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Engelhardt J, Frisell O, Gustavsson H, Hansson T, Sjöberg R, Collier TK, Balk L. Severe thiamine deficiency in eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227201. [PMID: 31895939 PMCID: PMC6939936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) population has been decreasing in the Baltic Sea for at least 30 years. Condition indices of the Baltic cod have decreased, and previous studies have suggested that this might be due to overfishing, predation, lower dissolved oxygen or changes in salinity. However, numerous studies from the Baltic Sea have demonstrated an ongoing thiamine deficiency in several animal classes, both invertebrates and vertebrates. The thiamine status of the eastern Baltic cod was investigated to determine if thiamine deficiency might be a factor in ongoing population declines. Thiamine concentrations were determined by chemical analyses of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphosphate (combined SumT) in the liver using high performance liquid chromatography. Biochemical analyses measured the activity of the thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzyme transketolase to determine the proportion of apoenzymes in both liver and brain tissue. These biochemical analyses showed that 77% of the cod were thiamine deficient in the liver, of which 13% had a severe thiamine deficiency (i.e. 25% transketolase enzymes lacked thiamine diphosphate). The brain tissue of 77% of the cod showed thiamine deficiency, of which 64% showed severe thiamine deficiency. The thiamine deficiency biomarkers were investigated to find correlations to different biological parameters, such as length, weight, otolith weight, age (annuli counting) and different organ weights. The results suggested that thiamine deficiency increased with age. The SumT concentration ranged between 2.4–24 nmol/g in the liver, where the specimens with heavier otoliths had lower values of SumT (P = 0.0031). Of the cod sampled, only 2% of the specimens had a Fulton’s condition factor indicating a healthy specimen, and 49% had a condition factor below 0.8, indicating poor health status. These results, showing a severe thiamine deficiency in eastern Baltic cod from the only known area where spawning presently occurs for this species, are of grave concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Engelhardt
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (JE); (LB)
| | - Oscar Frisell
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Gustavsson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hansson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajlie Sjöberg
- Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Tracy K. Collier
- Huxley College of the Environment, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lennart Balk
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (JE); (LB)
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Harder AM, Willoughby JR, Ardren WR, Christie MR. Among-family variation in survival and gene expression uncovers adaptive genetic variation in a threatened fish. Mol Ecol 2019; 29:1035-1049. [PMID: 31837181 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Variation in among-family transcriptional responses to different environmental conditions can help to identify adaptive genetic variation, even prior to a selective event. Coupling differential gene expression with formal survival analyses allows for the disentanglement of treatment effects, required for understanding how individuals plastically respond to environmental stressors, from the adaptive genetic variation responsible for differential survival. We combined these two approaches to investigate responses to an emerging conservation issue, thiamine (vitamin B1 ) deficiency, in a threatened population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Thiamine is an essential vitamin that is increasingly limited in many ecosystems. In Lake Champlain, Atlantic salmon cannot acquire thiamine in sufficient quantities to support natural reproduction; fertilized eggs must be reared in hatcheries and treated with supplemental thiamine. We evaluated transcriptional responses (via RNA sequencing) to thiamine treatment across families and found 3,616 genes differentially expressed between control (no supplemental thiamine) and treatment individuals. Fewer genes changed expression equally across families (i.e., additively) than exhibited genotype × environment interactions in response to thiamine. Differentially expressed genes were related to known physiological effects of thiamine deficiency, including oxidative stress, cardiovascular irregularities and neurological abnormalities. We also identified 1,446 putatively adaptive genes that were strongly associated with among-family survival in the absence of thiamine treatment, many of which related to neurogenesis and visual perception. Our results highlight the utility of coupling RNA sequencing with formal survival analyses to identify candidate genes that underlie the among-family variation in survival required for an adaptive response to natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril M Harder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Janna R Willoughby
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Mark R Christie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Edwards KA, Randall EA, Tu-Maung N, Sannino DR, Feder S, Angert ER, Kraft CE. Periplasmic binding protein-based magnetic isolation and detection of thiamine in complex biological matrices. Talanta 2019; 205:120168. [PMID: 31450459 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deficiencies in thiamine (vitamin B1) cause a host of neurological and reproductive impairments yielding morbidity and mortality across environmental and clinical realms. In a technique analogous to immunomagnetic separation, we introduce the use of thiamine periplasmic binding protein (TBP)-conjugated magnetic beads to isolate thiamine from complex matrices. TBP expressed in Escherichia coli is highly specific to thiamine and provides an alternative to antibodies for this non-immunogenic target. After incubation with the sample and removal of unbound matrix constituents, thiamine is simultaneously released and converted to its fluorescent oxidation product thiochrome by alkaline potassium ferricyanide. Subsequent measurement of fluorescence at thiochrome-specific wavelengths provides a second layer of specificity for the detection of thiamine. Thiamine could be quantified at concentrations as low as 5 nM ranging up to 240 nM. Within, we apply this technique to selectively capture and quantify thiamine in complex salmonid fish egg and tissue matrices. Our results showed no measurable non-specific binding to the beads by endogenous fluorophores in the fish egg matrix. Thiamine levels as low as 0.2 nmol/g of fish egg can be detected using this approach, which is sufficient to assess deficiencies causing morbidity and mortality in fish that occur at 1.0 nmol/g of egg. This practical method may find application in other resource limited settings for clinical, food, or dietary supplement analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Edwards
- Department of Natural Resources, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Microbiology, Wing Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PO Box 6000, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| | - Eileen A Randall
- Department of Natural Resources, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nicole Tu-Maung
- Department of Natural Resources, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - David R Sannino
- Department of Microbiology, Wing Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Seth Feder
- Department of Natural Resources, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Esther R Angert
- Department of Microbiology, Wing Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Clifford E Kraft
- Department of Natural Resources, Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Mörner T, Hansson T, Carlsson L, Berg AL, Ruiz Muñoz Y, Gustavsson H, Mattsson R, Balk L. Thiamine deficiency impairs common eider (Somateria mollissima) reproduction in the field. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14451. [PMID: 29089512 PMCID: PMC5663945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baltic Sea population of the common eider (Somateria mollissima) has declined dramatically during the last two decades. Recently, widespread episodic thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has been demonstrated in feral birds and suggested to contribute significantly to declining populations. Here we show that the decline of the common eider population in the Baltic Sea is paralleled by high mortality of the pulli a few days after hatch, owing to thiamine deficiency and probably also thereby associated abnormal behaviour resulting in high gull predation. An experiment with artificially incubated common eider eggs collected in the field revealed that thiamine treatment of pulli had a therapeutic effect on the thiamine status of the brain and prevented death. The mortality was 53% in untreated specimens, whereas it was only 7% in thiamine treated specimens. Inability to dive was also linked to brain damage typical for thiamine deficiency. Our results demonstrate how thiamine deficiency causes a range of symptoms in the common eider pulli, as well as massive die-offs a few days after hatch, which probably are the major explanation of the recent dramatic population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Mörner
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-75189, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Hansson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna-Lena Berg
- Medical Products Agency, Box 26, SE-75103, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Ruiz Muñoz
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, ES-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Hanna Gustavsson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lennart Balk
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ghiasi S, Falahatkar B, Arslan M, Dabrowski K. Physiological changes and reproductive performance of Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus injected with thiamine. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 178:23-30. [PMID: 28131605 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of thiamine on physiological changes and spawning performance of Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus, 45 farmed female fish (698.6±8.9g) were randomly distributed in 9 tanks (1000L) and fed a diet with 1g/kg of an anti-thiamine drug. This was provided for 5 months prior to spawning. Thiamine hydrochloride was intraperitoneally injected to fish at three different doses: 0 (T0, as control), 5 (T5) and 50 (T50) mg/kg body weight at days 30, 90 and 150 after the experiment started. After five months, the results showed no significant differences in weight gain and hemoglobin level, but hematocrit significantly increased in T5 group. There was no significant difference in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and estradiol-17β, but testosterone was significantly increased in the T50 group. Total thiamine concentration in the eggs was significantly higher in T50 than that detected in the control group. Fecundity and larval mortality at 6day post hatch (dph) showed no significant differences among treatments, while the number of eggs per gram was significantly lower in T0 than that observed in T50. Larval weights at 1 (11.6mg) and 6 (23.1mg) dph and larval lengths at 6 (15.6mm) dph were significantly affected by the treatment with the highest level of thiamine injection (T50). Diseases symptoms such as yolk sac deformation, erratic pattern of swimming, and loss of equilibrium were observed at 4 dph in T0 and T5 groups. The overall results revealed that thiamine injection has positive effects on reproductive performance in the sturgeon and the negative impacts of anti-thiamine in the offspring can be reduced by the injection of this vitamin to the broodstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Ghiasi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, 1144, Guilan, Iran
| | - Bahram Falahatkar
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, 1144, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Murat Arslan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Konrad Dabrowski
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Ottinger CA, Honeyfield DC, Densmore CL, Iwanowicz LR. Impact of thiamine deficiency on T-cell dependent and T-cell independent antibody production in lake trout. J Aquat Anim Health 2012; 24:258-273. [PMID: 23134222 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2012.713890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush on thiamine-replete and thiamine-depleted diets were evaluated for the effects of thiamine status on in vivo responses to the T-dependent antigen trinitophenol (TNP)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH), the T-independent antigen trinitrophenol-lipolysaccaharide (TNP-LPS), or Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS; negative control fish). Plasma antibody concentrations were evaluated for possible differences in total anti-TNP activity as well as differences in response kinetics. Associations between anti-TNP activity and muscle and liver thiamine concentrations as well as ratios of muscle-to-liver thiamine to anti-TNP activity were also examined. Thiamine-depleted lake trout that were injected with TNP-LPS exhibited significantly more anti-TNP activity than thiamine-replete fish. The depleted fish injected with TNP-LPS also exhibited significantly different response kinetics relative to thiamine-replete lake trout. No differences in activity or kinetics were observed between the thiamine-replete and -depleted fish injected with TNP-KLH or in the DPBS negative controls. Anti-TNP activity in thiamine-depleted lake trout injected with TNP-KLH was positively associated with muscle thiamine pyrophosphate (thiamine diphosphate; TPP) concentration. A negative association was observed between the ratio of muscle-to-liver TPP and T-independent responses. No significant associations between anti-TNP activity and tissue thiamine concentration were observed in the thiamine-replete fish. We demonstrated that thiamine deficiency leads to alterations in both T-dependent and T-independent immune responses in lake trout.
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Lee BJ, Jaroszewska M, Dabrowski K, Czesny S, Rinchard J. Effects of dietary vitamin B1 (thiamine) and magnesium on the survival, growth and histological indicators in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) juveniles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 162:219-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jaroszewska M, Lee BJ, Dabrowski K, Czesny S, Rinchard J, Trzeciak P, Wilczyńska B. Effects of vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) alevins at hatching stage. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 154:255-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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