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Sfreddo CS, Oliveira LM, Gomes BZ, Ardenghi TM. Discriminant validity of the current gingivitis classification in adolescents: a cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6513-6521. [PMID: 37725169 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence of gingivitis estimated by the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/American Academy of Periodontology (EFP/AAP) classification with the other case definitions and assess the ability of this classification system in discriminating sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the presence of gingivitis in a cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multistage random sample of 1134 12-year-old adolescents was submitted to a full-mouth examination according to the Community Periodontal Index. Socioeconomic and clinical variables were collected at baseline. Gingivitis was considered according to the following criteria: (a) ≥ 10% of bleeding sites (the 2018 EFP/AAP criteria); (b) ≥ 15% of bleeding sites; and (c) the mean full-mouth bleeding sites. Adjusted multilevel Poisson regression assessed the association between independent variables at baseline and each definition of gingivitis at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS Seven hundred forty-two 14-year-old adolescents were re-revaluated at follow-up. The prevalence of gingivitis was 28.7% according to 10% of bleeding threshold. The 2018 EFP/AAP criteria and other definitions showed higher prevalence and mean of gingivitis for low-household income adolescents and for those with higher levels of dental plaque and untreated dental caries. Nonetheless, the highest strengths of association were observed for the threshold of ≥ 15% of bleeding sites. CONCLUSION The 2018 EFP/AAP case definition of gingivitis showed a similar discriminant validity compared to the 15% threshold and the mean full-mouth bleeding sites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The 2018 EFP/AAP classification allows the discrimination of important risk factors and should be used for the establishment of priorities for large-scale therapeutic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Sfreddo
- Department of Semiology and Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves Street, 457, 509 Room, Centro, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil.
| | - Leandro M Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 26F Building, Santa Maria, Camobi, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Z Gomes
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves Street, 457, Centro, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Ardenghi
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 26F Building, Santa Maria, Camobi, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Balseca Ibarra MC, Medina Vega MV, Souto MLS, Romito GA, Frias AC, Raggio DP, Crosato EM, Mendes FM, Pannuti CM. Impact of gingivitis on oral health-related quality of life in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:211-218. [PMID: 36602708 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate the impact of gingivitis on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) amongst 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito, Ecuador. METHODS We evaluated 998 school children using the Community Periodontal Index for gingival bleeding and calculus. OHRQoL was assessed with the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14) questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 998 schoolchildren, 93% had gingival bleeding and 73% had dental calculus. Schoolchildren with more than one sextant with gingival bleeding had 1.18 times higher mean CPQ11-14 (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11-1.27) than those with none or just one affected sextant. Male schoolchildren presented a 15% lower mean Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) (RT 0.85; 95% CI 0.76-0.96). Children whose parents had incomplete secondary education had a 15% lower mean CPQ (RT 0.85; 95% CI 0.77-0.94). Bleeding in more than one sextant was significantly associated with worse quality of life in the emotional well-being (RT 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.90) and social well-being domains (RT 1.76, 95% CI 1.32-2.34). CONCLUSION Gingival bleeding negatively impacted the OHRQoL of 12-year-old Ecuadorian schoolchildren living in Quito.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Balseca Ibarra
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Periodontics Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M V Medina Vega
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Periodontics Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M L S Souto
- University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G A Romito
- Periodontics Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Frias
- Social Dentistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D P Raggio
- Paedriatic Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M Crosato
- Social Dentistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Mendes
- Paedriatic Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M Pannuti
- Periodontics Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rani N, Singla RK, Narwal S, Tanushree, Kumar N, Rahman MM. Medicinal Plants Used as an Alternative to Treat Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:2327641. [PMID: 37941972 PMCID: PMC10630018 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2327641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
For various ailments, natural remedies have been traditionally used. To defend against common disorders, medicinal plants are progressively used as nutritional supplements. Gingivitis and periodontitis are widespread and can affect most of the world's population. Gingivitis is a very common, nondestructive inflammatory disease of gums that causes redness and irritation of the gingiva (gums), but periodontitis causes permanent damage to teeth' subsidiary structures. Herbal medicines are getting popular for the treatment of such types of disorders due to being economical with their medicinal effectiveness, compatibility, and nontoxicity. Traditional chemical therapies can cause cell toxicity along with their disease-curing effects. In this article, we discussed the medicinal plants that can be used as an alternative for the treatment of gingivitis (early-stage gum disease) and periodontitis (chronic-stage gum disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, HR, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonia Narwal
- Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pattikaliyana, Panipat, HR, India
| | - Tanushree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, HR, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, HR, India
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Perić M, Marhl U, Gennai S, Marruganti C, Graziani F. Treatment of gingivitis is associated with reduction of systemic inflammation and improvement of oral health-related quality of life: A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:899-910. [PMID: 35762095 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the level of inflammatory markers, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and gingival parameters 1 month after introduction of electric toothbrush and intensive oral hygiene maneuvers adaptation (OHI) versus routine habits (no-OHI) in patients affected by generalized gingivitis. METHODS 140 subjects with generalized gingivitis were randomized to receive either OHI or no-OHI. Full-mouth plaque/bleeding scores (FMPS/FMBS), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6- (IL-6) and an Oral health impact profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14) were collected at baseline and at 1-month follow-up visit. RESULTS In the OHI, a significant FMPS and FMPBS reduction (p<0.01), a significant intragroup decrease in hs-CRP and IL-6 (p<0.01) and a significant improvement of OHRQoL (p<0.01) was noted at 1-month. In the no-OHI, lower-magnitude differences were noted only for oral parameters. Resolution of gingivitis varied between OHI and no-OHI (89% versus 7% respectively, p<0.01). A Logistic multivariate regression suggested that FMBS ≤8% was associated with odds ratio of 13 of having both CRP and IL-6 below the selected threshold for healthy young adults (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Gingivitis resolution determined important reductions of gingival inflammation and plaque levels, as well as systemic inflammatory markers and an improvement of quality of life (NCT03848351).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Perić
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Urska Marhl
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gennai
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Crystal Marruganti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Graziani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Vargas AW, Maroneze MC, Ortiz FR, Ardenghi DM, Ardenghi TM. Influence of toothache on oral health-related quality of life during adolescence: a cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4615-4622. [PMID: 35257249 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the influence of toothache in early adolescence on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) on later adolescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted, starting in 2012 within a random sample of 1,134 adolescents of 12-year-olds, in Santa Maria, Brazil. Clinical, socioeconomic, demographic, and subjective variables were obtained. Toothache was collected through the question "In the last 6 months, did you have toothache?" Six years later, the same adolescents answered the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14). Multilevel Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between toothache at baseline (2012) with overall and domain-specific CPQ11-14 scores at follow-up (2018). RESULTS A total of 769 adolescents were revaluated in 2018 (68% rate retention), with a mean age of 17.5 years (SD, 0.64). Adolescents who reported toothache at the baseline presented a had a higher mean score in the overall CPQ questionnaire during follow-up (Incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.25; 95% CI 1.20-1.31). Toothache was also associated with all domain-specific CPQ11-14 even after adjusting the other variables. CONCLUSIONS Brazilian adolescents who had toothache in early adolescence, even if only a single episode, have a negative impact on OHRQoL throughout adolescence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings serve as a warning for dental professionals to dedicate their preventive approaches and to promote healthy standards in this age group, in order to avoid episodes of toothache and negative impact on OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Weber Vargas
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marília Cunha Maroneze
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil. .,Departament of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária - 26F, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-372, Brasil.
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