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González-Rellán S, Fdz-de-Trocóniz P, Barreiro A. Ultrasonographic anatomy of the palmar region of the carpus of the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023. [PMID: 36882932 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The palmar region of the canine carpus may be injured by traumatic, inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and degenerative disorders. The normal ultrasonographic anatomic features of the dorsal region of the canine carpus have been published, however information regarding the palmar region is currently lacking. The aims of this prospective, descriptive, anatomic study were (1) to describe the normal ultrasonographic characteristics of the palmar carpal structures in medium to large-breed dogs, and (2) to establish a standardized ultrasonographic protocol for evaluating them. As in the previously published study, the current study consisted of two phases: (1) identification phase, in which the palmar structures of the carpus were identified ultrasonographically in fifty-four cadaveric specimens and an ultrasonographic protocol to examine them was developed; and (2) descriptive phase, in which the ultrasonographic characteristics of the main palmar structures in twenty-five carpi of thirteen living healthy adult dogs were documented. The tendons of the flexor muscles of the carpus and digits, the superficial and deep parts of the retinaculum flexorum, the carpal canal and the median and ulnar neurovascular structures were ultrasonographically identified and described. Findings from the current study can serve as a reference for evaluating dogs with suspected injury involving the palmar carpal region using ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia González-Rellán
- Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, USC, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Barreiro
- Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, USC, Lugo, Spain.,Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Lugo, Spain
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Franini A, Entani MG, Colosio E, Melotti L, Patruno M. Case report: Flexor carpi ulnaris tendinopathy in a lure-coursing dog treated with three platelet-rich plasma and platelet lysate injections. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1003993. [PMID: 36742986 PMCID: PMC9893791 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1003993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present case report a 7-year-old male Whippet competing in lure-coursing presented with third-degree recurrent lameness of the right forelimb, pain on palpation of the caudal aspect of the carpus and swelling of the forearm proximally to the accessory carpal bone. Clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic evaluation diagnosed a flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) chronic tendinopathy unresponsive to previously attempted conservative treatments such as oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administration along with padded palmar splint application and rest. The dog was subjected to one injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained using a double centrifugation tube method, followed by two platelet lysate (PL) injections. Treatment was administered at three-week intervals. The healing process was assessed through clinical and ultrasonographic imaging (US) on the day of the first injection (T0), and at week three (T1), six (T2), twelve (T3), fifty-two (T4), and one-hundred-and-four (T5). Fiber alignment score (FAS) and echogenicity score (ES) were developed by modifying a previously published US assessment scale. At T1, ES, and FAS improvement was detected, and at T2, further improvements in ES and FAS were observed. Ultrasonographic results were clinically consistent with the improvement in lameness: lameness grade 3/4 was detected at T0 and grade 2/4 at T1. A lameness grade of 1/4 was detected at T2, and grade 0/4 was observed at T3, T4, and T5. Moreover, at T5, the dog returned to competition, and no history of re-injury was reported. Our results suggest that the treatment of FCU tendinopathy in lure-coursing dogs with a combination of consecutive injections of autologous PRP and PL could be feasible. Additionally, no adverse reactions were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Franini
- Sporty Dog Veterinary Clinic, Brescia, Italy,*Correspondence: Alessio Franini ✉
| | | | | | - Luca Melotti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Marco Patruno ✉
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Entani MG, Franini A, Barella G, Saleri R, De Rensis F, Spattini G. High-Resolution Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Carpal Tendons of Sporting Border Collies. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36009639 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature has demonstrated that high-resolution ultrasonographic anatomy of the canine carpus is possible; however, only the structures of the dorsal face were described. The aims of this prospective study were: (1) to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the carpal tendons in sporting Border Collies; (2) to measure the height, length, and thickness of the tendon at the radial ulnar notch level in order to create a baseline reference for the breed, and (3) to describe a standardised protocol to ultrasonographically evaluate the carpal faces and visible tendinous structures. A pilot study based on ten cadaveric front limbs was used to identify the structures. A subsequent clinical phase of the study using twenty-six Border Collies was recorded. The tendons of the Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor Digitorum Communis, and Extensor Digitorum Lateralis were identified and followed from the tenomuscular junction to the distal insertion on the dorsal face of the digits. On the lateral face, the tendon of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris was recognised and followed. On the palmar face, the two heads of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris tendon ending on the accessory carpal bone, the adjacent Flexor Digitorum Superficialis tendon, and the deep and medially located Flexor Digitorum Profundus tendon were seen and followed. The Flexor Carpi Radialis and the Abductor Pollicis Longus tendons were seen in the medial carpal face. The ulnar notch of the radius was used as the measurement and starting point of the ultrasonography. These data could be used as a standard reference in the case of chronic overuse and trauma-induced changes in the canine carpus.
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Kim BS, Yu M, Kim S, Yoon JS, Baek S. Scale-attentional U-Net for the segmentation of the median nerve in ultrasound images. Ultrasonography 2022; 41:706-717. [PMID: 35754116 PMCID: PMC9532202 DOI: 10.14366/usg.21214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a neural network that accurately and effectively segments the median nerve in ultrasound (US) images. Methods In total, 1,305 images of the median nerve of 123 normal subjects were used to train and evaluate the model. Four datasets from two measurement regions (wrist and forearm) of the nerve and two US machines were used. The neural network was designed for high accuracy by combining information at multiple scales, as well as for high efficiency to prevent overfitting. The model was designed in two parts (cascaded and factorized convolutions), followed by self-attention over scale and channel features. The precision, recall, dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and Hausdorff distance (HD) were used as performance metrics. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was also assessed. Results In the wrist datasets, the proposed network achieved 92.7% and 90.3% precision, 92.4% and 89.8% recall, DSCs of 92.3% and 89.7%, HDs of 5.158 and 4.966, and AUCs of 0.9755 and 0.9399 on two machines. In the forearm datasets, 79.3% and 87.8% precision, 76.0% and 85.0% recall, DSCs of 76.1% and 85.8%, HDs of 5.206 and 4.527, and AUCs of 0.8846 and 0.9150 were achieved. In all datasets, the model developed herein achieved better performance in terms of DSC than previous U-Net-based systems. Conclusion The proposed neural network yields accurate segmentation results to assist clinicians in identifying the median nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Suk Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Minhyeong Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunwoo Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Shik Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjun Baek
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Milks K, Warren P, Popp J, Samora JB. Feasibility of Ultrasound in Infant Wrist and Thumb Imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38:1561-1566. [PMID: 30341959 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of ultrasound (US) in infant lateral carpal and base-of-the-thumb imaging. We hypothesized that US would be a practical modality for visualizing the unossified structures. METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained for this single-center pilot study. Healthy infants aged 12 months or younger were enrolled. Ultrasound examinations of the distal radial epiphysis through the first metacarpal were performed with a high-frequency transducer. RESULTS Ultrasound evaluations of the base of the thumb were performed in 18 healthy infants (mean age ± SD, 13.8 ± 9.1 weeks; 44% female). Assuming an elliptical shape, the mean areas of the scaphoid and first metacarpal epiphysis measured 0.85 ± 0.19 and 0.44 ± 0.087 cm2 , respectively. The mean areas of the trapezium and ossified first metacarpal as approximate rectangular shapes measured 0.23 ± 0.069 and 0.49 ± 0.16 cm2 . A perimeter tracing was also used as an alternative area calculation. The mean trapezium area-to-scaphoid area ratio (0.28 ± 0.10) showed less variability compared to the first metacarpal epiphysis area-to-scaphoid area ratio (0.55 ± 0.20) or first metacarpal area-to-scaphoid area ratio (0.64 ± 0.31). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that US is well suited for the evaluation of the lateral carpus and base of the thumb in young infants. These data serve as a reference to which wrist and thumb abnormalities can be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Popp
- Orthopedic Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Lu C, Wang Y, Yang S, Wang C, Sun X, Lu J, Yin H, Jiang W, Meng H, Rao F, Wang X, Peng J. Bioactive Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels Functionalized with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor Mimicking Peptides Synergistically Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2994-3005. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
| | - Xun Sun
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Weijin Road no. 94, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Heyong Yin
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 20, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Haoye Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
| | - Feng Rao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road no. 28, Beijing 100853, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, PR China
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