advocate for the adoption of TI principles when engaging in narrative inquiry with older Latinx adults. Second, we discuss examples of TI guided practices we employed while conducting the Palabras Fuertes study of life history narratives with older Latino immigrant gay men living in New York City. Finally, based on these experiences, we provide recommendations for incorporating TI into future narrative research with older Latinx communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Camacho
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anindita Bhattacharya
- School of Social Work & Criminal Justice, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Kiara Moore
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria P Aranda
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen P Lukens
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Hudon A, Couture J, Dellazizzo L, Beaudoin M, Phraxayavong K, Potvin S, Dumais A. Dyadic Interactions of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Patients Having Followed Virtual Reality Therapy: A Content Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062299. [PMID: 36983300 PMCID: PMC10053204 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Very little is known about the inner therapeutic processes of psychotherapy interventions for patients suffering from treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Avatar therapy (AT) is one such modalities in which the patient is undergoing immersive sessions in which they interact with an Avatar representing their main persistent auditory verbal hallucination. The aim of this study is to identify the most prevalent dyadic interactions between the patient and the Avatar in AT for patient’s suffering from TRS. (2) Methods: A content analysis of 256 verbatims originating from 32 patients who completed AT between 2017 and 2022 at the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal was conducted to identify dyadic interactions between the patients and their Avatar. (3) Results: Five key dyads were identified to occur on average more than 10 times for each participant during the immersive sessions across their AT: (Avatar: Reinforcement, Patient: Self-affirmation), (Avatar: Provocation, Patient: Self-affirmation), (Avatar: Coping mechanisms, Patient: Prevention), (Patient: Self-affirmation, Avatar: Reinforcement), and (Patient: Self-appraisal, Avatar: Reinforcement). (4) Conclusion: These dyads offer a first qualitative insight to the interpersonal dynamics and patient-avatar relationships taking place during AT. Future studies on the implication of such dyadic interactions with the therapeutic outcome of AT should be conducted considering the importance of dyadic relationships in psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Hudon
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1N 3J4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Couture
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Campus Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Laura Dellazizzo
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1N 3J4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mélissa Beaudoin
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1N 3J4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1N 3J4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1N 3J4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Services et Recherches Psychiatriques AD, Montréal, QC H1C 1H1, Canada
- Institut National de Psychiatrie Légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal, QC H1C 1H1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Gori A, Topino E, Brugnera A, Compare A. Assessment of professional self-efficacy in psychological interventions and psychotherapy sessions: Development of the Therapist Self-Efficacy Scale (T-SES) and its application for eTherapy. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:2122-2144. [PMID: 35615900 PMCID: PMC9796675 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop the Therapist Self-Efficacy Scale (T-SES), and test its validity in a sample of Italian mental health therapists, to assess their professional self-efficacy concerning their practice of eTherapy in a synchronous video-based setting. METHODS A sample of 322 Italian mental health professionals (37.6% psychologists, 62.4% psychotherapists; Mage = 38.48, SD = 8.509) completed an online survey. RESULTS The T-SES showed a clear, one-factor structure with good psychometric properties. Significant associations were found with insight orientation, general self-efficacy, self-esteem, and personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. The results showed no differences between psychologists and psychotherapists, or differences based on years of experience. CONCLUSION The T-SES is an agile and versatile self-report measure for mental health professionals to assess their self-efficacy concerning their therapeutic activity, which can provide information for tailoring training for eTherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly,Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human SciencesLUMSA University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social SciencesUniversity of BergamoBergamoItaly
| | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social SciencesUniversity of BergamoBergamoItaly
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Gomes AKS, Reis MEBTD. EMOÇÕES VIVENCIADAS PELOS PSICOTERAPEUTAS-APRENDIZES NOS SERVIÇOS-ESCOLAS: UMA LEITURA PSICANALÍTICA. psicolestud 2022. [DOI: 10.4025/psicolestud.v27i0.48423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Os atendimentos clínicos realizados nos serviços-escolas são permeados por uma série de experiências emocionais vivenciadas pela díade psicoterapeuta-aprendiz/paciente. Diante das diversas nuances da clínica psicanalítica, o psicoterapeuta-aprendiz vivencia experiências que refletem em sua subjetividade. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as vivências emocionais dos estudantes de graduação em psicologia durante os estágios em clínica psicanalítica e analisar as emoções percebidas em si mesmos pelos psicoterapeutas-aprendizes nos atendimentos em psicoterapia psicanalítica. Trata-se de um estudo clínico-qualitativo, utilizando-se o referencial teórico psicanalítico. Participaram 27 estudantes de psicologia, que realizavam atendimentos nos serviços-escolas de quatro Instituições de Ensino Superior. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semidirigidas, as quais foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Nos resultados observou-se a presença das vivências de ansiedade, medo, insegurança e nervosismo, presentes no processo psicoterapêutico. A identificação com as vivências emocionais dos pacientes e as dúvidas referentes à percepção das próprias emoções, foram importantes aspectos encontrados neste estudo. Tais resultados podem contribuir para a reflexão sobre a vivência desta experiência para o psicoterapeuta-aprendiz, a fim de melhor prepará-lo para os desafios da prática clínica psicanalítica.
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Aasan OJ, Brataas HV, Nordtug B. Experience of Managing Countertransference Through Self-Guided Imagery in Meditation Among Healthcare Professionals. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:793784. [PMID: 35250661 PMCID: PMC8891567 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a part of the therapeutic relationship, a significant, well-established predictor of outcomes in psychiatric healthcare, healthcare professionals' emotional reactions to patients may affect treatment outcomes. AIM The aim of our study was to explore and describe healthcare professionals' experiences with managing countertransference using skills from a training program on self-guided imagery in meditation (SIM). METHOD Following an exploratory descriptive design, we conducted qualitative interviews with 10 healthcare professionals who care for patients with mental illness and subjected the collected data to thematic content analysis. RESULTS Participants reported that SIM had helped them to manage countertransference and had prompted changes that we categorized into three themes: managing personal vulnerability, setting clearer boundaries, and practicing self-care. CONCLUSION The results suggest that by cultivating wellbeing and dealing with unresolved inner conflicts, SIM can help healthcare professionals to manage countertransference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaug Julie Aasan
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Bente Nordtug
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
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Holohan M, Fiske A. "Like I'm Talking to a Real Person": Exploring the Meaning of Transference for the Use and Design of AI-Based Applications in Psychotherapy. Front Psychol 2021; 12:720476. [PMID: 34646209 PMCID: PMC8502869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AI-enabled virtual and robot therapy is increasingly being integrated into psychotherapeutic practice, supporting a host of emotional, cognitive, and social processes in the therapeutic encounter. Given the speed of research and development trajectories of AI-enabled applications in psychotherapy and the practice of mental healthcare, it is likely that therapeutic chatbots, avatars, and socially assistive devices will soon translate into clinical applications much more broadly. While AI applications offer many potential opportunities for psychotherapy, they also raise important ethical, social, and clinical questions that have not yet been adequately considered for clinical practice. In this article, we begin to address one of these considerations: the role of transference in the psychotherapeutic relationship. Drawing on Karen Barad’s conceptual approach to theorizing human–non-human relations, we show that the concept of transference is necessarily reconfigured within AI-human psychotherapeutic encounters. This has implications for understanding how AI-driven technologies introduce changes in the field of traditional psychotherapy and other forms of mental healthcare and how this may change clinical psychotherapeutic practice and AI development alike. As more AI-enabled apps and platforms for psychotherapy are developed, it becomes necessary to re-think AI-human interaction as more nuanced and richer than a simple exchange of information between human and nonhuman actors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holohan
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Amelia Fiske
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive and affective biases are essentially connected to heuristic shortcuts in thinking. These biases ordinarily function outside of conscious awareness and potentially affect clinical assessment, reasoning, and decision making in general medicine. However, little consideration has been given to how they may affect clinicians in the conduct of psychotherapy. This article aims to illustrate how such biases may affect assessment, formulation, and conduct of psychotherapy; describe strategies to mitigate these influences; and draw attention to the need for systematic research in this area. METHODS Cognitive and affective biases potentially influencing clinical assessment, reasoning, and decision making in medicine were identified in a selective literature review. The authors drew from their experiences as psychotherapists and psychotherapy supervisors to consider how key biases may influence psychotherapists' conduct of psychotherapy sessions. RESULTS The authors reached consensus in selecting illustrative biases pertinent to psychotherapy. Included biases related to anchoring, ascertainment, availability, base-rate neglect, commission, confirmation, framing, fundamental attribution error, omission, overconfidence, premature closure, sunk costs, and visceral reactions. Vignettes based on the authors' combined experiences are provided to illustrate how these biases could influence the conduct of psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive and affective biases are likely to play important roles in psychotherapy. Clinicians may reduce the potentially deleterious effects of biases by using a variety of mitigating strategies, including education about biases, reflective review, supervision, and feedback. How extensively these biases appear among psychotherapists and across types of psychotherapy and how their adverse effects may be most effectively alleviated to minimize harm deserve systematic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Yager
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (Yager, Kelsay); Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (Kay)
| | - Jerald Kay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (Yager, Kelsay); Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (Kay)
| | - Kimberly Kelsay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (Yager, Kelsay); Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (Kay)
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Situmorang DDB. The issues of transference and countertransference in tele-psychotherapy during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 54:102427. [PMID: 33271711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Online/cyber counseling has been named as the best way to offer counseling services during the COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of this article is to explore the use of online/cyber counseling during the COVID-19 outbreak to solve psychological problems. The author examines the history and concepts, the therapeutic relationship, transference and countertransference, the advantages along with the disadvantages, considerations, implications, and curriculum for online/cyber counseling during COVID-19 outbreak.
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Parth K, Wolf I, Löffler-Stastka H. Capturing the Unconscious-The "Psychoanalytic Core Competency Q-Sort". An Innovative Tool Investigating Psychodynamic Therapeutic Skills. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16234700. [PMID: 31779100 PMCID: PMC6926890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Psychoanalytic Core Competency Q-Sort (PCC Q-Sort) is a newly developed empirical research tool that allows for the description and illustration of the ways psychodynamically-oriented psychotherapists work. It provides a simple, straightforward rating procedure utilizing a well-established q-sort method. The present pilot study describes the psychoanalytic core competency items and discusses the development procedure of the instrument as well as statistical analysis of ratings from psychoanalytic sessions, including inter-rater reliability as well as preliminary findings on possible construct validity. Additionally, a factor analysis was performed. Values were assessed by applying the PCC Q-Sort to 30 audio recordings of psychoanalytic sessions. The results of the present study indicate that the PCC Q-Sort is a reliable process research instrument that allows for a detailed investigation of psychotherapy processes in psychodynamic psychotherapies and change processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Parth
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Isabelle Wolf
- University Program for Psychotherapy Research, Postgraduate Unit, Medical University, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Henriette Löffler-Stastka
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
- University Program for Psychotherapy Research, Postgraduate Unit, Medical University, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-30700
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Surgenor LJ, Diesfeld K, Rychert M. Consensual Sexual Relationships between Health Practitioners and Their Patients: An Analysis of Disciplinary Cases from New Zealand. Psychiatr Psychol Law 2019; 26:766-782. [PMID: 31984110 PMCID: PMC6896408 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2019.1640801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Consensual sexual relationship between health practitioners and their patient are considered one of the most serious breaches of professional boundaries. Prevalence rates are difficult to establish since underreporting may occur, yet media attention may conflate the perception of prevalence. In this study we first reviewed the literature for risk factors for health practitioners and patients, professional standards, and responses of disciplinary bodies. Following this, we quantitatively summarised case characteristics and disciplinary outcomes from a 14-year cohort of New Zealand's Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal proceedings. From the 26 cases identified, four themes were discussed in detail and illustrated with cases. These include: female practitioners working in correctional settings; zero tolerance but no registration repercussions; patient vulnerabilities when help-seeking for mental health issues; and the use of rehabilitative penalties. Despite the difficulties in conducting research on sexual boundary violations, this raises awareness, encourages proactive reporting, and inspires constructive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois J. Surgenor
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago at Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kate Diesfeld
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marta Rychert
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Yalof J. When the Assessor's Limits Are Tested: Enactments and the Assessment Frame in Psychological Testing. J Pers Assess 2019; 102:573-583. [PMID: 31157989 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2019.1613241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Limit testing in psychological assessment is understood typically as a unidirectional technique in which the assessor intentionally introduces a parameter(s) in the service of data gathering by modifying standard procedures. Other parameters are introduced as conflict-based enactments tied to projective identification processes, and represent modifications in the assessment framework. Such modifications, abstracted from the psychotherapy literature, include atypical shifts in the assessor's usual practices concerning fees, scheduling, confidentiality, privacy, anonymity, administrative and technical procedure, and intervention style. In this article, I suggest that most framework modifications, if analyzed, hold the promise of an incremental data yield. These points are illustrated through discussion of (a) the assessment frame, enactments, and projective identification; (b) transference-countertransference interplay in response to frame issues; (c) 2 Rorschach responses that symbolically reflect enactments and projective identification; (d) interaction with coding consultants; (e) configurational analyses of the Rorschach responses; (f) patient-assessor and assessor-consultant parallel processes; and (g) test feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed Yalof
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, Immaculata University
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Abstract
Countertransference is considered as a negative factor that may impede counseling relations but some assume that countertransference is a normal reaction. The purpose of this article is to explore countertransference in pastoral counseling and efforts to overcome it. The author examines the concepts, approaches, and structure of countertransference. Previous research is also reviewed. Based on this review, the author elaborates some strategies that can help pastoral counselors to overcome countertransference in their counseling practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Pedhu
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Indonesia
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Löffler-Stastka H, Sell C, Zimmermann J, Huber D, Klug G. Is countertransference a valid source of clinical information? Investigating emotional responses to audiotaped psychotherapy sessions. Bull Menninger Clin 2019; 83:353-375. [PMID: 31180236 DOI: 10.1521/bumc_2019_83_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to test whether countertransference reactions contain valid information about the patient. The authors examined whether a significant part of the variance in emotional, cognitive, and motivational responses to recorded therapy sessions is attributable to the patient. Six student raters listened to 605 audiotaped sessions of 81 patients with major depression treated by 19 therapists and indicated their reactions using a modified version of the Countertransference Questionnaire. The relative amount of variance in countertransference reactions due to differences between patients, ranging from 2% to 16%, was significant for most of the countertransference dimensions. Reactions were influenced by type of treatment and severity of depression but not by comorbid personality disorder or interpersonal problems. The relative amount of variance due to differences between raters was large, averaging at 23%. The authors conclude that-albeit having a relatively low "signal-to-noise ratio"in raters without psychotherapy training-countertransference reactions contain valid clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorothea Huber
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guenther Klug
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität München, Germany
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