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Girme A, Saste G, Pawar S, Balasubramaniam AK, Musande K, Darji B, Satti NK, Verma MK, Anand R, Singh R, Vishwakarma RA, Hingorani L. Investigating 11 Withanosides and Withanolides by UHPLC-PDA and Mass Fragmentation Studies from Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera). ACS Omega 2020; 5:27933-27943. [PMID: 33163776 PMCID: PMC7643146 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (WS), also known as ashwagandha or Indian ginseng, is known for its pharmacological significance in neurodegenerative diseases, stress, cancer, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activity. In this study, the WS extract (WSE) from the root was subjected to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UHPLC-PDA) analysis to separate 11 withanoside and withanolide compounds. The quantification validation was carried out as per ICHQ2R1 guidelines in a single methodology. The calibration curves were linear (r 2 > 0.99) for all 11 compounds within the tested concentration ranges. The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.213-0.362 and 0.646-1.098 μg/mL, respectively. The results were precise (relative standard deviation, <5.0%) and accurate (relative error, 0.01-0.76). All compounds showed good recoveries of 84.77-100.11%. For the first time, withanoside VII, 27-hydroxywithanone, dihydrowithaferin A, and viscosalactone B were quantified and validated along with bioactive compounds withanoside IV, withanoside V, withaferin A, 12-deoxywithastramonolide, withanolide A, withanone, and withanolide B simultaneously in WS. This UHPLC-PDA method has practical adaptability for ashwagandha raw material, extract, and product manufacturers, along with basic and applied science researchers. The method has been developed on UHPLC for routine analysis. The 11 withanosides and withanolides were confirmed using the fragmentation pattern obtained by the combined use of electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation in triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (TQ-MS/MS) in the WSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboli Girme
- Pharmanza
Herbal Pvt. Ltd, Anand 388435, Gujarat, India
- .
Phone: +91 7043534016, +91 9825063959
| | - Ganesh Saste
- Pharmanza
Herbal Pvt. Ltd, Anand 388435, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandeep Pawar
- Pharmanza
Herbal Pvt. Ltd, Anand 388435, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | - Bhaumik Darji
- Verdure
Sciences, Noblesville 46060, Indiana, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar Satti
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Verma
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu 180001, India
- . Phone +91 1912585006, ext 472
| | - Rajneesh Anand
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ruchi Singh
- Pharmanza
Herbal Pvt. Ltd, Anand 388435, Gujarat, India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Lal Hingorani
- Pharmanza
Herbal Pvt. Ltd, Anand 388435, Gujarat, India
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Mahrous RSR, Fathy HM, Abu EL-Khair RM, Omar AA. Validated thin-layer chromatographic method for the identification and monitoring of the effect of the extraction method on the yield and phytochemical constituents of Egyptian Withania somnifera
leaves. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:518-524. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahma S. R. Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Hoda M. Fathy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Rasha M. Abu EL-Khair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Abdallah A. Omar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
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Ali A, Maher S, Khan SA, Chaudhary MI, Musharraf SG. Sensitive quantification of six steroidal lactones in Withania coagulans extract by UHPLC electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Steroids 2015; 104:176-81. [PMID: 26459135 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A method for the concurrent determination of six known steroidal lactones (syn. withanolides or withasteroids), namely withaferin A, withanolide H, withanolide K, withanolide A, withacoagulin H, and withanolide J in Withania coagulans extracts was developed. Extracts of Withania species and purified withanolides are considered among the most important natural products used for medicinal purposes. Methanolic extract of plant material was subjected to reverse phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with electrospray (JetStream ESI) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. Satisfactory separation of withanolide component was achieved within 9 min on UHPLC runtime. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) for the six withanolides ranged between 0.040-4.80 ng/mL, and 0.13-16 ng/mL, respectively. Linear responses were attained for all six withanolides in two orders of magnitude with the linear regression coefficient values ⩾0.998. At the five QC levels inspected, the relative standard deviations (RSD) were found below 5% in most cases. The newly developed method is fast, precise, and sensitive, therefore, the method can be used for high-throughput quantification of various withanolides in W. coagulans extract, and other herbal formulations, derived from W. coagulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saima Maher
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Chaudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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