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Zhou G, Zhang W, Wen H, Su Q, Hao Z, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang H, Ge B, Tong C, He X, Wang X. Esculetin improves murine mastitis induced by streptococcus isolated from bovine mammary glands by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106393. [PMID: 37852550 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Cow mastitis, caused by Streptococcus infection of the mammary glands, is a common clinical disease that can lead to decreased milk quality and threaten animal welfare and performance. Esculetin (ESC) is a coumarin with anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects. However, whether ESC has therapeutic effects on mastitis remains unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of ESC against murine mastitis caused by Streptococcus isolated from bovine mammary glands and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Streptococcus uberis was used to construct a mouse model of mastitis. The results showed that the mice exhibited edema and thickening of the acinar wall with inflammatory infiltration after S. uberis treatment. Intraperitoneal injection of ESC significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, restored normal physiological function, and inhibited the production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis revealed that ESC reduced P38 phosphorylation, further inhibited the influence of mammary Streptococcus on cytoplasmic translocation of nuclear factor-κB (P65), and inhibited the transcriptional activation of P65, thus inhibiting the generation of inflammatory cells. Collectively, ESC may inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB, thereby highlighting its potential for the treatment and prevention of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuangWei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - WuHao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - HaoJie Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - Qing Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - ZhongHua Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - JingJing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - YingKui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - HuaQiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - Baoyan Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - XiuYuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - XueBing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan province, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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2
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Cai T, Cai B. Pharmacological activities of esculin and esculetin: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35306. [PMID: 37800835 PMCID: PMC10553009 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esculin and esculetin are 2 widely studied coumarin components of Cortex Fraxini, which is a well-known herbal medicine with a 2000-year history. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that both have a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-atherosclerotic, and so on. Their underlying mechanisms of action and biological activities include scavenging free radicals, modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, regulating the cell cycle, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration, promoting mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, regulating CD4+ T cells differentiation and associated cytokine release, inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cells, etc. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on pharmacological studies of esculin and esculetin, which is of noteworthy importance in exploring the therapeutic potential of both coumarin compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
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Radwan EM, Abo-Elabass E, Abd El-Baky AE, Alshwyeh HA, Almaimani RA, Almaimani G, Ibrahim IAA, Albogami A, Jaremko M, Alshawwa SZ, Saied EM. Unveiling the antitumor potential of novel N-(substituted-phenyl)-8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamides as dual inhibitors of VEGFR2 kinase and cytochrome P450 for targeted treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Chem 2023; 11:1231030. [PMID: 37601910 PMCID: PMC10436493 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1231030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Being the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, liver cancer is considered as a serious disease with a high prevalence and poor prognosis. Current anticancer drugs for liver cancer have drawbacks, such as limited efficacy in later stages of the disease, toxicity to healthy cells, and the potential for drug resistance. There is ample evidence that coumarin-based compounds are potent anticancer agents, with numerous analogues currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. The current study aimed to explore the antitumor potency of a new class of 8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamides against liver cancer. Toward this aim, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a new set of N-(substituted-phenyl)-8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamide analogues. The assessment of antitumor activity revealed that the synthesized class of compounds possesses substantial cytotoxicity toward Hep-G2 cells when compared to staurosporine, without significant impact on normal cells. Out of the synthesized compounds, compound 7 demonstrated the most potent cytotoxic effect against Hep-G2 cells with an IC50 of 0.75 µM, which was more potent than the drug staurosporine (IC50 = 8.37 µM). The investigation into the mechanism behind the antiproliferative activity of compound 7 revealed that it interferes with DNA replication and induces DNA damage, leading to cell cycle arrest as demonstrated by a significant decrease in the percentage of cells in the G1 and G2/M phases, along with an increase in the percentage of cells in the S phase. Flow cytometric analysis further revealed that compound 7 has the ability to trigger programmed cell death by inducing necrosis and apoptosis in HepG-2 cells. Further explorations into the mechanism of action demonstrated that compound 7 displays a potent dual-inhibitory activity toward cytochrome P450 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) proteins, as compared to sorafenib drug. Further, detailed computational studies revealed that compound 7 displays a considerable binding affinity toward the binding cavity of VEGFR2 and CYP450 proteins. Taken together, our findings indicate that the newly synthesized class of compounds, particularly compound 7, could serve as a promising scaffold for the development of highly effective anticancer agents against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. Radwan
- The Division of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Eman Abo-Elabass
- The Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Atef E. Abd El-Baky
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Centre, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A. Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghassan Almaimani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Albogami
- Biology Department, Faculty of science, Al-Baha University, Al Aqiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences (BESE) and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Z. Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Yin W, Fu X, Chang W, Han L, Meng J, Cao A, Ren X, Fan Z, Zhou S. Antiovarian cancer mechanism of esculetin: inducing G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis via JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:87-97. [PMID: 36332079 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esculetin is a coumarin derivative, which is extracted from the dried barks of fraxinus chinensis Roxb. Although it is reported esculetin possesses multiple pharmacological activities, its associated regulatory mechanism on ovarian cancer isn't well investigated. METHODS Cytotoxicity is evaluated by MTT, clonogenic and living/dead cells staining assays. Migration and invasion effects are investigated by wound healing, and transwell assays. The effect of cell cycle and apoptosis are analyzed by flow cytometry and western blotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is assessed by fluorescence microscope. Analysis of animal experiments are carried out by various pathological section assays. KEY FINDINGS Esculetin exerts an anti- ovarian cancer effect. It is found that apoptosis induction is promoted by the accumulation of excessive ROS and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. In addition, exposure to esculetin leads to the cell viability reduction, migration and invasion capability decrease and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest induced by down-regulating downstream targets of STAT3. In vivo experimental results also indicate esculetin can inhibit tumour growth of mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides some strong evidences to support esculetin as a potential anti-cancer agent in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Chang
- Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College/Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Meng
- Department of biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Aijia Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College/Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Fan
- Department of biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Suqin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Choi J, Yoo MJ, Park SY, Seol JW. Antitumor Effects of Esculetin, a Natural Coumarin Derivative, against Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020084. [PMID: 36851388 PMCID: PMC9961495 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms in female dogs, of which 50% are malignant. Esculetin, a coumarin derivative, reportedly induces death in different types of cancer cells. In this study, we explore the anticancer effects of esculetin against CMT-U27 and CF41.mg canine mammary gland tumor cells. Esculetin significantly inhibited the viability and migration of both CMT-U27 and CF41.mg cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay revealed increased numbers of annexin-V-positive cells and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, a cell cycle analysis demonstrated that esculetin blocked the cell progression at the G0/G1 phase and the S phase in CMT-U27 and CF41.mg cells. These results were supported by a Western blot analysis, which revealed upregulated protein expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, and downregulated cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and cyclin D1 protein, the cell cycle regulators. In conclusion, this novel study proves that esculetin exerts in vitro antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in canine mammary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawun Choi
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-63-850-0964 (J.-W.S.)
| | | | | | - Jae-Won Seol
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-63-850-0964 (J.-W.S.)
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6
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Park SB, Jung W, Kim H, Yu HY, Kim Y, Kim J. Esculetin has therapeutic potential via the proapoptotic signaling pathway in A253 human submandibular salivary gland tumor cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:533. [PMID: 35837055 PMCID: PMC9257944 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esculetin is a natural lactone that is commonly derived from coumarins. According to previous experiments using human cancer cells, esculetin has potent antitumor activity; it also inhibits proliferation and induces the apoptosis of cancer cells. In the present study, the anti-proliferative effect of esculetin on the submandibular salivary gland tumor cell line, A253, was evaluated via in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, the anti-cancer effects of esculetin in A253 cells and a xenograft model of salivary gland tumors were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and TUNEL assay, apoptosis protein array, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Esculetin (50-150 µM) was demonstrated to have an anti-proliferative effect in the A253 cell line in vitro; this observed effect was dependent on the dose and duration of treatment. Esculetin also increased the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase apoptosis-related proteins, and decreased the expression levels of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein. With respect to apoptosis regulation, esculetin significantly decreased the proliferation of tumor cells in a xenograft model (100 mg/kg/day) for 18 days. Overall, esculetin could be a potential oral anticancer drug against salivary gland cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bin Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
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Chen YQ, Song HY, Zhou ZY, Ma J, Luo ZY, Zhou Y, Wang JY, Liu S, Han XH. Osthole inhibits the migration and invasion of highly metastatic breast cancer cells by suppressing ITGα3/ITGβ5 signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1544-1555. [PMID: 34426644 PMCID: PMC9160248 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Osthole, as an active compound detected in the traditional Chinese medicine Wenshen Zhuanggu Formula, has shown a promising anti-metastatic activity in human breast cancer cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. In this study we elucidated the anti-metastatic mechanisms of osthole in highly metastatic breast cancer cells and a zebrafish xenograft model. We showed that the expression of integrin α3 (ITGα3) and integrin β5 (ITGβ5) was upregulated in highly metastatic MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231BO breast cancer cell lines but was downregulated in poorly metastatic MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, which might be the key targets of osthole's anti-metastatic action. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown of ITGα3 and ITGβ5 attenuated breast cancer cell migration and invasion possibly via suppression of FAK/Src/Rac1 pathway, whereas overexpression of ITGα3 and ITGβ5 caused the opposite effects. Consistently, osthole significantly inhibited breast cancer metastasis by downregulating ITGα3/ITGβ5 signaling in vitro and in vivo. These results provide new evidence that osthole may be developed as a candidate therapeutic drug for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-qiang Chen
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hai-yan Song
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhong-yan Zhou
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jiao Ma
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhan-yang Luo
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ying Zhou
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082 China
| | - Jian-yi Wang
- grid.412585.f0000 0004 0604 8558Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Sheng Liu
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiang-hui Han
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
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8
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Boonyarat C, Boonput P, Tongloh N, Kaewamatawong R, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Yenjai C, Waiwut P. Nordentatin Inhibits Neuroblastoma Cell Proliferation and Migration through Regulation of GSK-3 Pathway. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1062-1074. [PMID: 35723293 PMCID: PMC8947271 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by abnormal cell changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth. The specific characteristics of cancer cells, including the loss of apoptotic control and the ability to migrate into and invade the surrounding tissue, result in cancer cell metastasis to other parts of the body. Therefore, the inhibition of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells are the principal goals in the treatment of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of nordentatin, a coumarin derivative isolated from Clausena harmandiana, regarding the proliferation and migration of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Nordentatin at a concentration of 100 µM showed cell cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y that was significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.01) at 24, 48, and 72 h. Moreover, nordentatin inhibited SH-SY5Y proliferation by inhibiting the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, leading to the cleavage of caspase-3 and resulting in the inhibition of a migratory protein, MMP-9, through the GSK-3 pathway (compared with cells treated with a GSK inhibitor). These results suggest that nordentatin inhibited the proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma cells through the GSK-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Panatchakorn Boonput
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Nantakorn Tongloh
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Rawiwun Kaewamatawong
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (P.B.); (N.T.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-8089-55511
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9
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Zhang L, Xie Q, Li X. Esculetin: A review of its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2021; 36:279-298. [PMID: 34808701 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esculetin is a natural dihydroxy coumarin; it is mainly extracted from twig skin and the trunk bark of the Chinese herbal medicine Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. Emerging evidence suggests that esculetin has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Based on its fundamental properties, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective activities, as well as antibacterial activity, among others, esculetin is expected to be a therapeutic drug for specific disease indications, such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and other diseases. The oral bioavailability of esculetin was shown by studies to be low. The extensive glucuronidation was described to be the main metabolic pathway of esculetin and C-7 phenolic hydroxyl to be its major metabolic site. With the development of scientific research technology, the pharmacological effects of esculetin are identified and its potential for the treatment of diseases is demonstrated. The underlining mechanisms of action and biological activities as well as the pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far are highlighted in this review with the aim of becoming a proven, and applicable insight and reference for further studies on the utilization of esculetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Jain D, Murti Y, Khan WU, Hossain R, Hossain MN, Agrawal KK, Ashraf RA, Islam MT, Janmeda P, Taheri Y, Alshehri MM, Daştan SD, Yeskaliyeva B, Kipchakbayeva A, Sharifi-Rad J, Cho WC. Roles of Therapeutic Bioactive Compounds in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:9068850. [PMID: 34754365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9068850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is due to poor prognosis and lack of availability of effective treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies will be the fine tuning of intracellular ROS signaling to effectively deprive cells of ROS-induced tumor-promoting events. This review discusses the generation of ROS, the major signaling their modulation in therapeutics. We explore some of the major pathways involved in HCC, which include the VEGF, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, FGF, and Ser/Thr kinase pathways. In this review, we study cornerstone on natural bioactive compounds with their effect on hepatocarcinomas. Furthermore, we focus on oxidative stress and FDA-approved signaling pathway inhibitors, along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhancers which with early evidence of success. While more in vivo testing is required to confirm the findings presented here, our findings will aid future nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical studies with these compounds, as well as inspire medicinal chemistry scientists to conduct appropriate research on this promising natural compound and their derivatives.
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11
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Banikazemi Z, Mirazimi SM, Dashti F, Mazandaranian MR, Akbari M, Morshedi K, Aslanbeigi F, Rashidian A, Chamanara M, Hamblin MR, Taghizadeh M, Mirzaei H. Coumarins and Gastrointestinal Cancer: A New Therapeutic Option? Front Oncol 2021; 11:752784. [PMID: 34707995 PMCID: PMC8542999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are often life-threatening malignancies, which can be a severe burden to the health care system. Globally, the mortality rate from gastrointestinal tumors has been increasing due to the lack of adequate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic measures to combat these tumors. Coumarin is a natural product with remarkable antitumor activity, and it is widely found in various natural plant sources. Researchers have explored coumarin and its related derivatives to investigate their antitumor activity, and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. These mechanisms include hormone antagonists, alkylating agents, inhibitors of angiogenesis, inhibitors of topoisomerase, inducers of apoptosis, agents with antimitotic activity, telomerase inhibitors, inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase, as well as other potential mechanisms. Consequently, drug design and discovery scientists and medicinal chemists have collaborated to identify new coumarin-related agents in order to produce more effective antitumor drugs against GI cancers. Herein, we summarize the therapeutic effects of coumarin and its derivatives against GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarrin Banikazemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mazandaranian
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Department of Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Korosh Morshedi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aslanbeigi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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12
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Taïbi N, Al-Balas QA, Bekari N, Talhi O, Al Jabal GA, Benali Y, Ameraoui R, Hadjadj M, Taïbi A, Boutaiba ZM, Abou-Mustapha M, Khammar F, Dergal F, Hassaine R, Boukenna L, Bachari K, Soares Silva AM. Molecular docking and dynamic studies of a potential therapeutic target inhibiting glyoxalase system: Metabolic action of the 3, 3 '- [3- (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) -3-oxopropane-1, 1-diyl] - Bis-4-hydroxycoumarin leads overexpression of the intracellular level of methylglyoxal and induction of a pro-apoptotic phenomenon in a hepatocellular carcinoma model. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109511. [PMID: 33989593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal is a dicarbonyl compound recruited as a potential cytotoxic marker, initially presents in cells and considered as a metabolite of the glycolytic pathway. Our aim is to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of 3, 3'-[3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropane-1, 1-diyl] Bis (4-hydroxycoumarin) on the glyoxalase system, and indirectly its anticancer activity. The docking of OT-55 was conducted by using Flexible docking protocol, ChiFlex and libdock tools inside the active site of Glo-I indicated that both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions contributed significantly in establishing potent binding with the active site which is selected as a strong inhibitor with high scoring values and maximum Gibbs free energy. Coumarin-liposome formulation was characterized and evaluated in vivo against chemically induced hepatocarcinoma in Wistar rats. After Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induction, microscopic assessment was realized; precancerous lesions were developed showing an increase of both tumor-associated lymphocyte and multiple tumor acini supported by the blood investigation. Our finding also suggested a preferential uptake of liposomes respectively in liver, kidney, lung, brain and spleen in the DEN-treated animals. OT-55 has also been shown to inhibit the activity of Glo-I in vitro as well as in DEN-treated rats. An abnormal high level of MGO of up to 50% was recorded followed by a reduction in glucose consumption and lactate dehydrogenase production validated in the positive control. MGO generates apoptosis as depicted by focal hepatic lesions. Also, no deleterious effects in the control group were observed after testing our coumarin but rather a vascular reorganization leading to nodular regenerative hyperplasia. Involved in the detoxification process, liver GSH is restored in intoxicated rats, while no changes are seen between controls. At the endothelial cell, OT-55 appears to modulate the release of NO only in the DEN-treated group. OT-55 would behave both as an anticancer agent but also as an angiogenic factor regarding results obtained.
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Zaki I, El-Sayed ESH, Radwan EM. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Some New Coumarin Derivatives Derived from 8-Hydroxycoumarin. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816202102028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Deokar RG, Barooah N, Barik A. Interaction of esculetin with aluminium ion by spectroscopic studies and isothermal titration calorimetry: a probable molecule for chelation therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6163-6170. [PMID: 33502292 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1877820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of aluminium has made significant impact in our life by virtue of its attractive properties. The lack of essentiality of aluminium in biosphere indicated that its accumulation above certain level is undesirous. Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxy coumarin) is an excellent aluminium ion chelator and the chelation interaction was studied by exploiting the absorption and fluorescence behavior of esculetin. In presence of aluminium ion, the absorption band of esculetin was shifted from 350 to 380 nm suggesting the possibility of complex formation. The fluorescence intensity of esculetin at 466 nm was significantly quenched in presence of aluminium ion. The fluorescence quenching was interpreted in terms of chelation-quenched fluorescence (CHQF) mechanism where the strong Lewis acid character of aluminium ion accepts electrons from the chelating catechol moiety of the excited esculetin. From the absorption and fluorescence changes the association constant was estimated in the order of 105 M-1. The association constant was further evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and there was close agreement to that of obtained from spectroscopic studies. Form ITC studies, the binding enthalpy and binding entropy were estimated as -20.6 kcal/mol and -46.7 cal/mol/K respectively. The complex was less toxic compared to the individual complexing agents when studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Considering the present investigation, esculetin can be a probable molecule for chelation therapy where rapid complex formation ability of esculetin will help to reduce the aluminium accumulation through chelation and water soluble nature of the complex will help for faster elimination from the system.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali G Deokar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.,Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilotpal Barooah
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Atanu Barik
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Song J, Ham J, Hong T, Song G, Lim W. Fraxetin Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Mitochondria Dysfunction in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Huh7 and Hep3B. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010112. [PMID: 33477262 PMCID: PMC7830088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fraxetin is a coumarin scaffold compound extracted from Fraxinus rhynchophylla. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antifibrotic effects. Furthermore, fraxetin has anticancer effects in breast and lung cancer. We aimed to evaluate whether fraxetin has anticancer activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its underlying mechanism. We demonstrated the anticancer effects of fraxetin in the HCC cell lines Huh7 and Hep3B. We confirmed that fraxetin inhibited cell proliferation (42% ± 10% Huh7; 52% ± 7% Hep3B) by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in both cell lines. Moreover, fraxetin increased reactive oxygen species production (221% ± 55% Huh7; 460% ± 73% Hep3B), depolarized the mitochondrial membranes (ΔΨm) (345% ± 160% Huh7; 462% ± 140% Hep3B), and disrupted calcium homeostasis in both HCC cell lines. Chelating calcium ions with BAPTA-AM restored proliferation in fraxetin-treated Huh7 cells but not in Hep3B cells. Fraxetin did not affect the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2, whereas it decreased JNK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Furthermore, fraxetin and mitogen-activated protein kinase pharmacological inhibitors had synergistic antiproliferative effects on HCC cells. Although our study was limited to in vitro data that require validation, we suggest that fraxetin is a potential therapeutic agent against HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3290-3012 (G.S.); +82-2-910-4773 (W.L.)
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (J.S.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3290-3012 (G.S.); +82-2-910-4773 (W.L.)
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16
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Edathara PM, Chintalapally S, Makani VKK, Pant C, Yerramsetty S, D Rao M, Bhadra MP. Inhibitory role of oleanolic acid and esculetin in HeLa cells involve multiple signaling pathways. Gene 2020; 771:145370. [PMID: 33346097 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of cervical cancer from low and middle-income groups is increasing at alarming rates with more than half a million women being diagnosed every year. Although the disease is largely preventable when screened and diagnosed in earlier stages, the development of resistance and relapse had resulted in a poor prognosis. Therefore, a comprehensive approach needs to be put forward to understand and develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies to effectively combat cancer. Recently, much attention has been diverted to plant-derivatives for the treatment as they exhibit potent anti-cancer properties and side-effects caused by chemotherapeutic agents can also be prevented. Oleanolic acid and Esculetin are natural compounds known for their anti-cancer properties. Hence, the present study investigates the effect and mechanism of these compounds on cervical carcinoma, using HeLa cells. Posttreatment, it was observed that these compounds inhibited proliferation by both arresting the cells in the sub G1 phase and inducing senescence. Also, a marked reduction in the migration and cell survival was observed, as evidenced by results obtained from wound healing assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Furthermore, studies on the expression pattern of genes involved in major signaling pathways demonstrated a profound effect of these compounds. Taken together, the results of our study suggest that both Oleanolic acid and esculetin serve as a plausible therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivakanth Chintalapally
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Krishna Kanth Makani
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Chitrakshi Pant
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Yerramsetty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manohar D Rao
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India.
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17
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Wang Y, Kong W, Wang L, Zhang T, Huang B, Meng J, Yang B, Xie Z, Zhou H. Multiple-Purpose Connectivity Map Analysis Reveals the Benefits of Esculetin to Hyperuricemia and Renal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207695. [PMID: 33080936 PMCID: PMC7589473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Serum uric acid (SUA) levels in CKD stage 3–4 patients closely correlate with hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) morbidity. New uric acid (UA)-lowering strategies are required to prevent CKD. The multiple-purpose connectivity map (CMAP) was used to discover potential molecules against HUA and renal fibrosis. We used HUA and unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) model mice to verify renoprotective effects of molecules and explore related mechanisms. In vitro experiments were performed in HepG2 and NRK-52E cells induced by UA. Esculetin was the top scoring compound and lowered serum uric acid (SUA) levels with dual functions on UA excretion. Esculetin exerted these effects by inhibiting expression and activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in liver, and modulating UA transporters in kidney. The mechanism by which esculetin suppressed XO was related to inhibiting the nuclear translocation of hexokinase 2 (HK2). Esculetin was anti-fibrotic in HUA and UUO mice through inhibiting TGF-β1-activated profibrotic signals. The renoprotection effects of esculetin in HUA mice were associated with lower SUA, alleviation of oxidative stress, and inhibition of fibrosis. Esculetin is a candidate urate-lowering drug with renoprotective activity and the ability to inhibit XO, promote excretion of UA, protect oxidative stress injury, and reduce renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of the Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.W.); (L.W.); (B.H.); (J.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Weikaixin Kong
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (W.K.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of the Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.W.); (L.W.); (B.H.); (J.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (W.K.); (T.Z.)
| | - Boyue Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of the Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.W.); (L.W.); (B.H.); (J.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of the Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.W.); (L.W.); (B.H.); (J.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of the Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.W.); (L.W.); (B.H.); (J.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (W.K.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-8280-2798 (Z.X. & H.Z.)
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of the Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.W.); (L.W.); (B.H.); (J.M.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-8280-2798 (Z.X. & H.Z.)
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Srilatha K, Reddy KP. Sciatic Nerve Structural and Functional Recovery with Extract of Phyllanthus amarus and Esculetin in STZ-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Ann Neurosci 2020; 26:17-29. [PMID: 32843829 PMCID: PMC7418574 DOI: 10.1177/0972753120911840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes-instigated nerve damage is a chronic complication including impaired peripheral nerve function with lowered nerve conduction velocity (NCV), demyelination of nerve fibres and alterations in the behaviour. Many clinical and experimental studies have proved that Phyllanthus amarus and esculetin have potential effects against various diseases. Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the neuroprotective role of hydro-ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amaras (PAE) and esculetin (ESC) on NCV, metabolism, behavioural and structural changes in diabetic rats. Methods: The extent of protection using PAE and ESC in diabetic rats was determined by checking the HbA1c, NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO), total calcium, protein content, Na+-K+ ATPase activity, acetylcholine content and behavioural alterations using rotarod and maze learning tests on 7, 14 and 21 days. NCV was measured on the 21st day. Results: The diabetic rats showed increased HbA1c, nitrite, MPO, calcium and decreased protein, Na+-K+ ATPase activity, NCV, acetylcholine, behavioural alterations and morphological changes of sciatic nerve so that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is manifested. Continuous treatment for three weeks with Phyllanthus amarus and esculetin significantly minimized the damage to axons and myelin sheath and enhanced the sciatic NCV by reversing all the mentioned parameters. Conclusion: Phyllanthus amarus and esculetin showed the anti-diabetic as well as anti-inflammatory characteristics by prevention of initiation of adverse processes of the sciatic nerve morphology, internal cell functions leading to improved coordination, behavioural and physiological functions in STZ-induced diabetic rats. PAE has shown similar effects with the ESC. However, further studies are essential to confirm their detailed therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Srilatha
- Department of Zoology, Neuroscience Lab, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Karnati Pratap Reddy
- Department of Zoology, Neuroscience Lab, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Ding J, Liu J, Zhang Z, Guo J, Cheng M, Wan Y, Wang R, Fang Y, Guan Z, Jin Y, Xie S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin-based N-hydroxycinnamamide derivatives as novel histone deacetylase inhibitors with anticancer activities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Shinde RG, Khan AA, Barik A. Exploring the interaction of copper-esculetin complex with ct-DNA: Insight from spectroscopic and docking studies. J Mol Struct 2020; 1208:127901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu ST, Liu B, Ai ZZ, Hong ZC, You PT, Wu HZ, Yang YF. Esculetin Inhibits Cancer Cell Glycolysis by Binding Tumor PGK2, GPD2, and GPI. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:379. [PMID: 32292350 PMCID: PMC7118906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis can improve the tolerance of tissue cells to hypoxia, and its intermediates provide raw materials for the synthesis and metabolism of the tumor cells. If it can inhibit the activity of glycolysis-related enzymes and control the energy metabolism of tumor, it can be targeted for the treatment of malignant tumor. The target proteins phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2), and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) were screened by combining transcriptome, proteomics, and reverse docking. We detected the binding constant of the active compound using microscale thermophoresis (MST). It was found that esculetin bound well with three potential target proteins. Esculetin significantly inhibited the rate of glycolysis, manifested by differences of cellular lactate production and glucose consumption in HepG2 cells with or without esculetin. It was found that GPD2 bound strongly to GPI, revealing the direct interaction between the two glycolysis-related proteins. Animal tests have further demonstrated that esculetin may have anticancer effects by affecting the activity of PGK2, GPD2, and GPI. The results of this study demonstrated that esculetin can affect the glucose metabolism by binding to glycolytic proteins, thus playing an anti-tumor role, and these proteins which have direct interactions are potential novel targets for tumor treatment by esculetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Zhu Ai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zong-Chao Hong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Tao You
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - He-Zhen Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Fang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Croley CR, Bhattacharyya P, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Antiangiogenic Effects of Coumarins against Cancer: From Chemistry to Medicine. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234278. [PMID: 31771270 PMCID: PMC6930449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of formation and recruitment of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, plays an important role in the development of cancer. Therefore, the use of antiangiogenic agents is one of the most critical strategies for the treatment of cancer. In addition, the complexity of cancer pathogenicity raises the need for multi-targeting agents. Coumarins are multi-targeting natural agents belonging to the class of benzopyrones. Coumarins have several biological and pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticoagulant, anxiolytic, analgesic, and anticancer properties. Several reports have shown that the anticancer effect of coumarins and their derivatives are mediated through targeting angiogenesis by modulating the functions of vascular endothelial growth factor as well as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which are involved in cancer pathogenesis. In the present review, we focus on the antiangiogenic effects of coumarins and related structure-activity relationships with particular emphasis on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Majnooni
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | | | - Piyali Bhattacharyya
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Recinto de Gurabo, Gurabo, PR 00778, USA;
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; or
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
- Correspondence: (M.H.F.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.H.F.); or (A.B.)
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Choi YJ, Lee CM, Park SH, Nam MJ. Esculetin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer LoVo cells. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:1129-1136. [PMID: 31313495 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-cancer effects of ESC in human colon cancer LoVo cells. Cell counting assay results showed that ESC inhibited the proliferation of LoVo cells. Cell cycle arrest results showed that cell cycle was arrested during the G0/G1 phase in the ESC-treated LoVo cells. Western blot results showed that the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, and p21 were increased, and cyclin D1, the cell cycle progressive protein, was decreased. Sp1 is a transcription factor regulating cell proliferation, was decreased in the ESC-treated LoVo cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining results showed that ESC induces apoptosis in LoVo cells. Western blot results showed that Bax, cleaved caspase -3, -7, -9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which are proapoptotic proteins, were increased and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased. Taken together, ESC induced apoptosis and has an anti-cancer effect in LoVo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong J Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang M Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong J Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Yan L, Yu HH, Liu YS, Wang YS, Zhao WH. Esculetin enhances the inhibitory effect of 5-Fluorouracil on the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:231-240. [PMID: 30689555 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant disease worldwide and thus new therapeutic approaches are needed. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the most widely used agent to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its clinical efficacy is currently limited by the development of drug resistance. Esculetin (EST), a coumarin, was found to have anti-proliferative and anti-migration activity in cancer. OBJECTIVE This research aims to evaluated the influence and possible mechanism of EST on the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human CRC cell lines HT-29, SW480, HCT-116, and Caco-2 were treated with various concentrations of EST (0.2, 2, 20, 200, 2000 μg/ml) or 5-FU (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 μg/ml) for 48 h, and cell viability was determined by the MTT and CCK-8 assay. The motility of HCT-116 cells was detected by scratch assay. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression. Besides, levels of Wnt3a and VEGF in HCT-116 cell culture medium supernatant were analyzed by ELISA. The anti-tumor effect was detected with HCT-116 subcutaneous tumor bearing tumor model by monitoring the tumor vomume in vivo. Finally, the tumoral expression of VEGF was measured by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of Ki67, PCNA, β-catenin, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, MMP2 and MMP7 was measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS EST inhibited HCT-116 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that EST decreased the expression of Ki67, PCNA, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin, β-catenin, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, MMP2 and MMP7. Furthermore, EST reduced the release of Wnt3a and VEGF into HCT-116 cells culture medium. After EST treatment, the tumor volume was significant smaller than that of the control group, and the tumoral levels of VEGF were decreased. Moreover, western blot analysis indicated that the expression of Ki67, PCNA, β-catenin, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, MMP2 and MMP7 were also significantly decreased after treated with EST. In addition, in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor results demonstrated that EST combined with 5-FU could increase the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on HCT-116 cells proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS EST enhances the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Department of Oncology and Pneumology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Hai-Hua Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yuan-Shui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yan-Sen Wang
- Department of Oncology and Pneumology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
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Abumelha HM. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Some Hydrazone and 2 H -benzopyranone Derivatives as Antitumor Agents: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Some Hydrazone and 2H-benzopyranone. J Heterocycl Chem 2018; 55:1738-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Turkekul K, Colpan RD, Baykul T, Ozdemir MD, Erdogan S. Esculetin Inhibits the Survival of Human Prostate Cancer Cells by Inducing Apoptosis and Arresting the Cell Cycle. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:10-17. [PMID: 29629344 PMCID: PMC5886490 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most important causes of death in men and thus new therapeutic approaches are needed. In this study, antiproliferative and anti-migration properties of a coumarin derivative esculetin were evaluated. Methods Human PCa cell lines PC3, DU145, and LNCaP were treated with various concentrations of esculetin for 24 to 72 hours, and cell viability was determined by the MTT test. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by using cell-based cytometer. Gene expression levels were assessed by reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR, cell migration was determined by the wound healing assay. The protein expression was measured by Western blotting. Results Esculetin inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell migration was inhibited by esculetin treatment. Administration of esculetin significantly reduced the cells survival, induced apoptosis and caused the G1 phase cell cycle arrest shown by image-based cytometer. The induced expression of cytochrome c, p53, p21 and p27, and down-regulated CDK2 and CDK4 may be the underlying molecular mechanisms of esculetin effect. Esculetin suppressed phosphorylation of Akt and enhanced protein expression of tumor-suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue. Conclusions Our findings showed that the coumarin derivative esculetin could be used in the management of PCa. However, further in vivo research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kader Turkekul
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Turkey
| | - R Dilsu Colpan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Talha Baykul
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mehmet D Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Suat Erdogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, Edirne, Turkey
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Kim WK, Byun WS, Chung HJ, Oh J, Park HJ, Choi JS, Lee SK. Esculetin suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by targeting Axin2/E-cadherin axis in colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29534875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant disease worldwide due to its metastasis via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. E-cadherin and Wnt signaling are emerging as potential targets for suppressing the EMT. In this context, Axin2 has been recognized as a negative regulator that inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-mediated degradation of Snail1, a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin. However, Axin2 can also impede Wnt signaling via β-catenin degradation. Therefore, Axin2 may serve as either a promoter or suppressor of tumors, and the effects of its inhibition on the cell proliferation and metastasis of CRC require further elucidation. Here, esculetin (ES), a coumarin, was found to have the most potential effects on both β-catenin-responsive transcriptional and E-cadherin promoter activities. ES also showed anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activities in CRC cells. Mechanistically, Axin2 suppression by ES contributed to E-cadherin-mediated Wnt signaling inhibition. Moreover, the ability of ES to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis via Axin2 suppression was further supported in an HCT116-implanted orthotopic mouse model. Collectively, these findings suggest that targeting the Axin2/E-cadherin axis by ES may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sub Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Chung
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 06017, Republic of Korea
| | - Jedo Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyen Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu X, Gu J, Qian H. Esculetin Attenuates the Growth of Lung Cancer by Downregulating Wnt Targeted Genes and Suppressing NF-κB. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Selvasundaram R, Manoharan S, Buddhan R, Neelakandan M, Murali Naidu R. Chemopreventive potential of esculetin in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:145-153. [PMID: 29435870 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis is widely preferred to assess the tumor-inhibiting efficacy of the medicinal plants or their constituents. The present study explores the tumor-inhibiting potential of esculetin by utilizing the status of lipid peroxidation by products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), antioxidants (vitamin E, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and phase I and phase II detoxification agents as biochemical end points and by using histopathological studies as well in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral tumors developed in the buccal pouch were subjected to histopathological studies, and were confirmed as oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hamsters treated with DMBA alone showed an abnormal pattern of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and detoxification agents as compared to control hamsters. The status of the above-mentioned biochemical markers and histopathological abnormalities were found to be reversed in DMBA + esculetin-treated hamsters. The result of the present study thus indicates the tumor preventive potential of esculetin in DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renganathan Selvasundaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Shanmugam Manoharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India.
| | - Rajamanickam Buddhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Mani Neelakandan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Murali Naidu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jiang D, Liu X, Hu J. Topical administration of Esculetin as a potential therapy for experimental dry eye syndrome. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:1724-1732. [PMID: 28643798 PMCID: PMC5733282 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeIn this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of topical Esculetin for dry eye rabbits through the ocular tests, inflammatory factor levels and specific phosphorylated protein expressions of ERK1/2 singnal pathway.Patients and methodsThirty-two healthy adult male New Zealand white rabbits were chosen for the study. DES models were established after removing of the main lacrimal gland, Harderian gland and nictitating membrane in the left eyes and randomly divided into group DES control, group CsA, group Esculetin and group Esculetin combined with CsA (C&E), meanwhile the right eyes served as group Normal control. Schirmer's I tests, fluorescein scores, goblet cell densities, inflammatory cytokines IL-1α,IL-1β,TNF-αlevels were observed by slit-lamp microscope, conjunctival impression cytology and ELISA essay at week 0, 1, 2, 4, 8. Phosphorylated-ERK1/2 expressions were detected in Western blot analysis at week 8.ResultsAfter induction of DES, aqueous tear production and goblet cell density were decreased, FL score was much higher in group DES control throughout the study (P<0.05). Both topical Esculetin and Esculetin combing CsA increased the SIT values (10±1 mm, 14±3 mm, P<0.05) and goblet cell densities (77±12/HP, 92±12/HP, P<0.05), decreased FL scores (7.48±0.33, 5.09±0.24, P<0.05) at week 8. Alternations of IL-1α,IL-1β,TNF-αlevels had similar trend. In Western blot analysis, downregulations of p-ERK1/2 were observed in therapy groups when compared with group DES control and the most decreasing was found in group C&E (P<0.05).ConclusionTopical Esculetin improved DES symptoms, downregulated the inflammatory cytokine expressions, suppressed the ERK1/2 pathway and enhanced the therapeutic effect of CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longhua Hosptial, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longhua Hosptial, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longhua Hosptial, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shen L, Liu M, Liu W, Cui J, Li C. Bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing data reveals multiple key genes in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:205-212. [PMID: 29387216 PMCID: PMC5769370 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) samples were collected and analyzed using bioinformatics tools to identify potential genes associated with the development of UCEC. UCEC RNA-seq data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differential analysis was performed using edgeR software. A false discovery rate <0.01 and |log2(fold change)|>1 were set as the cut-off criteria to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Differential gene co-expression analysis was performed using R/EBcoexpress package in R. DEGs in the gene co-expression network were subjected to Gene Ontology analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was also performed on the DEGs using KOBAS 2.0 software. The ConnectivityMap database was used to identify novel drug candidates. A total of 3,742 DEGs were identified among the 552 UCEC samples and 35 normal controls, and comprised 2,580 upregulated and 1,162 downregulated genes. A gene co-expression network consisting of 129 DEGs and 368 edges was constructed. Genes were associated with the cell cycle and the tumor protein p53 signaling pathway. Three modules were identified, in which genes were associated with the mitotic cell cycle, nuclear division and the M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. Multiple key hub genes were identified, including cell division cycle 20, cyclin B2, non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H, BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, cell division cycle associated 8, maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase, MYB proto-oncogene like 2, TPX2, microtubule nucleation factor and non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G. In addition, the small molecule drug esculetin was implicated in the suppression of UCEC progression. Overall, the present study identified multiple key genes in UCEC and clinically relevant small molecule agents, thereby improving our understanding of UCEC and expanding perspectives on targeted therapy for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Oral Surgery, Jinan Stomatology Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Changzhong Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Zhu X, Gu J, Qian H. Esculetin Attenuates the Growth of Lung Cancer by Downregulating Wnt Targeted Genes and Suppressing NF-κB. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 54:128-133. [PMID: 29108761 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esculetin was identified to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in several cancer cell lines. However, the effect of esculetin on lung cancer remains elusive. METHODS The anti-proliferative role of esculetin in murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with LLC cells to investigate the inhibitory effect of esculetin on the growth of lung cancer xenograft. Invasive ability was detected in esculetin treated and untreated LLC cells by transwell assay. The association between esculetin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), was confirmed by testing the expression of c-myc, Cyclin D1 and NF-κB using Western blot. RESULTS Esculetin treatment in LLC cells led to significant decrease of cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After injection of LLC cells into mice, reduced size and weight of tumors were observed in esculetin treated mice compared to untreated mice. However, no difference in cell invasion was observed between the treated and untreated LLC cells. Notably decreased expression of c-myc, Cyclin D1 and NF-κB were observed in LLC cells with esculetin treatment compared to untreated cells. CONCLUSION Esculetin plays an inhibitory role in the growth of lung cancer by down-regulating c-myc, Cyclin D1 and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jiaping Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Hongxian Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China.
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Rubio V, García-Pérez AI, Herráez A, Tejedor MC, Diez JC. Esculetin modulates cytotoxicity induced by oxidants in NB4 human leukemia cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:700-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhu X, Song X, Xie K, Zhang X, He W, Liu F. Osthole induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation via the PI3K/Akt pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1143-1151. [PMID: 28902342 PMCID: PMC5593451 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osthole is a natural coumarin isolated from Umbelliferae plant monomers. Previous research has indicated that osthole exerts a wide variety of biological effects, acting as anti-seizure, anti-osteoporosis and anti-inflammation. However, the regulatory effect and related molecular mechanism of osthole in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unknown. In the present study, the authors found that osthole inhibited ICC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Osthole also significantly induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by upregulating Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase expression, and by downregulating Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, the levels of p-Akt and PI3K were significantly decreased, while total Akt protein levels were unchanged. Following transfection with wild-type-Akt and constitutively active (CA)-Akt plasmids, the effects of osthole were decreased. Osthole was also able to suppress tumor growth in vivo. Together, these data demonstrated that osthole induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that osthole may represent a novel and effective agent for the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Fubao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Fubao Liu, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Janjušević L, Pejin B, Kaišarević S, Gorjanović S, Pastor F, Tešanović K, Karaman M. Trametes versicolor ethanol extract, a promising candidate for health–promoting food supplement. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:963-967. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1366484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Janjušević
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Boris Pejin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research – IMSI, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Kaišarević
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Ferenc Pastor
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Tešanović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Karaman
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Nakano M, Imamura H, Sasaoka N, Yamamoto M, Uemura N, Shudo T, Fuchigami T, Takahashi R, Kakizuka A. ATP Maintenance via Two Types of ATP Regulators Mitigates Pathological Phenotypes in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease. EBioMedicine 2017; 22:225-241. [PMID: 28780078 PMCID: PMC5552266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is assumed to be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in the affected dopaminergic neurons in the brain. We have recently created small chemicals, KUSs (Kyoto University Substances), which can reduce cellular ATP consumption. By contrast, agonistic ligands of ERRs (estrogen receptor-related receptors) are expected to raise cellular ATP levels via enhancing ATP production. Here, we show that esculetin functions as an ERR agonist, and its addition to culture media enhances glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, leading to elevated cellular ATP levels. Subsequently, we show the neuroprotective efficacies of KUSs, esculetin, and GSK4716 (an ERRγ agonist) against cell death in Parkinson's disease models. In the surviving neurons, ATP levels and expression levels of α-synuclein and CHOP (an ER stress-mediated cell death executor) were all rectified. We propose that maintenance of ATP levels, by inhibiting ATP consumption or enhancing ATP production, or both, would be a promising therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nakano
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norio Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shudo
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Daito Chemix, Ishibashi-cho, Fukui-city, Fukui 910-3137, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Kakizuka
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Bitto A. Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017:8416763. [PMID: 28819546 PMCID: PMC5551541 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8416763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1646] [Impact Index Per Article: 235.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products. ROS can play, and in fact they do it, several physiological roles (i.e., cell signaling), and they are normally generated as by-products of oxygen metabolism; despite this, environmental stressors (i.e., UV, ionizing radiations, pollutants, and heavy metals) and xenobiotics (i.e., antiblastic drugs) contribute to greatly increase ROS production, therefore causing the imbalance that leads to cell and tissue damage (oxidative stress). Several antioxidants have been exploited in recent years for their actual or supposed beneficial effect against oxidative stress, such as vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols. While we tend to describe oxidative stress just as harmful for human body, it is true as well that it is exploited as a therapeutic approach to treat clinical conditions such as cancer, with a certain degree of clinical success. In this review, we will describe the most recent findings in the oxidative stress field, highlighting both its bad and good sides for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Cucinotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Li J, Li S, Wang X, Wang H. Esculetin induces apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells through IGF-1/PI3K/Akt-mediated mitochondrial pathways. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:787-794. [PMID: 28177662 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) is a coumarin derivative extracted from natural plants and has been reported to have anticancer activity. However, the mechanism by which esculetin prevents human hepatic cancer cell growth is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of esculetin on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SMMC-7721 cells and explored the cell signal mechanism. Our data indicated that esculetin induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells, which were supported by DAPI staining and Annexin V/PI staining. Meanwhile, esculetin increased the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, promoted bax expression, decreased bcl-2 expression, and triggered collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased cytochrome c release from mitochondria. In addition, the inactivation of IGF-1, PI3K, and Akt was observed after esculetin administration. Furthermore, pretreatment with IGF-1 before esculetin administration abrogated the pro-apoptotic effects of esculetin, while PI3K inhibitor increased the pro-apoptotic effects of esculetin. These results indicated that esculetin induced the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells through IGF-1/PI3K/Akt-regulated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe District Hospital of Jinzhou City, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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Fan X, Du H, Sun Y, Jiang J, Wang Z, Yin W, Fan K, Li H. Suppression of the Wnt signaling pathway may contribute to the inhibition of proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells by esculetin. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1731-1736. [PMID: 28789402 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of esculetin on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells and to determine the underlying mechanism behind this activity. An MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the relative mRNA expression levels of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1, and western blot analysis was utilized to determine the levels of the associated proteins. Compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide control, esculetin reduced the cell viability of SMMC-7721 and HL-7702 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of SMMC-7721 cells with esculetin resulted in downregulation of the mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Esculetin increased the phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser33/Ser37/Thr41 and inhibited the proliferation of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells by suppressing the Wnt signaling pathway. The results of the present study suggest that esculetin inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in SMMC-7721 cells and may have potential as an effective anti-cancer drug, acting to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Haiyuan Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Yaogui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Junbing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Wang
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
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Kustiawan PM, Lirdprapamongkol K, Palaga T, Puthong S, Phuwapraisirisan P, Svasti J, Chanchao C. Molecular mechanism of cardol, isolated from Trigona incisa stingless bee propolis, induced apoptosis in the SW620 human colorectal cancer cell line. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:32. [PMID: 28472978 PMCID: PMC5418687 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardol is a major bioactive constituent in the Trigona incisa propolis from Indonesia, with a strong in vitro antiproliferative activity against the SW620 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (IC50 of 4.51 ± 0.76 μg/mL). Cardol induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. The present study was designed to reveal the mechanism of cardol’s antiproliferative effect and induction of apoptosis. Methods Changes in cell morphology were observed by light microscopy. To determine whether the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was involved in cell death, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, western blot analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assayed. Results Changes in the cell morphology and the significantly increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, plus the cleavage of pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9 and PARP, supported that cardol caused apoptosis in SW620 cells within 2 h after treatment by cardol. In addition, cardol decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential while increasing the intracellular ROS levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant treatment supported that the cardol-induced cell death was dependent on ROS production. Conclusion Cardol induced cell death in SW620 cells was mediated by oxidative stress elevation and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and these could be the potential molecular mechanism for the antiproliferative effect of cardol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mariana Kustiawan
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kriengsak Lirdprapamongkol
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Institute Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254, Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Preecha Phuwapraisirisan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Chanpen Chanchao
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Song XL, Zhang YJ, Wang XF, Zhang WJ, Wang Z, Zhang F, Zhang YJ, Lu JH, Mei JW, Hu YP, Chen L, Li HF, Ye YY, Liu YB, Gu J. Casticin induces apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in gallbladder cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:9. [PMID: 28070171 PMCID: PMC5217413 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Casticin, the flavonoid extracted from Vitex rotundifolia L, exerts various biological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of casticin in human gallbladder cancer cells. Methods Human NOZ and SGC996 cells were used to perform the experiments. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were performed to evaluate cell viability. Cell cycle analyses and annexin V/PI staining assay for apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the changes in protein expression, and the effect of casticin treatment in vivo was experimented with xenografted tumors. Results In this study, we found that casticin significantly inhibited gallbladder cancer cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Casticin also induced G0/G1 arrest and mitochondrial-related apoptosis by upregulating Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase expression, and by downregulating Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, casticin induced cycle arrest and apoptosis by upregulating p27 and downregulating cyclinD1/cyclin-dependent kinase4 and phosphorylated protein kinase B. In vivo, casticin inhibited tumor growth. Conclusion Casticin induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in gallbladder cancer, suggesting that casticin might represent a novel and effective agent against gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Song
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Lu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Mei
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Arora R, Sawney S, Saini V, Steffi C, Tiwari M, Saluja D. Esculetin induces antiproliferative and apoptotic response in pancreatic cancer cells by directly binding to KEAP1. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:64. [PMID: 27756327 PMCID: PMC5069780 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A handful of studies have exploited antitumor potential of esculetin, a dihydroxy coumarine derivative; the targets to which it binds and the possible downstream mechanism for its cytotoxicity in cancer cells remain to be elucidated. Using pancreatic cancer cell lines as a model system, herein the study was initiated to check the efficacy of esculetin in inhibiting growth of these cancer cells, to decipher mechanism of its action and to predict its direct binding target protein. METHODS The cytotoxicity of esculetin was determined in PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cell lines; followed by an inspection of intracellular levels of ROS and its associated transcription factor, p65-NF-κB. The interaction between transcription factor, Nrf2 and its regulator KEAP1 was studied in the presence and absence of esculetin. The effect of Nrf2 on gene expression of antioxidant response element pathway was monitored by real time PCR. Thereafter, potential binding target of esculetin was predicted through molecular docking and then confirmed in vitro. RESULTS Esculetin treatment in all three pancreatic cancer cell lines resulted in significant growth inhibition with G1-phase cell cycle arrest and induction of mitochondrial dependent apoptosis through activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9. A notable decrease was observed in intracellular ROS and protein levels of p65-NF-κB in PANC-1 cells on esculetin treatment. Antioxidant response regulator Nrf2 has been reportedly involved in crosstalk with NF-κB. Interaction between Nrf2 and KEAP1 was found to be lost upon esculetin treatment in PANC-1 and MIA Paca-2 cells. Nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and an upregulation of expression of Nrf2 regulated gene NQO1, observed on esculetin treatment in PANC-1 further supported the activation of Nrf2. To account for the loss of Nrf2-KEAP1 interaction on esculetin treatment, direct binding potential between esculetin and KEAP1 was depicted in silico using molecular docking studies. Pull down assay using esculetin conjugated sepharose beads confirmed the binding between esculetin and KEAP1. CONCLUSIONS We propose that esculetin binds to KEAP1 and inhibits its interaction with Nrf2 in pancreatic cancer cells. This thereby promotes nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in PANC-1 cells that induces antiproliferative and apoptotic response possibly by attenuating NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Arora
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Sharad Sawney
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Vikas Saini
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Chris Steffi
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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de Oliveira DM, Ferreira Lima RM, Clarencio J, Velozo EDS, de Amorim IA, Andrade da Mota TH, Costa SL, Silva FP, El-Bachá RDS. The classical photoactivated drug 8-methoxypsoralen and related compounds are effective without UV light irradiation against glioma cells. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sakthivel P, Ilangovan A, Kaushik MP. Natural product-inspired rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3- f ]chromen-4(8 H )-one based hybrids as potential mitochondrial apoptosis inducers. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:302-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Mokdad Bzeouich I, Mustapha N, Sassi A, Ghedira K, Ghoul M, Chebil L, Luis J, Chekir-Ghedira L. Oligoesculin fraction induces anti-tumor effects and promotes immune responses on B16-F10 mice melanoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11349-58. [PMID: 26960691 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccase was used to enzymatically polymerize esculin. Oligoesculin fraction was obtained after ultrafiltration through a 5-kDa membrane. Several studies have been carried out to prove the effectiveness of natural substances such as immunomodulators to promote the anti-cancer activity in situ. The purpose of our report was to explore whether the anti-tumor potential of the oligoesculin fraction in vitro and in vivo is linked to its immunological mechanisms in melanoma-bearing mice. We revealed that oligoesculin fraction reduced B16-F10 proliferation and migration in vitro in a dose-related manner. Moreover, melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were inhibited in these melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent way. The anti-tumor potential of oligoesculin fraction was also assessed in vivo. Our results showed that intraperitoneal administration of oligoesculin fraction, at 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 21 days, reduced tumor size and weight with percentages of inhibition of 94 and 87 %, respectively. Oligoesculin fraction was effective in promoting lysosomal activity and nitric oxide (NO) production by peritoneal macrophages in tumor-implanted mice. In addition, the activities of natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and macrophages were significantly enhanced by oligoesculin fraction. These findings suggested that this polymer with its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties could be used for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Mokdad Bzeouich
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.,Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Mustapha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.,Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Sassi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.,Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ghoul
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Engineering, National School of Agronomy and Food Industries, National Polytechnics Institute of Lorraine ENSAIA-INPL, 54505, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Latifa Chebil
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Engineering, National School of Agronomy and Food Industries, National Polytechnics Institute of Lorraine ENSAIA-INPL, 54505, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - José Luis
- INSERM UMR 911-CRO2, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia. .,Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Salem MA, Marzouk MI, El-Kazak AM. Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Coumarins with in Vitro Antitumor and Antioxidant Activity and High Protective Effects against DNA Damage. Molecules 2016; 21:249. [PMID: 26907244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are naturally occurring oxygen heterocyclic compounds having multifarious medicinal properties, hence used as lead compounds for designing new potent analogs. The chromene butenoic acid 3 and the benzochromene butenoic acid 4 which are derived from the reaction of glyoxalic acid with 3-acetylcoumarin and 3-acetylbenzocoumarin, respectively, were reacted with different nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles to give new heterocyclic compounds. The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated by IR, ¹H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Some of the newly prepared compounds were tested in vitro against a panel of four human tumor cell lines namely; hepatocellular carcinoma (liver) HepG2, colon cancer HCT-116, human prostate cancer PC3, and mammary gland breast MCF-7. Also they were tested as antioxidants. Almost all of the tested compounds showed satisfactory activity.
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León-González AJ, Auger C, Schini-Kerth VB. Pro-oxidant activity of polyphenols and its implication on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:371-80. [PMID: 26206193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in carcinogenesis: pro-oxidant agents like tobacco smoke, asbestos or N-nitrosamines, are known as mutagenic and carcinogenic, and cancer cells show increased levels of ROS and redox deregulation. However, pro-oxidant molecules can also act as selective cytotoxic agents against cancer cells by achieving toxic levels of ROS. Although polyphenols are well-known as potent antioxidants, a pro-oxidant effect has been associated with their pro-apoptotic effect in various types of tumor cells. The aim of the present review is to present the main evidences of the pro-oxidant-related cytotoxic activity of naturally occurring polyphenols and their underlying mechanisms.
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