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Mohanty SK, Lobo A, Williamson SR, Shah RB, Trpkov K, Varma M, Sirohi D, Aron M, Kandukari SR, Balzer BL, Luthringer DL, Ro J, Osunkoya AO, Desai S, Menon S, Nigam LK, Sardana R, Roy P, Kaushal S, Midha D, Swain M, Ambekar A, Mitra S, Rao V, Soni S, Jain K, Diwaker P, Pattnaik N, Sharma S, Chakrabarti I, Sable M, Jain E, Jain D, Samra S, Vankalakunti M, Mohanty S, Parwani AV, Sancheti S, Kumari N, Jha S, Dixit M, Malik V, Arora S, Munjal G, Gopalan A, Magi-Galluzzi C, Dhillon J. Reporting Trends, Practices, and Resource Utilization in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Prostate Gland: A Survey among Thirty-Nine Genitourinary Pathologists. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:993-1005. [PMID: 35946087 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221116629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Neuroendocrine differentiation in the prostate gland ranges from clinically insignificant neuroendocrine differentiation detected with markers in an otherwise conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma to a lethal high-grade small/large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The concept of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic adenocarcinoma has gained considerable importance due to its prognostic and therapeutic ramifications and pathologists play a pivotal role in its recognition. However, its awareness, reporting, and resource utilization practice patterns among pathologists are largely unknown. Methods. Representative examples of different spectrums of neuroendocrine differentiation along with a detailed questionnaire were shared among 39 urologic pathologists using the survey monkey software. Participants were specifically questioned about the use and awareness of the 2016 WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumors of the prostate, understanding of the clinical significance of each entity, and use of different immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. De-identified respondent data were analyzed. Results. A vast majority (90%) of the participants utilize IHC markers to confirm the diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. A majority (87%) of the respondents were in agreement regarding the utilization of type of IHC markers for small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma for which 85% of the pathologists agreed that determination of the site of origin of a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma is not critical, as these are treated similarly. In the setting of mixed carcinomas, 62% of respondents indicated that they provide quantification and grading of the acinar component. There were varied responses regarding the prognostic implication of focal neuroendocrine cells in an otherwise conventional acinar adenocarcinoma and for Paneth cell-like differentiation. The classification of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was highly varied, with only 38% agreement in the illustrated case. Finally, despite the recommendation not to perform neuroendocrine markers in the absence of morphologic evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation, 62% would routinely utilize IHC in the work-up of a Gleason score 5 + 5 = 10 acinar adenocarcinoma and its differentiation from high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. Conclusion. There is a disparity in the practice utilization patterns among the urologic pathologists with regard to diagnosing high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma and in understanding the clinical significance of focal neuroendocrine cells in an otherwise conventional acinar adenocarcinoma and Paneth cell-like neuroendocrine differentiation. There seems to have a trend towards overutilization of IHC to determine neuroendocrine differentiation in the absence of neuroendocrine features on morphology. The survey results suggest a need for further refinement and development of standardized guidelines for the classification and reporting of neuroendocrine differentiation in the prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit K Mohanty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Anandi Lobo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kapoor Urology Center and Pathology Laboratory, Raipur, India
| | | | - Rajal B Shah
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kiril Trpkov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Murali Varma
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Deepika Sirohi
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Manju Aron
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shivani R Kandukari
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie L Balzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Luthringer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adeboye O Osunkoya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sangeeta Desai
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Menon
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Lovelesh K Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Division of Renal and Urologic Pathology, Lal Pathology Laboratory, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Sardana
- Department of Pathology, Ampath Pathological Laboratory, Hyderabad, India
| | - Paromita Roy
- Department of Oncopathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Seema Kaushal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Midha
- Department of Oncopathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Minakshi Swain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asawari Ambekar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Apollo Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Suvradeep Mitra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vishal Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shailesh Soni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Gujarat, India
| | - Kavita Jain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Niharika Pattnaik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, India
| | | | - Mukund Sable
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ekta Jain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, India
| | - Deepika Jain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, India
| | - Spinder Samra
- Department of Pathology, Dubbo Base Hospital, Dubbo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahesha Vankalakunti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Subhashis Mohanty
- Department of Histopathology, SUM Ultimate Medicare, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sankalp Sancheti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Punjab (A Unit of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai), India
| | - Niraj Kumari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, India
| | - Shilpy Jha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mallika Dixit
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, India
| | - Vipra Malik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, India
| | - Samriti Arora
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, India
| | - Gauri Munjal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, India
| | - Anuradha Gopalan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
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