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Choe S, Lim J, Kim H, Kim Y, Kim H, Lee D, Park H, Jeon HK, Eom KS. Three Nematode Species Recovered from Terrestrial Snakes in Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2016; 54:205-13. [PMID: 27180581 PMCID: PMC4870971 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The majority of parasitological studies of terrestrial snakes in Korea have focused on zoonotic parasites. However, in the present study, we describe 3 unrecorded nematode species recovered from 5 species of snakes (n=6) in Korea. The examined snakes, all confiscated from illegal hunters, were donated by the Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center and Korean Broadcasting System in July 2014 and February 2015. Light and scanning electron microscopies on the shapes of spicules that are either bent or straight (kalicephalids) and the presence of the intestinal cecum (ophidascarids) figured out 3 nematodes; Kalicephalus brachycephalus Maplestone, 1931, Kalicephalus sinensis Hsü, 1934, and Ophidascaris excavata Hsü and Hoeppli, 1934. These 3 species of nematode faunas are recorded for the first time in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Choe
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Junsik Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Youngjun Kim
- National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Chungnam 33657, Korea
| | - Heejong Kim
- Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 32439, Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hansol Park
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Kyu Jeon
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Keeseon S Eom
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Kim JH, Lim H, Hwang YS, Kim TY, Han EM, Shin EH, Chai JY. Gnathostoma spinigerum infection in the upper lip of a Korean woman: an autochthonous case in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2013; 51:343-7. [PMID: 23864746 PMCID: PMC3712109 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Autochthonous human gnathostomiasis had never been reported in the Republic of Korea. We report here a case of Gnathostoma spinigerum infection in a 32-year-old Korean woman, presumed to have been infected via an indigenous route. The patient had experienced a painful migratory swelling near the left nasolabial fold area of the face for a year, with movement of the swelling to the mucosal area of the upper lip 2 weeks before surgical removal of the lesion. Histopathological examinations of the extracted tissue revealed inflammation with heavy eosinophilic infiltrations and sections of a nematode suggestive of a Gnathostoma sp. larva. The larva characteristically revealed about 25 intestinal cells with multiple (3-6) nuclei in each intestinal cell consistent with the 3rd-stage larva of G. spinigerum. The patient did not have any special history of travel abroad except a recent trip, 4 months before surgery, to China where she ate only cooked food. The patient is the first recorded autochthonous case of G. spinigerum infection in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam 463-774, Korea
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Woo HC, Oh HS, Cho SH, Na BK, Sohn WM. Discovery of larval Gnathostoma nipponicum in frogs and snakes from Jeju-do (Province), Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2012; 49:445-8. [PMID: 22355217 PMCID: PMC3279688 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A survey was performed to find out the intermediate hosts of Gnathostoma nipponicum in Jeju-do (Province), the Republic of Korea. In August 2009 and 2010, a total of 82 tadpoles, 23 black-spotted pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata), 7 tiger keelback snakes (Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus), 6 red-tongue viper snakes (Agkistrodon ussuriensis), and 2 cat snakes (Elaphe dione) were collected in Jeju-do and examined by the pepsin-HCl digestion method. Total 5 gnathostome larvae were detected in 3 (50%) of 6 A. ussuriensis, 70 larvae in 3 of 7 (42.9%) R. tigrinus tigrinus, and 2 larvae in 2 of 82 (8.7%) frogs. No gnathostome larvae were detected in tadpoles and cat snakes. The larvae detected were a single species, and 2.17 × 0.22 mm in average size. They had characteristic head bulbs, muscular esophagus, and 4 cervical sacs. Three rows of hooklets were arranged in the head bulbs, and the number of hooklets in each row was 29, 33, and 36 posteriorly. All these characters were consistent with the advanced third-stage larvae of G. nipponicum. It has been first confirmed in Jeju-do that R. nigromaculata, A. ussuriensis, and R. tigrinus tigrinus play a role for intermediate and/or paratenic hosts for G. nipponicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Choon Woo
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Jeju National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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Mosqueda-Cabrera MA, Almeyda-Artigas RJ, Sánchez-Miranda E, Carranza-Calderón L, Sánchez-Núñez E. Description and development of the early third-stage larva of Gnathostoma turgidum Stossich, 1902 (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) and contributions to its life cycle. Parasitol Res 2010; 106:1321-6. [PMID: 20232083 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The egg and larval stages of Gnathostoma turgidum were examined using light microscopy. Fertilized uterine eggs are 65.97 long and 32.28 wide, oval, brownish, with two cap-like thickenings. The eggshell surface is covered with numerous irregularly shaped pits of various sizes and depths. A sheathed second-stage larva emerges from the egg, measures 178 x 9; the sheath measures 243 x 21. Development to early third-stage larva in the coelomic cavity of cyclopoid copepods is similar to that described for other gnathostome species. After 10 days at 27 degrees C, the larvae undergo a molt (the second for gnathostomes) and develop to early third stage. The body of this stage measures 412.3 x 40.1, with evident hemispherical cephalic bulbs. Cephalic bulbs measure 25 x 40, armed with four transverse rows of sharp hooklets. The average number of hooklets in each row is 31, 34, 37, and 42, respectively. The whole body is covered with 193 transverse rows of small single-pointed cuticular spines. One pair of cervical papillae and an excretory pore are present on the anterior part of the body. On the other hand, potential species-specific features regarding the latter larval stage are discussed. Finally, some G. turgidum life cycle considerations are portrayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Mosqueda-Cabrera
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No 1100, Col Villa Quietud, Delegación Coyoacán, 04960 México DF, Mexico.
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Jung BK, Lee JJ, Pyo KH, Kim HJ, Jeong HG, Yoon CH, Lee SH, Shin EH, Chai JY. Detection of Gnathostoma spinigerum third-stage larvae in snakeheads purchased from a central part of Myanmar. Korean J Parasitol 2008; 46:285-8. [PMID: 19127338 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To examine the infection status of freshwater fish with Gnathostoma spp. larvae in Myanmar, we purchased 15 snakeheads, Channa striatus, from a local market in a suburban area of Naypyidaw, the new capital city. Two larval gnathostomes were collected using an artificial digestion technique, and observed by a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The size of an intact larva was 2.65 mm long and 0.32 mm wide. The characteristic morphology of the larvae included the presence of a long esophagus (0.80 mm long), 2 pairs of cervical sacs (0.43 mm long), and a characteristic head bulb with 4 rows of hooklets. The number of hooklets in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th row was 45, 48, 50, and 52, respectively. Based on these morphological characters, the larvae were identified as the advanced 3rd-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum. This is the first report of detection of G. spinigerum 3rd-stage larvae in the central part of Myanmar. Our study suggests that intake of raw meat of snakehead fish in Myanmar may result in human gnathostomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kwang Jung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Ando K, Tsunemori M, Akahane H, Tesana S, Hasegawa H, Chinzei Y. Comparative study on DNA sequences of ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 of mitochondrial DNA among five species of gnathostomes. J Helminthol 2006; 80:7-13. [PMID: 16469166 DOI: 10.1079/joh2005315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of partial 18S, complete internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1), complete 5.8S, complete ITS2 and partial 28S of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 of mitochondrial DNA (MCOI) from five species of gnathostomes (G. spinigerum, G. doloresi, G. nipponicum, G. hispidum and G. binucleatum with the former four species being distributed in Japan and Asia) that cause human gnathostomiasis were compared by direct polymerase chain reaction cycle-sequencing. The nucleotide sequences of each region of the18S (613 bp), 5.8S (158 bp) and 28S (598 bp) rDNA from the five species were almost identical. The ITS1 region was different in length for the five species. The nucleotide sequences of each region of ITS2 and partial MCO1 regions were different among the five species. Therefore, these two regions can be used as genetic markers for identification of worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ando
- Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
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